如果单元素解码失败,Swift JSONDecode 解码数组将失败
Posted
技术标签:
【中文标题】如果单元素解码失败,Swift JSONDecode 解码数组将失败【英文标题】:Swift JSONDecode decoding arrays fails if single element decoding fails 【发布时间】:2018-03-02 20:48:39 【问题描述】:在使用 Swift4 和 Codable 协议时,我遇到了以下问题 - 似乎没有办法允许 JSONDecoder
跳过数组中的元素。
例如,我有以下 JSON:
[
"name": "Banana",
"points": 200,
"description": "A banana grown in Ecuador."
,
"name": "Orange"
]
还有一个 Codable 结构:
struct GroceryProduct: Codable
var name: String
var points: Int
var description: String?
解码这个json时
let decoder = JSONDecoder()
let products = try decoder.decode([GroceryProduct].self, from: json)
结果products
为空。这是意料之中的,因为 JSON 中的第二个对象没有 "points"
键,而 points
在 GroceryProduct
结构中不是可选的。
问题是如何允许JSONDecoder
“跳过”无效对象?
【问题讨论】:
我们无法跳过无效对象,但如果它为 nil,您可以指定默认值。 为什么不能将points
声明为可选?
【参考方案1】:
不幸的是,Swift 4 API 没有 init(from: Decoder)
的可失败初始化程序。
我看到的只有一种解决方案是实现自定义解码,为可选字段提供默认值,并为所需数据提供可能的过滤器:
struct GroceryProduct: Codable
let name: String
let points: Int?
let description: String
private enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey
case name, points, description
init(from decoder: Decoder) throws
let container = try decoder.container(keyedBy: CodingKeys.self)
name = try container.decode(String.self, forKey: .name)
points = try? container.decode(Int.self, forKey: .points)
description = (try? container.decode(String.self, forKey: .description)) ?? "No description"
// for test
let dict = [["name": "Banana", "points": 100], ["name": "Nut", "description": "Woof"]]
if let data = try? JSONSerialization.data(withJSONObject: dict, options: [])
let decoder = JSONDecoder()
let result = try? decoder.decode([GroceryProduct].self, from: data)
print("rawResult: \(result)")
let clearedResult = result?.filter $0.points != nil
print("clearedResult: \(clearedResult)")
【讨论】:
【参考方案2】:有两种选择:
将结构的所有成员声明为可缺少键的可选成员
struct GroceryProduct: Codable
var name: String
var points : Int?
var description: String?
编写自定义初始化程序以在 nil
情况下分配默认值。
struct GroceryProduct: Codable
var name: String
var points : Int
var description: String
init(from decoder: Decoder) throws
let values = try decoder.container(keyedBy: CodingKeys.self)
name = try values.decode(String.self, forKey: .name)
points = try values.decodeIfPresent(Int.self, forKey: .points) ?? 0
description = try values.decodeIfPresent(String.self, forKey: .description) ?? ""
【讨论】:
第二个选项中最好使用try
和decodeIfPresent
,而不是try?
和decode
。我们需要在没有key的情况下设置默认值,而不是在任何解码失败的情况下,比如key存在,但是类型错误。
嘿@vadian 你知道任何其他涉及自定义初始化程序以在类型不匹配的情况下分配默认值的问题吗?我有一个键,它是一个 Int 但有时会是 JSON 中的一个字符串,所以我尝试用 deviceName = try values.decodeIfPresent(Int.self, forKey: .deviceName) ?? 00000
做你上面所说的,所以如果它失败它只会输入 0000 但它仍然失败。
在这种情况下 decodeIfPresent
是错误的 API
因为密钥确实存在。使用另一个 do - catch
块。解码String
,如果出现错误,解码Int
【参考方案3】:
一种选择是使用尝试解码给定值的包装器类型;如果不成功,存储nil
:
struct FailableDecodable<Base : Decodable> : Decodable
let base: Base?
init(from decoder: Decoder) throws
let container = try decoder.singleValueContainer()
self.base = try? container.decode(Base.self)
然后我们可以解码这些数组,将您的 GroceryProduct
填充到 Base
占位符:
import Foundation
let json = """
[
"name": "Banana",
"points": 200,
"description": "A banana grown in Ecuador."
