文件中注释的字符数（C编程）
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【中文标题】文件中注释的字符数（C编程）【英文标题】：The number of characters of comments in a file (C programming) 【发布时间】：2014-02-08 20:47:57 【问题描述】：我似乎无法正确，尝试了所有方法，但是..
int commentChars()
char str[256], fileName[256];
FILE *fp;
int i;
do
long commentCount=0;
fflush(stdin);
printf("%s\nEnter the name of the file in %s/", p, dir);
gets(fileName);
if(!(fp=fopen(fileName, "r")))
printf("Error! File not found, try again");
return 0;
while(!feof(fp))
fgets(str,sizeof str,fp);
for(int i=0;i<=sizeof str;i++)
if(str[i] == '/' && str[i+1] == '/')
commentCount += (strlen(str)-2);
fclose(fp);
printf("All the chars, contained in a comment: %ld\n", commentCount);
puts(p);
printf("Do you want to search for another file?<Y/N>: ");
i=checker();
while(i);
结果是“所有字符，包含在注释中：0”，即使我有 cmets。 我的第二个问题是.. 类似地，我如何对包含 /* */ 的 cmets 做同样的事情，这对我来说似乎是一项不可能完成的工作。
【问题讨论】：
可能是flex 的工作... 您正在使用非常危险的代码。你应该远离fflush(stdin)和gets()。
请注意，彻底完成这项工作真的很难。基础还不错，但你必须知道反斜杠换行符表示行拼接，以及字符常量（'/*' 不是注释的开头；它是一个多字符常量）和字符串（"/* this is not a comment*/" — ceci n'est pas une pipe 和马格利特？）。三元组也是一个（理论上的）问题。
您可能想考虑一下评论//// Four characters mark the start of this comment。您的代码将多少次视为注释？
【参考方案1】：
对您的代码进行这种基本上微不足道的修改会处理您代码中的几个问题。
-
你不应该这样使用
feof()——`while (!feof(file)) is always wrong。
您不应读取不属于刚刚读取的字符串的数据。
我还重构了您的代码，以便该函数获取文件名、打开、计数和关闭它，并报告它找到的内容。
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
// Revised interface - process a given file name, reporting
static void commentChars(char const *file)
char str[256];
FILE *fp;
long commentCount = 0;
if (!(fp = fopen(file, "r")))
fprintf(stderr, "Error! File %s not found\n", file);
return;
while (fgets(str, sizeof(str), fp) != 0)
int len = strlen(str);
for (int i = 0; i <= len; i++)
if (str[i] == '/' && str[i + 1] == '/')
commentCount += (strlen(str) - 2);
break;
fclose(fp);
printf("%s: Number of characters contained in comments: %ld\n", file, commentCount);
int main(int argc, char **argv)
if (argc == 1)
commentChars("/dev/stdin");
else
for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++)
commentChars(argv[i]);
return 0;
在源代码 (ccc.c) 上运行时，会产生：
ccc.c: Number of characters contained in comments: 58
评论并不完整（哎呀），但它有助于显示发生了什么。它计算 fgets() 保留作为评论一部分的换行符，但不计算 // 介绍人。
处理/* cmets 更难。您需要找出一个斜线后跟一个星号，然后阅读下一个星号斜线字符对。这可能比使用逐行输入更容易完成。至少，您需要能够将字符分析与行输入交错。
当你准备好后，你可以在你的程序上尝试这个折磨测试。它是我用来检查我的评论剥离器 SCC 的工具（它不处理三元组——通过有意识的决定；如果源包含三元组，我有一个三元组去除器，我首先在源上使用它）。
/*
@(#)File: $RCSfile: scc.test,v $
@(#)Version: $Revision: 1.7 $
@(#)Last changed: $Date: 2013/09/09 14:06:33 $
@(#)Purpose: Test file for program SCC
@(#)Author: J Leffler
*/
/*TABSTOP=4*/
// -- C++ comment
/*
Multiline C-style comment
#ifndef lint
static const char sccs[] = "@(#)$Id: scc.test,v 1.7 2013/09/09 14:06:33 jleffler Exp $";
#endif
*/
/*
Multi-line C-style comment
with embedded /* in line %C% which should generate a warning
if scc is run with the -w option
Two comment starts /* embedded /* in line %C% should generate one warning
*/
/* Comment */ Non-comment /* Comment Again */ Non-Comment Again /*
Comment again on the next line */
// A C++ comment with a C-style comment marker /* in the middle
This is plain text under C++ (C99) commenting - but comment body otherwise
// A C++ comment with a C-style comment end marker */ in the middle
The following C-style comment end marker should generate a warning
if scc is run with the -w option
*/
Two of these */ generate */ one warning
It is possible to have both warnings on a single line.
