将 Spring Boot 战争部署到 Tomcat 服务器并收到“无法启动嵌入式 Tomcat org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextExcep

Posted 2023-02-24

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【中文标题】将 Spring Boot 战争部署到 Tomcat 服务器并收到“无法启动嵌入式 Tomcat org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextException”【英文标题】：Deployed Spring Boot war to Tomcat server and received "Unable to start embedded Tomcat org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextException" 【发布时间】：2021-10-26 08:10:35 【问题描述】：

我正在关注Building an Application with Spring Boot 的指南。我的目标是在我的 Tomcat 服务器上运行该项目。

首先，我可以在 intellij 本地运行项目。

然后，我创建了一个名为 sample.war 的战争，并按照 12.17.1. Create a Deployable War File 将其部署到我的 Tomcat 服务器。然后我将war 放入目录webapps/sample.war。但是，它无法运行。关键错误（完整日志见下文）：

2021-08-26 16:40:37,453 [localhost-startStop-15] ERROR o.s.b.SpringApplication - Application run failed
org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextException: Unable to start web server; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'formContentFilter' defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/web/servlet/WebMvcAutoConfiguration.class]: Bean instantiation via factory method failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.filter.OrderedFormContentFilter]: Factory method 'formContentFilter' threw exception; nested exception is java.lang.VerifyError: Bad return type

Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'formContentFilter' defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/web/servlet/WebMvcAutoConfiguration.class]: Bean instantiation via factory method failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.filter.OrderedFormContentFilter]: Factory method 'formContentFilter' threw exception; nested exception is java.lang.VerifyError: Bad return type

pom.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.5.2</version>
        <relativePath/>
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>serving-web-content-complete</artifactId>
    <packaging>war</packaging>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>serving-web-content-complete</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> 
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

       <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
         <scope>provided</scope>
      </dependency>
       
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

servingwebcontent\GreetingController.java:

package com.example.servingwebcontent;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

@Controller
public class GreetingController 
    @GetMapping("/greeting")
    public String greeting(@RequestParam(name = "name", required = false, defaultValue = "World") String name, Model model) 
        model.addAttribute("name", name);
        return "greeting";

ServingWebContentApplication.java

package com.example.servingwebcontent;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.builder.SpringApplicationBuilder;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.support.SpringBootServletInitializer;

@SpringBootApplication
public class ServingWebContentApplication extends SpringBootServletInitializer 

    @Override
    protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder application) 
        return application.sources(ServingWebContentApplication.class);
    

    public static void main(String[] args) 
        SpringApplication.run(ServingWebContentApplication.class, args);

服务器信息：

Server version: Apache Tomcat/8.5.20
Server number: 8.5.20.0
OS Name: Linux
OS Version: 5.4.0-77-generic

下面请看catalina.out的错误日志：

26-Aug-2021 16:40:35.813 INFO [ContainerBackgroundProcessor[StandardEngine[Catalina]]] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.undeploy Undeploying context [/sample]
26-Aug-2021 16:40:35.824 INFO [localhost-startStop-15] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployWAR Deploying web application archive [/opt/apache-tomcat-8.5.20/webapps/sample.war]
SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/opt/apache-tomcat-8.5.20/lib/news-client-0.7.2.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/opt/apache-tomcat-8.5.20/webapps/sample/WEB-INF/lib/logback-classic-1.2.3.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [ch.qos.logback.classic.util.ContextSelectorStaticBinder]

  .   ____          _            __ _ _
 /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
 \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
  '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
 :: Spring Boot ::                (v2.5.2)

2021-08-26 16:40:37,453 [localhost-startStop-15] ERROR o.s.b.SpringApplication - Application run failed
org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextException: Unable to start web server; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'formContentFilter' defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/web/servlet/WebMvcAutoConfiguration.class]: Bean instantiation via factory method failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.filter.OrderedFormContentFilter]: Factory method 'formContentFilter' threw exception; nested exception is java.lang.VerifyError: Bad return type
Exception Details:
  Location:
    org/springframework/http/converter/json/Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilder$SmileFactoryInitializer.create()Lcom/fasterxml/jackson/core/JsonFactory; @7: areturn
  Reason:
    Type 'com/fasterxml/jackson/dataformat/smile/SmileFactory' (current frame, stack[0]) is not assignable to 'com/fasterxml/jackson/core/JsonFactory' (from method signature)
  Current Frame:
    bci: @7
    flags:  
    locals:  'org/springframework/http/converter/json/Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilder$SmileFactoryInitializer' 
    stack:  'com/fasterxml/jackson/dataformat/smile/SmileFactory' 
  Bytecode:
    0x0000000: bb00 0359 b700 04b0                    