,
"name": "Orange"
]
""".data(using: .utf8)!
struct GroceryProduct : Codable
var name: String
var points: Int
var description: String?
let products = try JSONDecoder()
.decode([FailableDecodable<GroceryProduct>].self, from: json)
.compactMap $0.base // .flatMap in Swift 4.0
print(products)
// [
// GroceryProduct(
// name: "Banana", points: 200,
// description: Optional("A banana grown in Ecuador.")
// )
// ]
然后我们使用.compactMap $0.base
过滤掉nil
元素(那些在解码时引发错误的元素)。
这将创建一个[FailableDecodable<GroceryProduct>]
的中间数组,这应该不是问题;但是,如果您想避免这种情况,您总是可以创建另一种包装器类型来解码和解包来自未键入容器的每个元素:
struct FailableCodableArray<Element : Codable> : Codable
var elements: [Element]
init(from decoder: Decoder) throws
var container = try decoder.unkeyedContainer()
var elements = [Element]()
if let count = container.count
elements.reserveCapacity(count)
while !container.isAtEnd
if let element = try container
.decode(FailableDecodable<Element>.self).base
elements.append(element)
self.elements = elements
func encode(to encoder: Encoder) throws
var container = encoder.singleValueContainer()
try container.encode(elements)
然后您将解码为:
let products = try JSONDecoder()
.decode(FailableCodableArray<GroceryProduct>.self, from: json)
.elements
print(products)
// [
// GroceryProduct(
// name: "Banana", points: 200,
// description: Optional("A banana grown in Ecuador.")
// )
// ]
【讨论】:
如果基础对象不是一个数组,但它包含一个数组怎么办?像 "products": ["name": "banana"...,...] @ludvigeriksson 您只想在该结构中执行解码,例如:gist.github.com/hamishknight/c6d270f7298e4db9e787aecb5b98bcae Swift 的 Codable 很简单,直到现在.. 不能再简单一点吗? @Hamish 我没有看到此行的任何错误处理。如果这里抛出错误会发生什么var container = try decoder.unkeyedContainer()
@bibscy 它在init(from:) throws
的主体内,因此Swift 会自动将错误传播回调用者(在这种情况下,解码器会将错误传播回JSONDecoder.decode(_:from:)
调用)。 【参考方案4】:
问题在于,当迭代容器时,container.currentIndex 不会递增,因此您可以尝试使用不同的类型再次解码。
因为 currentIndex 是只读的,所以一个解决方案是自己增加它,成功解码一个虚拟对象。我采用了@Hamish 解决方案,并使用自定义初始化编写了一个包装器。
这个问题是当前的 Swift 错误:https://bugs.swift.org/browse/SR-5953
此处发布的解决方案是其中一个 cmets 中的解决方法。 我喜欢这个选项,因为我在网络客户端上以相同的方式解析一堆模型,并且我希望解决方案是其中一个对象的本地解决方案。也就是说,我仍然希望其他的都被丢弃。
我在我的githubhttps://github.com/phynet/Lossy-array-decode-swift4解释得更好
import Foundation
let json = """
[
"name": "Banana",
"points": 200,
"description": "A banana grown in Ecuador."
,
"name": "Orange"
]
""".data(using: .utf8)!
private struct DummyCodable: Codable
struct Groceries: Codable
var groceries: [GroceryProduct]
init(from decoder: Decoder) throws
var groceries = [GroceryProduct]()
var container = try decoder.unkeyedContainer()
while !container.isAtEnd
if let route = try? container.decode(GroceryProduct.self)
groceries.append(route)
else
_ = try? container.decode(DummyCodable.self) // <-- TRICK
self.groceries = groceries
struct GroceryProduct: Codable
var name: String
var points: Int
var description: String?
