带有 Django 的 Heroku 上的 Memcached：无法安装 pylibmc / memcacheify

Posted 2023-02-24

【中文标题】带有 Django 的 Heroku 上的 Memcached：无法安装 pylibmc / memcacheify

【英文标题】：Memcached on Heroku w/ Django : can't install pylibmc / memcacheify

【发布时间】：2012-07-15 11:56:07

【问题描述】：

我在这方面花了很多时间，这显然超出了我的新手理解/技能范围。我尝试使用 pip install 安装django-heroku-memcacheify，这会引发错误。我将问题追踪到pylibmc，这导致了所有问题。这是错误日志中有趣的部分之一：

_pylibmcmodule.h:42:36: 错误: libmemcached/memcached.h: 没有这样的文件或 目录

这是（几乎）完整的追溯：

-----> Heroku receiving push
-----> Fetching custom buildpack... done
-----> Python app detected
-----> Preparing Python interpreter (2.7.2)
-----> Creating Virtualenv version 1.7.2
 !     CLEAN_VIRTUALENV set, rebuilding virtualenv.
       Running virtualenv with interpreter /usr/local/bin/python2.7
       New python executable in .heroku/venv/bin/python2.7
       Not overwriting existing python script .heroku/venv/bin/python (you must
use .heroku/venv/bin/python2.7)
       Installing         distribute..................................................................................................................................................................................................done.
   Installing pip................done.
-----> Activating virtualenv
-----> Installing dependencies using pip version 1.1
       Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): Django==1.4 in
./.heroku/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from -r requirements/common.txt (line 2))
       Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): gunicorn==0.14.3 in     ./.heroku/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from -r requirements/common.txt (line   3))
       Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): PIL==1.1.7 in    ./.heroku/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/PIL (from -r requirements/common.txt (line 4))
       Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): South==0.7.5 in    ./.heroku/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from -r requirements/common.txt (line 5))
       Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): boto==2.1.1 in
./.heroku/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from -r requirements/common.txt (line 6))
       Downloading/unpacking distribute==0.6.10 (from -r requirements/common.txt (line 7))
         Using download cache from /app/tmp/repo.git/.cache/pip_downloads/http%3A%2F%2Fpypi.python.org%2Fpackages%2Fsource%2Fd%2Fdistribute%2Fdistribute-0.6.10.tar.gz
         Running setup.py egg_info for package distribute

       Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): python-dateutil==1.5 in ./.heroku/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from -r requirements/common.txt (line 8))
       Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): six==1.1.0 in ./.heroku/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from -r requirements/common.txt (line 9))
       Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): django-appconf==0.5 in ./.heroku/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from -r requirements/common.txt (line 10))
       Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): dj-database-url==0.2.0 in ./.heroku/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from -r requirements/common.txt (line 11))
       Downloading/unpacking django-compressor==dev (from -r requirements/common.txt (line 12))
         Using download cache from /app/tmp/repo.git/.cache/pip_downloads/http%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fjezdez%2Fdjango_compressor%2Ftarball%2Fdevelop
         Cannot determine compression type for file /app/tmp/repo.git/.cache/pip_downloads/http%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fjezdez%2Fdjango_compressor%2Ftarball%2Fdevelop
         Running setup.py egg_info for package django-compressor

         Requested django-compressor==dev (from -r requirements/common.txt (line 12)), but installing version 1.2a2
       Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): django-crispy-forms==1.1.2 in ./.heroku/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from -r requirements/common.txt (line 13))
       Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): django-extensions==0.9 in ./.heroku/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from -r requirements/common.txt (line 14))
       Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): django-facebook==4.0.9 in ./.heroku/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from -r requirements/common.txt (line 15))
       Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): django-floppyforms==1.0 in ./.heroku/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from -r requirements/common.txt (line 16))
       Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): django-guardian==1.0.4 in ./.heroku/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from -r requirements/common.txt (line 17))
       Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): django-image-cropping==0.5 in ./.heroku/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from -r requirements/common.txt (line 18))
       Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): django-ratings==0.3.6 in ./.heroku/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from -r requirements/common.txt (line 19))
       Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): django-smuggler==0.3 in ./.heroku/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from -r requirements/common.txt (line 20))
       Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): django-storages==1.1.4 in ./.heroku/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from -r requirements/common.txt (line 21))
       Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): django-subdomains==1.2.1 in ./.heroku/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from -r requirements/common.txt (line 22))
       Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): django-s3-folder-storage==0.1 in ./.heroku/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from -r requirements/common.txt (line 23))
       Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): django-userena==1.1.0 in ./.heroku/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from -r requirements/common.txt (line 24))
       Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): Whoosh==2.4.0 in ./.heroku/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from -r requirements/common.txt (line 25))
       Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): brabeion==0.1 in ./.heroku/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from -r requirements/common.txt (line 26))
       Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): versiontools==1.9.1 in ./.heroku/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from -r requirements/common.txt (line 27))
       Obtaining django-haystack from git+https://github.com/toastdriven/django-haystack.git@25bd361d3c64cc22a1090a5053465939647d973d#egg=django_haystack-dev (from -r requirements/common.txt (line 28))
         Updating ./.heroku/src/django-haystack clone (to 25bd361d3c64cc22a1090a5053465939647d973d)
         Could not find a tag or branch '25bd361d3c64cc22a1090a5053465939647d973d', assuming commit.
         Running setup.py egg_info for package django-haystack

