Android Espresso UI 测试 - 测试运行失败：仪器运行因“java.lang.IllegalAccessError”而失败
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【中文标题】Android Espresso UI 测试 - 测试运行失败：仪器运行因“java.lang.IllegalAccessError”而失败【英文标题】：Android Espresso UI test - Test running failed: Instrumentation run failed due to 'java.lang.IllegalAccessError' 【发布时间】：2015-10-16 11:59:26 【问题描述】：我遇到了以下问题：
当我尝试使用 Espresso 启动独立 UI 测试时，我总是在没有运行测试的情况下收到以下控制台错误消息。
Test running startedTest running failed: Instrumentation run failed due to 'java.lang.IllegalAccessError'
Empty test suite.
所以我尝试运行命令：
gradle -q dependencies
我得到了以下结果：
androidTestCompile - Classpath for compiling the androidTest sources.
+--- com.android.support:support-annotations:23.0.1
+--- com.android.support.test:runner:0.3
| +--- com.android.support.test:exposed-instrumentation-api-publish:0.3
| +--- junit:junit:4.12
| | \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3
| \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.0 -> 23.0.1
+--- com.android.support.test:rules:0.3
| \--- com.android.support.test:runner:0.3 (*)
+--- com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.1 -> 2.2
| +--- com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-idling-resource:2.2
| +--- com.squareup:javawriter:2.1.1
| +--- javax.inject:javax.inject:1
| +--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:1.3
| | \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3
| +--- com.android.support.test:rules:0.3 (*)
| +--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-integration:1.3
| | \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:1.3 (*)
| +--- com.google.code.findbugs:jsr305:2.0.1
| +--- javax.annotation:javax.annotation-api:1.2
| \--- com.android.support.test:runner:0.3 (*)
+--- com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-intents:2.2
| \--- com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2 (*)
+--- com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-web:2.2
| +--- org.ccil.cowan.tagsoup:tagsoup:1.2
| +--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.0 -> 23.0.1
| \--- com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2 (*)
+--- com.android.support.test.uiautomator:uiautomator-v18:2.1.1
+--- com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-contrib:2.2
| +--- com.google.android.apps.common.testing.accessibility.framework:accessibility-test-framework:2.0
| | \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3
| +--- com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.0
| | \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.0 -> 23.0.1
| +--- com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:22.2.0
| | +--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.0 -> 23.0.1
| | \--- com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.0 (*)
| \--- com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2 (*)
\--- com.android.support:multidex-instrumentation:1.0.1
我尝试找到有关此主题的一些解决方案，但没有运气。
Tests fail after Espresso 2 upgrade (failed: Instrumentation run failed due to 'java.lang.IllegalAccessError')
我不知道我应该更新什么才能使测试正常工作。
这里是 app.gradle 配置文件
android
compileSdkVersion 23
buildToolsVersion "23.0.0"
defaultConfig
applicationId "test.my.app"
minSdkVersion 18
targetSdkVersion 23
versionCode 1
versionName "1.0"
testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
// Enabling multidex support.
multiDexEnabled true
buildTypes
release
minifyEnabled false
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
lintOptions
abortOnError false
packagingOptions
exclude 'LICENSE.txt'
exclude 'META-INF/LICENSE.txt'
exclude 'META-INF/NOTICE.txt'
repositories
jcenter()
mavenCentral()
maven url "https://repo.commonsware.com.s3.amazonaws.com"
maven url "https://oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/snapshots/"
maven url "https://jitpack.io"
dependencies
compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:23.0.1'
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services:7.8.0'
compile 'com.mcxiaoke.volley:library:1.0.18'
compile 'com.orhanobut:logger:1.11'
compile 'com.google.code.gson:gson:2.3.1'
compile 'com.android.support:design:23.0.1'
// UI TESTING DEPENDENCIES
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support:support-annotations:23.0.1'
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.3'
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:rules:0.3'
//androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:testing-support-lib:0.1'
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.1'
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-intents:2.2'