let products = try JSONDecoder().decode(Groceries.self, from: json)
print(products)
【讨论】:
一种变体,而不是if/else
,我在while
循环内使用do/catch
,以便记录错误
这个答案提到了 Swift 错误跟踪器并且有最简单的附加结构(没有泛型!)所以我认为它应该是被接受的。
这应该是公认的答案。任何破坏数据模型的答案都是不可接受的权衡。【参考方案5】:
我已经将@sophy-swicz 解决方案,经过一些修改,放入一个易于使用的扩展中
fileprivate struct DummyCodable: Codable
extension UnkeyedDecodingContainer
public mutating func decodeArray<T>(_ type: T.Type) throws -> [T] where T : Decodable
var array = [T]()
while !self.isAtEnd
do
let item = try self.decode(T.self)
array.append(item)
catch let error
print("error: \(error)")
// hack to increment currentIndex
_ = try self.decode(DummyCodable.self)
return array
extension KeyedDecodingContainerProtocol
public func decodeArray<T>(_ type: T.Type, forKey key: Self.Key) throws -> [T] where T : Decodable
var unkeyedContainer = try self.nestedUnkeyedContainer(forKey: key)
return try unkeyedContainer.decodeArray(type)
就这样称呼吧
init(from decoder: Decoder) throws
let container = try decoder.container(keyedBy: CodingKeys.self)
self.items = try container.decodeArray(ItemType.self, forKey: . items)
对于上面的例子:
let json = """
[
"name": "Banana",
"points": 200,
"description": "A banana grown in Ecuador."
,
"name": "Orange"
]
""".data(using: .utf8)!
struct Groceries: Codable
var groceries: [GroceryProduct]
init(from decoder: Decoder) throws
var container = try decoder.unkeyedContainer()
groceries = try container.decodeArray(GroceryProduct.self)
struct GroceryProduct: Codable
var name: String
var points: Int
var description: String?
let products = try JSONDecoder().decode(Groceries.self, from: json)
print(products)
【讨论】:
我已将此解决方案封装在扩展程序 github.com/IdleHandsApps/SafeDecoder 中【参考方案6】:我会创建一个新类型Throwable
,它可以包装任何符合Decodable
的类型:
enum Throwable<T: Decodable>: Decodable
case success(T)
case failure(Error)
init(from decoder: Decoder) throws
do
let decoded = try T(from: decoder)
self = .success(decoded)
catch let error
self = .failure(error)
用于解码GroceryProduct
(或任何其他Collection
)的数组:
let decoder = JSONDecoder()
let throwables = try decoder.decode([Throwable<GroceryProduct>].self, from: json)
let products = throwables.compactMap $0.value
其中value
是在Throwable
的扩展中引入的计算属性:
extension Throwable
var value: T?
switch self
case .failure(_):
return nil
case .success(let value):
return value
我会选择使用 enum
包装器类型(而不是 Struct
),因为跟踪引发的错误及其索引可能很有用。
斯威夫特 5
对于 Swift 5 考虑使用 Result
enum
例如
struct Throwable<T: Decodable>: Decodable
let result: Result<T, Error>
init(from decoder: Decoder) throws
result = Result(catching: try T(from: decoder) )
要解开解码后的值,请在 result
属性上使用 get()
方法:
let products = throwables.compactMap try? $0.result.get()
【讨论】:
我喜欢这个答案,因为我不必担心编写任何自定义init
这是我一直在寻找的解决方案。它是如此的干净和直接。谢谢你!
好方法。它真的帮助我把工作做好。谢谢。【参考方案7】:
我想出了这个KeyedDecodingContainer.safelyDecodeArray
,它提供了一个简单的界面:
extension KeyedDecodingContainer
/// The sole purpose of this `EmptyDecodable` is allowing decoder to skip an element that cannot be decoded.
private struct EmptyDecodable: Decodable
/// Return successfully decoded elements even if some of the element fails to decode.
func safelyDecodeArray<T: Decodable>(of type: T.Type, forKey key: KeyedDecodingContainer.Key) -> [T]
guard var container = try? nestedUnkeyedContainer(forKey: key) else
return []
var elements = [T]()
elements.reserveCapacity(container.count ?? 0)
while !container.isAtEnd
/*
Note:
When decoding an element fails, the decoder does not move on the next element upon failure, so that we can retry the same element again
by other means. However, this behavior potentially keeps `while !container.isAtEnd` looping forever, and Apple does not offer a `.skipFailable`
decoder option yet. As a result, `catch` needs to manually skip the failed element by decoding it into an `EmptyDecodable` that always succeed.
