向自定义 UIButton 添加约束不起作用

Posted 2023-02-23

【中文标题】向自定义 UIButton 添加约束不起作用

【英文标题】：Adding constraints to a custom UIButton doesn't work

【发布时间】：2017-02-13 21:39:16

【问题描述】：

您好，我有以下代码：

class MyController     
    override func viewDidLoad() 
        self.addButtons()

        super.viewDidLoad()
    

    func addButtons() 
        let cancelButton = UIButton(type: .custom)
        let validateButton = UIButton(type: .custom)

        cancelButton.setImage(UIImage(named: "cancel_icon"), for: .normal)
        validateButton.setImage(UIImage(named: "validate_icon"), for: .normal)

        cancelButton.addTarget(self, action: #selector(cancelAction), for: .touchUpInside)
        validateButton.addTarget(self, action: #selector(validateAction), for: .touchUpInside)

        cancelButton.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        validateButton.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false

        self.view.addSubview(cancelButton)
        self.view.addSubview(validateButton)

        let leftCancel = NSLayoutConstraint(item: cancelButton, attribute: .leading, relatedBy: .equal, toItem: self.view, attribute: .leading, multiplier: 1, constant: 16)
        let bottomCancel = NSLayoutConstraint(item: cancelButton, attribute: .bottom, relatedBy: .equal, toItem: self.view, attribute: .bottom, multiplier: 1, constant: 20)
        let widthCancel = NSLayoutConstraint(item: cancelButton, attribute: .width, relatedBy: .equal, toItem: nil, attribute: .notAnAttribute, multiplier: 1, constant: 20)
        let heightCancel = NSLayoutConstraint(item: cancelButton, attribute: .height, relatedBy: .equal, toItem: nil, attribute: .notAnAttribute, multiplier: 1, constant: 20)
        let rightValidate = NSLayoutConstraint(item: validateButton, attribute: .trailing, relatedBy: .equal, toItem: self.view, attribute: .trailing, multiplier: 1, constant: 16)
        let bottomValidate = NSLayoutConstraint(item: validateButton, attribute: .bottom, relatedBy: .equal, toItem: self.view, attribute: .bottom, multiplier: 1, constant: 20)
        let widthValidate = NSLayoutConstraint(item: validateButton, attribute: .width, relatedBy: .equal, toItem: nil, attribute: .notAnAttribute, multiplier: 1, constant: 20)
        let heightValidate = NSLayoutConstraint(item: validateButton, attribute: .height, relatedBy: .equal, toItem: nil, attribute: .notAnAttribute, multiplier: 1, constant: 20)
        NSLayoutConstraint.activate([leftCancel, bottomCancel, rightValidate, bottomValidate, widthCancel, heightCancel, widthValidate, heightValidate])

        self.view.layoutIfNeeded()
    

    func cancelAction() 
        self.dismiss(animated: true, completion: nil)
    

    func validateAction() 
        self.dismiss(animated: true, completion: nil)
    

所以基本上我只是添加了两个具有宽度和高度约束的按钮，我将cancelButton 设置在左下角，将validateButton 设置在右下角。

我的按钮没有出现。当我以这种方式设置按钮的框架时，它可以工作：

cancelButton.frame = CGRect(x: 16, y: self.view.frame.height - 40, width: 20, height: 20) 
validateButton.frame = CGRect(x: self.view.frame.width - 36, y: self.view.frame.height - 40, width: 20, height: 20)

有人知道我的约束有什么问题吗？ 谢谢！

【问题讨论】：

我使用不同的语法，但据我所见，有两件事。首先，20x20 按钮相当小。也许他们 正在 被渲染 - 给他们一个 backgroundColor 来检查。其次，两个按钮都呈现在相同的位置。但据我所知，你已经给了它们足够的自动布局来知道如何处理它们。 （除非 .notAnAttribute 不正确。我使用“锚”语法样式并且从未遇到过这个。）编辑：Doh。我没有看到一个按钮领先而另一个按钮尾随。忘记我的第二条评论！

我相信你希望你的底部和尾随约束是负面的......

【参考方案1】：

VisualFormat 有它的用途，但它也有自己的怪癖——比如元素之间的灵活间距。这是一个没有 VisualFormat 的解决方案：

//: Playground - noun: a place where people can play

import UIKit

import PlaygroundSupport

class MyController: UIViewController 
    override func viewDidLoad() 
        super.viewDidLoad()

        self.addButtons()
    

    func addButtons() 
        let cancelButton = UIButton(type: .custom)
        let validateButton = UIButton(type: .custom)

        cancelButton.setImage(UIImage(named: "cancel_icon"), for: .normal)
        validateButton.setImage(UIImage(named: "validate_icon"), for: .normal)

        cancelButton.addTarget(self, action: #selector(cancelAction), for: .touchUpInside)
        validateButton.addTarget(self, action: #selector(validateAction), for: .touchUpInside)