       Obtaining django-taggit from git+git://github.com/shacker/django-taggit.git@7987beaf357f8d3621c7fbce3b6753dd21962ee7#egg=django_taggit-dev (from -r requirements/common.txt (line 29))
         Updating ./.heroku/src/django-taggit clone (to 7987beaf357f8d3621c7fbce3b6753dd21962ee7)
         Could not find a tag or branch '7987beaf357f8d3621c7fbce3b6753dd21962ee7', assuming commit.
         Running setup.py egg_info for package django-taggit

       Obtaining django-generic-aggregation from git+git://github.com/coleifer/django-generic-aggregation.git@c76408c2c002dcab6bfc3148760ee58a19cbe05e#egg=django_generic_aggregation-dev (from -r requirements/common.txt (line 30))
         Updating ./.heroku/src/django-generic-aggregation clone (to c76408c2c002dcab6bfc3148760ee58a19cbe05e)
         Could not find a tag or branch 'c76408c2c002dcab6bfc3148760ee58a19cbe05e', assuming commit.
         Running setup.py egg_info for package django-generic-aggregation

       Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): easy-thumbnails==1.0.3 in ./.heroku/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from -r requirements/common.txt (line 31))
       Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): docutils==0.9 in ./.heroku/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from -r requirements/common.txt (line 32))
       Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): httplib2==0.7.4 in ./.heroku/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from -r requirements/common.txt
(line 33))
       Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): reportlab==2.5
in ./.heroku/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from -r requirements/common.txt (line 34))
       Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): wsgiref==0.1.2
in /usr/local/lib/python2.7 (from -r requirements/common.txt (line 35))
       Downloading/unpacking django-pylibmc-sasl==0.2.4 (from -r requirements/prod.txt (line 3))
         Downloading django-pylibmc-sasl-0.2.4.tar.gz
         Storing download in cache at /app/tmp/repo.git/.cache/pip_downloads/http%3A%2F%2Fpypi.python.org%2Fpackages%2Fsource%2Fd%2Fdjango-pylibmc-sasl%2Fdjango-pylibmc-sasl-0.2.4.tar.gz
         Running setup.py egg_info for package django-pylibmc-sasl

       Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): psycopg2==2.4.5 in     ./.heroku/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from -r requirements/prod.txt (line 4))
       Downloading/unpacking pylibmc==1.2.3 (from -r requirements/prod.txt (line 5))
         Storing download in cache at /app/tmp/repo.git/.cache/pip_downloads/http%3A%2F%2Fpypi.python.org%2Fpackages%2Fsource%2Fp%2Fpylibmc%2Fpylibmc-1.2.3.tar.gz
         Running setup.py egg_info for package pylibmc

       Downloading/unpacking django-heroku-memcacheify==0.3 (from -r requirements/prod.txt (line 6))
         Downloading django-heroku-memcacheify-0.3.tar.gz
         Storing download in cache at /app/tmp/repo.git/.cache/pip_downloads/http%3A%2F%2Fpypi.python.org%2Fpackages%2Fsource%2Fd%2Fdjango-heroku-memcacheify%2Fdjango-heroku-memcacheify-0.3.tar.gz
         Running setup.py egg_info for package django-heroku-memcacheify

   Installing collected packages: distribute, django-compressor, django-haystack, django-taggit, django-generic-aggregation, django-pylibmc-sasl, pylibmc, django-heroku-memcacheify
     Found existing installation: distribute 0.6.27
       Uninstalling distribute:
         Successfully uninstalled distribute
     Running setup.py install for distribute
       Before install bootstrap.
       Scanning installed packages
       Setuptools installation detected at /tmp/build_vk3edwx3xe4q/.heroku/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages
       Non-egg installation
       Removing elements out of the way...
       Already patched.
       /tmp/build_vk3edwx3xe4q/.heroku/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg-info already patched.