See the Swift ticket https://bugs.swift.org/browse/SR-5953.
*/
do
elements.append(try container.decode(T.self))
catch
if let decodingError = error as? DecodingError
Logger.error("\(#function): skipping one element: \(decodingError)")
else
Logger.error("\(#function): skipping one element: \(error)")
_ = try? container.decode(EmptyDecodable.self) // skip the current element by decoding it into an empty `Decodable`
return elements
潜在的无限循环while !container.isAtEnd
是一个问题,可以使用EmptyDecodable
解决。
【讨论】:
【参考方案8】:一个更简单的尝试: 为什么不将点声明为可选或使数组包含可选元素
let products = [GroceryProduct?]
【讨论】:
【参考方案9】:@Hamish 的回答很棒。但是,您可以将FailableCodableArray
减少为:
struct FailableCodableArray<Element : Codable> : Codable
var elements: [Element]
init(from decoder: Decoder) throws
let container = try decoder.singleValueContainer()
let elements = try container.decode([FailableDecodable<Element>].self)
self.elements = elements.compactMap $0.wrapped
func encode(to encoder: Encoder) throws
var container = encoder.singleValueContainer()
try container.encode(elements)
【讨论】:
我最喜欢的答案。不过,使用示例可能会有所帮助。【参考方案10】:我最近遇到了类似的问题,但略有不同。
struct Person: Codable
var name: String
var age: Int
var description: String?
var friendnamesArray:[String]?
在这种情况下,如果friendnamesArray
中的元素之一为nil,则解码时整个对象为nil。
处理这种极端情况的正确方法是将字符串数组[String]
声明为可选字符串数组[String?]
,如下所示,
struct Person: Codable
var name: String
var age: Int
var description: String?
var friendnamesArray:[String?]?
【讨论】:
【参考方案11】:我改进了 @Hamish 的案例,你希望所有数组都有这种行为:
private struct OptionalContainer<Base: Codable>: Codable
let base: Base?
init(from decoder: Decoder) throws
let container = try decoder.singleValueContainer()
base = try? container.decode(Base.self)
private struct OptionalArray<Base: Codable>: Codable
let result: [Base]
init(from decoder: Decoder) throws
let container = try decoder.singleValueContainer()
let tmp = try container.decode([OptionalContainer<Base>].self)
result = tmp.compactMap $0.base
extension Array where Element: Codable
init(from decoder: Decoder) throws
let optionalArray = try OptionalArray<Element>(from: decoder)
self = optionalArray.result
【讨论】:
【参考方案12】:Swift 5.1 使用属性包装器实现的解决方案:
@propertyWrapper
struct IgnoreFailure<Value: Decodable>: Decodable
var wrappedValue: [Value] = []
private struct _None: Decodable
init(from decoder: Decoder) throws
var container = try decoder.unkeyedContainer()
while !container.isAtEnd
if let decoded = try? container.decode(Value.self)
wrappedValue.append(decoded)
else
// item is silently ignored.
try? container.decode(_None.self)
然后是用法:
let json = """
"products": [
"name": "Banana",
"points": 200,
"description": "A banana grown in Ecuador."
,
"name": "Orange"
]
""".data(using: .utf8)!
struct GroceryProduct: Decodable
var name: String
var points: Int
var description: String?
struct ProductResponse: Decodable
@IgnoreFailure
var products: [GroceryProduct]
let response = try! JSONDecoder().decode(ProductResponse.self, from: json)
print(response.products) // Only contains banana.
注意:属性包装的东西只有在响应可以包装在结构中时才有效(即:不是***数组)。 在这种情况下,您仍然可以手动包装它(使用 typealias 以提高可读性):
typealias ArrayIgnoringFailure<Value: Decodable> = IgnoreFailure<Value>
let response = try! JSONDecoder().decode(ArrayIgnoringFailure<GroceryProduct>.self, from: json)
print(response.wrappedValue) // Only contains banana.