    at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerApplicationContext.onRefresh(ServletWebServerApplicationContext.java:163)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:577)
    at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerApplicationContext.refresh(ServletWebServerApplicationContext.java:145)
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:754)
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:434)
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:338)
    at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.support.SpringBootServletInitializer.run(SpringBootServletInitializer.java:175)
    at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.support.SpringBootServletInitializer.createRootApplicationContext(SpringBootServletInitializer.java:155)
    at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.support.SpringBootServletInitializer.onStartup(SpringBootServletInitializer.java:97)
    at org.springframework.web.SpringServletContainerInitializer.onStartup(SpringServletContainerInitializer.java:174)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5196)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:752)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:728)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:734)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployWAR(HostConfig.java:988)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig$DeployWar.run(HostConfig.java:1860)
    at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:511)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'formContentFilter' defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/web/servlet/WebMvcAutoConfiguration.class]: Bean instantiation via factory method failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.filter.OrderedFormContentFilter]: Factory method 'formContentFilter' threw exception; nested exception is java.lang.VerifyError: Bad return type

[nipped with more of the same errors]

26-Aug-2021 16:40:37.531 INFO [localhost-startStop-15] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployWAR Deployment of web application archive [/opt/apache-tomcat-8.5.20/webapps/sample.war] has finished in [1,708] ms

这是我迄今为止尝试过的：

我有ApplicationContextException: Unable to start ServletWebServerApplicationContext due to missing ServletWebServerFactory bean 中提到的确切问题。我已经听从了三个案例的建议，但无济于事：

案例 1：@SpringBootApplication 注释没有丢失

案例 2：不适用，因为我的项目是 web 项目

案例3：我不使用spring-boot-starter-webflux

我有 Unable to start embedded Tomcat org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextException 中提到的确切问题，但我们没有相同的原因。

我尝试使用旧版本的com.fasterxml.jackson.core 添加，如java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: com/fasterxml/jackson/core/JsonFactory 中提到的2.8.10，但无济于事。

非常非常感谢任何帮助。

【问题讨论】：

Spirng Boot 2.5 需要 Tomcat 9。 @M.Deinum：你有参考吗？据我了解 Spring 5.x 的 baseline requirements 是 Servlet 3.1。如果可用，则使用 Servlet 4.0。 “SLF4J：在 [jar:file:/opt/apache-tomcat-8.5.20/lib/news-client-0.7.2.jar”中找到绑定：你有一个修改过的 Tomcat 安装。请尝试全新安装或提供您在/opt/apache-tomcat-8.5.20/lib 中添加的库列表。我认为 Boot（不是 Spring 本身）的最小值是 tomcat 9。但是查看验证错误，您可能在不同的类加载器的路径中的某处有一个重复的 servlet-api，导致各种的问题。 jackson-dataformat-smile 的副本必须在服务器的类路径中，并且可以被ServiceLoader 检测到。如果该库确实必须存在（可能不是），那么应该有一种方法可以禁用自动检测。 【参考方案1】：

如 cmets 中所述，问题来自您的系统管理员在 Tomcat 的类路径中放置的 jackson-dataformat-smile 库。

如果您真的无法摆脱它，您可以使用以下三种解决方案之一：

将该库添加到您的项目依赖项中（它将覆盖 Tomcat 类路径中的那个），

禁用MappingJackson2SmileHttpMessageConverter：与前面所说的不同，SmileFactory不被 ServiceLoader 检测到，但如果 Spring 检测到工厂开启，它会显式调用它的类路径（参见WebMvcConfigurationSupport #addDefaultMessageConverters）。这是通过将库添加到类路径中“神奇地”出现的功能的价格。

幸运的是，您可以覆盖默认消息转换器：只需添加 WebMvcConfigurer 并覆盖其 configureMessageConverters。你甚至可以在你的@SpringBootApplication 课堂上做到这一点：

@SpringBootApplication
public class YourSpringApplication implements WebMvcConfigurer 

    @Override
    public void configureMessageConverters(List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> converters) 
        // add configuration here
    

    ...

您可以复制上述addDefaultMessageConverters的部分内容。

通过添加到您的上下文文件来更改类加载器的搜索顺序（参见Documentation 的方法并更改加载器的delegate 属性：

<Context>
    <Loader delegate="true" />
    ...
</Context>

【讨论】：

我已经尝试过您提到的选项 1。但是，问题仍然存在。原来是jar:file:/opt/apache-tomcat-8.5.20/lib/news-client-0.7.2.jar 导致了错误。一旦我的系统管理员删除它，问题就消失了。再次感谢你。我真的很感激。

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