       Installing easy_install script to /tmp/build_vk3edwx3xe4q/.heroku/venv/bin
       Installing easy_install-2.7 script to /tmp/build_vk3edwx3xe4q/.heroku/venv/bin
       After install bootstrap.
       /tmp/build_vk3edwx3xe4q/.heroku/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg-info already exists
     Found existing installation: django-compressor 1.2a2
       Uninstalling django-compressor:
         Successfully uninstalled django-compressor
     Running setup.py install for django-compressor

     Running setup.py develop for django-haystack

       Creating /tmp/build_vk3edwx3xe4q/.heroku/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django-haystack.egg-link (link to .)
       django-haystack 2.0.0-beta is already the active version in easy-install.pth

       Installed /tmp/build_vk3edwx3xe4q/.heroku/src/django-haystack
     Running setup.py develop for django-taggit

       Creating /tmp/build_vk3edwx3xe4q/.heroku/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django-taggit.egg-link (link to .)
       django-taggit 0.9.4 is already the active version in easy-install.pth

       Installed /tmp/build_vk3edwx3xe4q/.heroku/src/django-taggit
     Running setup.py develop for django-generic-aggregation

       Creating /tmp/build_vk3edwx3xe4q/.heroku/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django-generic-aggregation.egg-link (link to .)
       django-generic-aggregation 0.3.1 is already the active version in easy-install.pth

       Installed /tmp/build_vk3edwx3xe4q/.heroku/src/django-generic-aggregation
     Running setup.py install for django-pylibmc-sasl

     Running setup.py install for pylibmc
       building '_pylibmc' extension
       gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -g -O2 -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DUSE_ZLIB -I/usr/local/include/python2.7 -c _pylibmcmodule.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/_pylibmcmodule.o -fno-strict-aliasing
       In file included from _pylibmcmodule.c:34:
       _pylibmcmodule.h:42:36: error: libmemcached/memcached.h: No such file or directory
           _pylibmcmodule.c: In function â?~init_pylibmcâ?T:
           _pylibmcmodule.c:2140: error: â?~LIBMEMCACHED_VERSION_STRINGâ?T undeclared  (first use in this function)
           _pylibmcmodule.c:2140: warning: passing argument 3 of â?~PyModule_AddStringConstantâ?T from incompatible pointer type
       /usr/local/include/python2.7/modsupport.h:42: note: expected â?~const char *â?T but argument is of type â?~struct PylibMC_Behavior *â?T
       error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
       Complete output from command /tmp/build_vk3edwx3xe4q/.heroku/venv/bin/python2.7 -c "import setuptools;__file__='/tmp/build_vk3edwx3xe4q/.heroku/venv/build/pylibmc/setup.py';exec(compile(open(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --single-version-externally-managed --record /tmp/pip-Y7MRuY-record/install-record.txt --install-headers /tmp/build_vk3edwx3xe4q/.heroku/venv/include/site/python2.7:
       running install

   running build

   running build_py

   creating build

   creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7

   creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/pylibmc

   copying pylibmc/__main__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/pylibmc

   copying pylibmc/pools.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/pylibmc

   copying pylibmc/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/pylibmc

   copying pylibmc/client.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/pylibmc

   copying pylibmc/consts.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/pylibmc

   copying pylibmc/test.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/pylibmc

   running build_ext

   building '_pylibmc' extension

   creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7

   gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -g -O2 -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DUSE_ZLIB -I/usr/local/include/python2.7 -c _pylibmcmodule.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/_pylibmcmodule.o -fno-strict-aliasing

   In file included from _pylibmcmodule.c:34:

   _pylibmcmodule.h:42:36: error: libmemcached/memcached.h: No such file or
directory

   In file included from _pylibmcmodule.c:34:

   _pylibmcmodule.h:75: error: expected declaration specifiers or â?~...â?T before â?~*â?T token

...Lots of errors...

   _pylibmcmodule.c: In function â?~init_pylibmcâ?T:

   _pylibmcmodule.c:2140: error: â?~LIBMEMCACHED_VERSION_STRINGâ?T undeclared (first use in this function)

   _pylibmcmodule.c:2140: warning: passing argument 3 of â?~PyModule_AddStringConstantâ?T from incompatible pointer type