【讨论】:
【参考方案13】:相反,您也可以这样做:
struct GroceryProduct: Decodable
var name: String
var points: Int
var description: String?
'
然后在得到它的时候进入:
'let groceryList = try JSONDecoder().decode(Array<GroceryProduct>.self, from: responseData)'
【讨论】:
【参考方案14】:特点:
使用简单。可解码实例中的一行:let array: CompactDecodableArray<Int>
使用标准映射机制解码:JSONDecoder().decode(Model.self, from: data)
跳过不正确的元素(返回仅包含成功映射元素的数组)
详情
Xcode 12.1 (12A7403) 斯威夫特 5.3解决方案
class CompactDecodableArray<Element>: Decodable where Element: Decodable
private(set) var elements = [Element]()
required init(from decoder: Decoder) throws
guard var unkeyedContainer = try? decoder.unkeyedContainer() else return
while !unkeyedContainer.isAtEnd
if let value = try? unkeyedContainer.decode(Element.self)
elements.append(value)
else
unkeyedContainer.skip()
// https://forums.swift.org/t/pitch-unkeyeddecodingcontainer-movenext-to-skip-items-in-deserialization/22151/17
struct Empty: Decodable
extension UnkeyedDecodingContainer
mutating func skip() _ = try? decode(Empty.self)
用法
struct Model2: Decodable
let num: Int
let str: String
struct Model: Decodable
let num: Int
let str: String
let array1: CompactDecodableArray<Int>
let array2: CompactDecodableArray<Int>?
let array4: CompactDecodableArray<Model2>
let dictionary: [String : Any] = ["num": 1, "str": "blablabla",
"array1": [1,2,3],
"array3": [1,nil,3],
"array4": [["num": 1, "str": "a"], ["num": 2]]
]
let data = try! JSONSerialization.data(withJSONObject: dictionary)
let object = try JSONDecoder().decode(Model.self, from: data)
print("1. \(object.array1.elements)")
print("2. \(object.array2?.elements)")
print("3. \(object.array4.elements)")
控制台
1. [1, 2, 3]
2. nil
3. [__lldb_expr_25.Model2(num: 1, str: "a")]
【讨论】:
【参考方案15】:斯威夫特 5
受我之前在 Result 枚举扩展中解码的答案的启发。
你怎么看?
extension Result: Decodable where Success: Decodable, Failure == DecodingError
public init(from decoder: Decoder) throws
let container: SingleValueDecodingContainer = try decoder.singleValueContainer()
do
self = .success(try container.decode(Success.self))
catch
if let decodingError = error as? DecodingError
self = .failure(decodingError)
else
self = .failure(DecodingError.dataCorrupted(.init(codingPath: [], debugDescription: error.localizedDescription)))
用法
let listResult = try? JSONDecoder().decode([Result<SomeObject, DecodingError>].self, from: ##YOUR DATA##)
let list: [SomeObject] = listResult.compactMap try? $0.get()
【讨论】:
这是一个不错的解决方案,它使用内置的结果类型。减少编写代码。非常好。【参考方案16】:您将描述设为可选,如果有可能为 nil,您还应该将 points 字段设为可选,例如:
struct GroceryProduct: Codable
var name: String
var points: Int?
var description: String?
只要确保你安全地打开它,你认为它适合它的使用。我猜在实际用例中 nil points == 0 所以一个例子可能是:
let products = try JSONDecoder().decode([GroceryProduct].self, from: json)
for product in products
let name = product.name
let points = product.points ?? 0
let description = product.description ?? ""
ProductView(name, points, description)
或在线:
let products = try JSONDecoder().decode([GroceryProduct].self, from: json)
for product in products
ProductView(product.name, product.points ?? 0, product.description ?? "")
【讨论】:
以上是关于如果单元素解码失败,Swift JSONDecode 解码数组将失败的主要内容,如果未能解决你的问题,请参考以下文章