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-web:2.2'
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.uiautomator:uiautomator-v18:2.1.1'
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-contrib:2.2'
androidTestCompile('com.android.support:multidex-instrumentation:1.0.1')
exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'multidex'
// ORM DATABASE DEPENDENCIES
compile 'com.michaelpardo:activeandroid:3.1.0-SNAPSHOT'
// STETHO CORE
compile 'com.facebook.stetho:stetho:1.1.1'
compile 'com.facebook.stetho:stetho-urlconnection:1.1.1'
compile 'com.facebook.stetho:stetho-okhttp:1.1.1'
// GOOGLE ANALYTICS
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-analytics:7.8.0'
// JODA TIME FOR ANDROID
compile 'net.danlew:android.joda:2.8.2'
// SECURE SHARED PREFERENCES
compile 'com.scottyab:secure-preferences-lib:0.1.3'
// MATERIAL DIALOG
compile 'com.avast:android-styled-dialogs:2.2.0'
// SQL CIPHER
compile 'com.commonsware.cwac:sqlcipher-for-android:3.3.1'
// html PARSER
compile 'org.jsoup:jsoup:1.8.3'
// MULTIDEX SUPPORT
compile 'com.android.support:multidex:1.0.1'
// SECOND MATERIAL DIALOG
compile('com.afollestad.material-dialogs:core:0.8.1.0@aar')
transitive = true
compile('com.afollestad.material-dialogs:commons:0.8.0.1@aar')
transitive = true
// ANDROID BOOTSTRAP
compile 'com.beardedhen:androidbootstrap:2.0.0'
以及 TEST 类的示例：
@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
public class SignInActivityTest extends ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2<SignInActivity>
public TestHelper tl = new TestHelper();
public SignInActivityTest()
super(SignInActivity.class);
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception
super.setUp();
injectInstrumentation(InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation());
SignInActivity lActivity = getActivity();
// Insert scenario methods here
@Test
public void processTest() throws InterruptedException
// TODO: strings which are inserted into inputs should be defined as the string constants
// Discuss it with Jan Sedlacek.
tl.insertTextIntoInput(R.id.login_txv_username, "test");
tl.insertTextIntoInput(R.id.login_txv_password, "test");
我应该改变什么才能使它正常工作？我会很高兴得到任何帮助。
【问题讨论】：
你解决了吗？我遇到了同样的问题。我的测试实际上是在扩展 AndroidTestCase。 我也遇到了同样的问题。有什么解决办法吗？ 【参考方案1】：ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2 已弃用，您必须改用ActivityTestRule：
@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
public class SignInActivityTest
@Rule
public ActivityTestRule<SignInActivity> mActivityRule = new ActivityTestRule(SignInActivity.class);
public TestHelper tl = new TestHelper();
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception
//currently you don't use Activity instance in your tests
//I just put it here as an example how to get the activity from ActivityTestRule
SignInActivity lActivity = mActivityRule.getActivity();
// Insert scenario methods here
@Test
public void processTest() throws InterruptedException
tl.insertTextIntoInput(R.id.login_txv_username, "test");
tl.insertTextIntoInput(R.id.login_txv_password, "test");
@After
public void tearDown() throws Exception
//do some stuff if needed
【讨论】：
天哪，这太疯狂了，这是我连续第二次在 2 天内偶然发现你的答案 xD【参考方案2】：这是 MultiDex 的 Gradle 错误，如 Android issue 194609 中所述：
m...@felixschulze.de： ...似乎依赖项“multidex”已添加到应用程序本身和 androidTestCompile apk :(
见： https://android.googlesource.com/platform/tools/base/+/studio-1.5/build-system/gradle-core/src/main/groovy/com/android/build/gradle/internal/VariantManager.java#419
...
找到解决方法，将其添加到您的 build.gradle 文件中：
// Workaround for Multidex bug in gradle-android-plugin
// Replace Multidex dependency with some dummy dependency to avoid dex problems
// @see https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=194609
project.getConfigurations().all config ->
if (config.name.contains("AndroidTest"))
config.resolutionStrategy.eachDependency DependencyResolveDetails details ->
if (details.requested.name == "multidex")
details.useTarget("de.felixschulze.teamcity:teamcity-status-message-helper:1.2")
而且，不要使用 MultiDexTestRunner。
【讨论】：
【参考方案3】：我遇到了一个非常相似的问题。
我的问题是由某个工作线程中未捕获的InterruptedException 引起的，该线程停止了测试过程。堆栈跟踪显示在Android Monitor...我能够通过捕获异常来解决我的问题。
【讨论】：
【参考方案4】：这意味着您在 Gradle 文件中存在问题。您使用了错误的依赖项。
我使用 robotsium 和 JUnit 4 我的依赖：
dependencies
androidTestCompile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: 'robotium-solo-5.5.4.jar')
androidTestCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.4'
// Set this dependency to use JUnit 4 rules
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:rules:0.4'
【讨论】：
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