   /usr/local/include/python2.7/modsupport.h:42: note: expected â?~const char *â?T but argument is of type â?~struct PylibMC_Behavior *â?T

   error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1

   ----------------------------------------
   Command /tmp/build_vk3edwx3xe4q/.heroku/venv/bin/python2.7 -c "import setuptools;__file__='/tmp/build_vk3edwx3xe4q/.heroku/venv/build/pylibmc/setup.py';exec(compile(open(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --single-version-externally-managed --record /tmp/pip-Y7MRuY-record/install-record.txt --install-headers /tmp/build_vk3edwx3xe4q/.heroku/venv/include/site/python2.7 failed with error code 1 in /tmp/build_vk3edwx3xe4q/.heroku/venv/build/pylibmc
   Storing complete log in /app/.pip/pip.log
 !     Heroku push rejected, failed to compile Python app

To [e-mail]:crowdcademy.git
 ! [remote rejected] master -> master (pre-receive hook declined)
error: failed to push some refs to '[e-mail]:crowdcademy.git'

这就是交易

我无法在我的本地环境 b/c 中对其进行测试，我正在 Windows 上运行。但是从我读到的libmemcached 是heroku 上的already installed。而且似乎没有其他人对 pylibmc 有任何问题，因为我在谷歌上找不到任何东西。 In this post他们在说：

如果他们检测到您正在加载 pylibmc，他们将引导 libmemcached 为您服务

这可能是问题所在，要么未提供，要么路径错误。任何帮助表示赞赏！如果这不起作用，我将不得不使用 Redis，这似乎要困难得多......不知道我是否足够先进。

编辑 可能无关紧要，但我使用的是带有 init 的设置文件夹而不是 settings.py 文件。我听说这会导致一些奇怪的行为，因为 heroku 并不总是记得这是可能的。

编辑 2

由于有数百人在 heroku 上运行 memcached 和 django 没有任何问题，我认为 heroku 用户不应该使用某种 hack 来安装 libmemcached。当 heroku 在您的需求文件中检测到 pylibmc 时，文档会谈论它，就好像它是为您引导的一样。这使我得出结论：A) 要么我的设置或我使用的某个应用程序有问题，要么 B) heroku 最近更改了某些内容并破坏了自动为 django 引导 libmemcached。我尝试使用 heroku config 进行全新安装：添加 CLEAN_VIRTUALENV=true 但 that's not working either right now。我希望它是 A 并且有人遇到了同样的问题。如果是B我不知道怎么解决。

【问题讨论】：

这个问题今天突然发生在我身上......而且 memcached 已经为我工作了几个月。我很高兴你问这个，因为 tiwei 的回答是正确的。我将我的需求重组为多个需求文件，根需求导入它们；这似乎是致命的。我想我只是将 pylibmc 放在根文件中，这应该可以清除它。

【参考方案1】：

我与 Heroku 的友好人士交谈过，似乎我的 requirements.txt 设置造成了所有破坏。不要在根目录中使用从另一个需求文件导入的需求文件！至少对于 pylibmc 不起作用，因为如果根需求文件中没有明确的 pylibmc 行，libmemcached 不会被引导。我希望这将帮助其他人避免浪费我在这个问题上花费的 10 个小时。耶！

【讨论】：

非常感谢！我不敢相信事情就这么简单。这确实需要记录在案。

感谢您抽出宝贵时间回答您自己的问题！

您不必为 Heroku 扁平化您的需求文件。将#pylibmc 添加到requirements.txt 对我有用。

你找到在 windows 上 pip install pylibmc 的方法了吗？

要澄清这个答案，您需要确保 pylibmc 出现在您的需求文件中，否则 Heroku 不会检测到您需要该库。例如，将pylibmc==1.2.3 添加到文件中。

【参考方案2】：

您需要安装libmemcached。

您不需要开发标头或任何东西，常规的就足够了！

如果无法安装 libmemcached，则无法安装 pylibmc。对此很抱歉，但没什么可做的。

有一种方法可以解决这个问题，但这是一个废话，如果你想了解详细信息，请给我留言。

【讨论】：

感谢 lericson，我尝试了一些技巧来安装它，但是当您尝试离开 pip 时，heroku 不喜欢它。我相信 heroku 正在为您安装 libmemcached，至少这是应该发生的。这有点模糊，文档几乎没有谈论它。

sudo apt-get install -y libmemcached-dev zlib1g-dev libssl-dev python-dev build-essential pip install pylibmc

【参考方案3】：

您是否尝试过类似 libmemcached-dev、memcached-dev 的方法？你需要 libmemcached 的来源！

【讨论】：

我不确定是否可以在 heroku 上安装 libmemcached，我可能没有这样做的 root 权限。另外，如果它不在我的 requirements.txt 中，它不会在我 git push 更新时自动安装。但我愿意尝试任何事情，我的假设可能是错误的！

libmemcached-dev 为我修复了它（Ubuntu）

【参考方案4】：

试试这个：

sudo apt-get install libmemcached-dev