在 PHP 类中是不是可以在函数内部创建私有变量?
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【中文标题】在 PHP 类中是不是可以在函数内部创建私有变量?【英文标题】:In PHP classes is it possible to create a private variable inside of a function?在 PHP 类中是否可以在函数内部创建私有变量? 【发布时间】:2017-09-10 23:59:36 【问题描述】:在使用 php 类时,我注意到在类内部,当我以 $this->variablename
的方式将函数中的变量定义为该类的属性时,它会自动成为该类的公共变量。
class example
public function setstring()
$this->string = "string";
这样
$class = new example();
echo $class->string;
输出:string
但是,如果我想创建只能由类内的函数访问的私有变量,是否只能在 setstring()
函数内声明它们?而不是像这样在函数之外将它们声明为私有。
class example
private $string ='';
public function setstring()
$this->string = "string";
有人这样做的原因是为了整洁,以免在类开始时声明一长串私有变量。
【问题讨论】:
也许使用私有数组来存储变量和值? 你所说的“整洁”我称之为模棱两可。在大多数情况下,所有属性都应该在类的顶部声明,尤其是私有属性。这样您就知道该对象应具有哪些属性。要回答您的问题,不,所有动态声明的属性默认情况下都是公共的。 【参考方案1】:不,没有办法做到这一点。
在 PHP 中,您通常使用自记录 cmets 按字母顺序在函数上方声明 all 您的类/实例属性。这是编写类的最“整洁”和清晰的方式。还建议您完全避免使用公共属性,根据需要使用 getter 和 setter。
PHP 的规范编码风格在PSR-1 和PSR-2 中定义。我还建议您查看PHPDoc。
请记住,在您的类方法范围内声明的变量将是该方法的私有变量。如果您打算从其他方法访问它,则只需要一个类属性。
<?php
class Example
/**
* Holds a private string
* @var string
*/
private $string = '';
/**
* Sets the private string variable
*/
public function setString()
$this->string = 'This string is accessible by other methods';
$privateVar = 'This string is only accessible from within this method';
【讨论】:
【参考方案2】:如何使用 OOP 在 PHP 类中创建私有变量 (面向对象编程)。
在 PHP 类中声明私有变量的最佳方法是在 __Construction 方法上方创建它们,按照惯例,您可以在美元符号后使用下划线开始变量(即 $_private_variable),以让其他程序员阅读您的代码一看就知道是私有变量,brilliant!
请声明你在一个类中的所有变量都是私有的,除了总是公开的 __getter 和 __setter,除非你有理由不这样做。
使用 __setter (__set) 函数为类中的私有变量设置值,当需要该值时,使用 __getter (__get) 函数返回值。
为了理解它,让我们创建一个非常小的类,可用于创建不同类型的车辆,这将使您了解如何正确创建私有变量、为其设置值并从中返回值,准备好了吗?
<?php
Class Vehicle
/* Delcaration of private variables */
private $_name = "Default Vehicle";
private $_model;
private $_type;
private $_identification;
/* Declaration of private arrays */
private $_mode = array();
private $feature = array();
/* Magic code entry function, think of it as a main() in C/C++ */
public function __construct( $name, $model, $type )
$this->create_vehicle( $name, $model, $type );
/* __getter function */
public function __get( $variable )
if( !empty($this->$variable) )
$get_variable = $this->$variable;
return $get_variable;
/* __setter function */
public function __set( $variable, $target )
$this->$variable = $target;
/* Private function */
private function create_vehicle( $name, $model, $type )
$this->__set( "_name", $name );
$this->__set( "_model", $model);
$this->__set( "_type", $type );
//end of the class.
?>
<?php
/* Using the Vehicle class to create a vehicle by passing
three parameters 'vehicle name', 'vehicle model', 'vehicle type'
to the class.
*/
$toyota = new Vehicle("Toyotal 101", "TY101", "Sedan");
/* Get the name and store it in a variable for later use */
$vehicle_name = $toyota->__get('_name');
/* Set the vehicle mode or status */
$vehicle_mode = array(
'gas' => 50,
'ignition' => 'OFF',
'tire' => "OK",
'year' => 2020,
'mfg' => 'Toyoda',
'condition' => 'New'
);
/* Create vehicle features */
$vehicle_feature = array(
"Tire" => 4,
"Horse Power" => "V6",
"blah blah" => "foo",
"Airbag" => 2,
"Transmission" => "Automatic"
//....
);
/* Create vehicle identification */
$vehicle_identification = array(
"VIN" => "0001234567ABCD89",
"NAME" => $vehicle_name,
"FEATURE" => $vehicle_feature,
"MODEL" => $vehicle_mode,
"YEAR" => 2020,
"MFG" => "Totota"
);
/* Set vehicle identification */
$toyota->__set("_identification", $vehicle_identification );
/* Set vehicle features */
$toyota->__set("_feature", $vehicle_feature );
/* Set vehicle mode */
$toyota->__set("_mode", $vehicle_mode);
/* Retrieve information and store them in variable using __get (getter) */
$vehicle_name = $toyota->__get('_name');
$vehicle_mode = $toyota->__get('_mode');
$vehicle_id = $toyota->__get('_identification');
$vehicle_features = $toyota->__get('_feature');
$vehicle_type = $toyota->__get('_type');
$vehicle_model = $toyota->__get('_model');
/* Printing information using store values in the variables. */
echo "Printing Vehicle Information\n";
echo "*****************************\n";
echo "Vehicle name is $vehicle_name \n";
echo "Vehicle Model is $vehicle_model \n";
echo "Vehich type is $vehicle_type \n";
printf("\n\n");
echo "Printing Vehicle Mode\n";
echo "***********************\n";
print_r( $vehicle_mode );
printf("\n\n");
echo "Printing Vehicle Features\n";
echo "**************************\n";
print_r( $vehicle_features );
printf("\n\n");
echo "Printing Vehicle Identification\n";
echo "******************************\n";
print_r( $vehicle_id );
printf("\n\n");
?>
这段代码的输出:
Printing Vehicle Information
*****************************
Vehicle name is Toyotal 101
Vehicle Model is TY101
Vehich type is Sedan
Printing Vehicle Mode
***********************
Array
(
[gas] => 50
[ignition] => OFF
[tire] => OK
[year] => 2020
[mfg] => Toyoda
[condition] => New
)
Printing Vehicle Features
**************************
Array
(
[Tire] => 4
[Horse Power] => V6
[blah blah] => foo
[Airbag] => 2
[Transmission] => Automatic
)
Printing Vehicle Identification
******************************
Array
(
[VIN] => 0001234567ABCD89
[NAME] => Toyotal 101
[FEATURE] => Array
(
[Tire] => 4
[Horse Power] => V6
[blah blah] => foo
[Airbag] => 2
[Transmission] => Automatic
)
[MODEL] => Array
(
[gas] => 50
[ignition] => OFF
[tire] => OK
[year] => 2020
[mfg] => Toyoda
[condition] => New
)
[YEAR] => 2020
[MFG] => Totota
)
要使用此代码进行实时测试或试验,请参阅demo,更改名称,随意创建新车辆。
我希望这会有所帮助。
【讨论】:
【参考方案3】:不可能作为语言功能,但有一个非常简单有效的技巧:
class Test
/**
* Hidden dynamic data.
* @var object
*/
private $_ = (object)[];
public function setString()
$this->_->string = "string";
您可以将$_
更改为您想要的任何内容,但它对我来说确实看起来更老套。 $this->this
也是一个选项。
【讨论】:
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