        cancelButton.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        validateButton.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false

        self.view.addSubview(cancelButton)
        self.view.addSubview(validateButton)

        validateButton.backgroundColor = UIColor.red
        cancelButton.backgroundColor = UIColor.blue

        validateButton.setTitle("V", for: UIControlState())
        cancelButton.setTitle("C", for: UIControlState())

        let leftCancel = NSLayoutConstraint(item: cancelButton, attribute: .leading, relatedBy: .equal, toItem: self.view, attribute: .leading, multiplier: 1, constant: 16)
        let bottomCancel = NSLayoutConstraint(item: cancelButton, attribute: .bottom, relatedBy: .equal, toItem: self.view, attribute: .bottom, multiplier: 1, constant: -20)
        let widthCancel = NSLayoutConstraint(item: cancelButton, attribute: .width, relatedBy: .equal, toItem: nil, attribute: .notAnAttribute, multiplier: 1, constant: 20)
        let heightCancel = NSLayoutConstraint(item: cancelButton, attribute: .height, relatedBy: .equal, toItem: nil, attribute: .notAnAttribute, multiplier: 1, constant: 20)
        let rightValidate = NSLayoutConstraint(item: validateButton, attribute: .trailing, relatedBy: .equal, toItem: self.view, attribute: .trailing, multiplier: 1, constant: -16)
        let bottomValidate = NSLayoutConstraint(item: validateButton, attribute: .bottom, relatedBy: .equal, toItem: self.view, attribute: .bottom, multiplier: 1, constant: -20)
        let widthValidate = NSLayoutConstraint(item: validateButton, attribute: .width, relatedBy: .equal, toItem: nil, attribute: .notAnAttribute, multiplier: 1, constant: 20)
        let heightValidate = NSLayoutConstraint(item: validateButton, attribute: .height, relatedBy: .equal, toItem: nil, attribute: .notAnAttribute, multiplier: 1, constant: 20)

        NSLayoutConstraint.activate([leftCancel, bottomCancel, rightValidate, bottomValidate, widthCancel, heightCancel, widthValidate, heightValidate])

        self.view.layoutIfNeeded()
    

    func cancelAction() 
        //      self.dismiss(animated: true, completion: nil)
        print("cancel")
    

    func validateAction() 
        //      self.dismiss(animated: true, completion: nil)
        print("validate")
    


var vc = MyController()
vc.view.backgroundColor = UIColor.green
vc.view.frame = CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: 400, height: 400)

PlaygroundPage.current.liveView = vc.view

PlaygroundPage.current.needsIndefiniteExecution = true

您应该能够将其复制/粘贴到 Playground 页面中以查看结果。请注意，我没有您的按钮图像，所以我使用“V”和“C”标题。

关键区别在于将底部和尾随值设置为负值 - 也就是说，您希望按钮底部为（包含视图的底部 MINUS 20）。同样，Button 的后沿距离包含视图的后沿为 -16。

【讨论】：

谢谢，完美，我知道我做错了什么！没有考虑负值，我想要获得正值我只需要切换item:和toItem:

我把它扔到了操场上，它把 80x80 的图标变成了微小的 10x10 图标？

【参考方案2】：

看来你把这个复杂化了。 您可以使用VisualFormat 字符串轻松实现此目的。

看看这里https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/UserExperience/Conceptual/AutolayoutPG/VisualFormatLanguage.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40010853-CH27-SW1

这是使用您的代码的示例：

func addButtons() 
    let cancelButton = UIButton(type: .custom)
    let validateButton = UIButton(type: .custom)

    cancelButton.setImage(UIImage(named: "cancel_icon"), for: .normal)
    validateButton.setImage(UIImage(named: "validate_icon"), for: .normal)

    cancelButton.addTarget(self, action: #selector(cancelAction), for: .touchUpInside)
    validateButton.addTarget(self, action: #selector(validateAction), for: .touchUpInside)

    cancelButton.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
    validateButton.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false

    self.view.addSubview(cancelButton)
    self.view.addSubview(validateButton)

    // With visual format strings
    let views = ["cancelButton" : cancelButton, "validateButton" : validateButton]

    let horizontalFormat = "|[cancelButton]-[validateButton(==cancelButton)]|"
    let verticalFormat = "V:[cancelButton]-10-|"

    let horizontalConstraints = NSLayoutConstraint.constraints(withVisualFormat: horizontalFormat, options:.alignAllBottom , metrics: nil, views: views)
    let verticalConstraints = NSLayoutConstraint.constraints(withVisualFormat: verticalFormat, options:.alignAllBottom, metrics: nil, views: views)

    NSLayoutConstraint.activate(horizontalConstraints)
    NSLayoutConstraint.activate(verticalConstraints)

    self.view.layoutIfNeeded()

【讨论】：

谢谢它的工作，我接受@DonMag 的回答，因为它让我明白我的错误是什么！你的允许真正进入视觉格式，直到那时我一直在避免