Eg:
*/ /* /* */ */
SCC has been trained to handle 'q' single quotes in most of
the aberrant forms that can be used. '\0', '\\', '\'', '\\
n' (a valid variant on '\n'), because the backslash followed
by newline is elided by the token scanning code in CPP before
any other processing occurs.
This is a legitimate equivalent to '\n' too: '\
\n', again because the backslash/newline processing occurs early.
The non-portable 'ab', '/*', '*/', '//' forms are handled OK too.
The following quote should generate a warning from SCC; a
compiler would not accept it. '
\n'
" */ /* SCC has been trained to know about strings /* */ */"!
"\"Double quotes embedded in strings, \\\" too\'!"
"And \
newlines in them"
"And escaped double quotes at the end of a string\""
aa '\\
n' OK
aa "\""
aa "\
\n"
This is followed by C++/C99 comment number 1.
// C++/C99 comment with \
continuation character \
on three source lines (this should not be seen with the -C flag)
The C++/C99 comment number 1 has finished.
This is followed by C++/C99 comment number 2.
/\
/\
C++/C99 comment (this should not be seen with the -C flag)
The C++/C99 comment number 2 has finished.
This is followed by regular C comment number 1.
/\
*\
Regular
comment
*\
/
The regular C comment number 1 has finished.
/\
\/ This is not a C++/C99 comment!
This is followed by C++/C99 comment number 3.
/\
\
\
/ But this is a C++/C99 comment!
The C++/C99 comment number 3 has finished.
/\
\* This is not a C or C++ comment!
This is followed by regular C comment number 2.
/\
*/ This is a regular C comment *\
but this is just a routine continuation *\
and that was not the end either - but this is *\
\
/
The regular C comment number 2 has finished.
This is followed by regular C comment number 3.
/\
\
\
\
* C comment */
The regular C comment number 3 has finished.
Note that \u1234 and \U0010FFF0 are legitimate Unicode characters
(officially universal character names) that could appear in an
id\u0065ntifier, a '\u0065' character constant, or in a "char\u0061cter\
string". Since these are mapped long after comments are eliminated,
they cannot affect the interpretation of /* comments */. In particular,
none of \u0002A. \U0000002A, \u002F and \U0000002F ever constitute part
of a comment delimiter ('*' or '/').
More double quoted string stuff:
if (logtable_out)
sprintf(logtable_out,
"insert into %s (bld_id, err_operation, err_expected, err_sql_stmt, err_sql_state)"
" values (\"%s\", \"%s\", \"%s\", \"", str_logtable, blade, operation, expected);
/* watch out for embedded double quotes. */
/* Non-terminated C-style comment at the end of the file
【讨论】：
【参考方案2】：我认为你最好使用正则表达式。他们看起来很可怕，但对于这样的事情，他们真的没有那么糟糕。您可以随时尝试打一些正则表达式高尔夫来练习 ;-)
我会这样处理它：
构建捕获 cmets 的正则表达式 扫描您的文件 计算匹配中的字符数使用一些regex code 和一些关于匹配comments in C 的内容，我将它组合在一起，它应该允许您计算属于块样式注释/* */ 的所有字节 - 包括分隔符。我只在 OS X 上测试过。我想你可以处理剩下的吗？
#include <regex.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define MAX_ERROR_MSG 0x1000
int compile_regex(regex_t *r, char * regex_text)
int status = regcomp (r, regex_text, REG_EXTENDED|REG_NEWLINE|REG_ENHANCED);
if (status != 0)
char error_message[MAX_ERROR_MSG];
regerror (status, r, error_message, MAX_ERROR_MSG);
printf ("Regex error compiling '%s': %s\n",
regex_text, error_message);
return 1;
return 0;
int match_regex(regex_t *r, const char * to_match, long long *nbytes)
/* Pointer to end of previous match */
const char *p = to_match;
/* Maximum number of matches */
size_t n_matches = 10;
/* Array of matches */
regmatch_t m[n_matches];
while(1)
int i = 0;
int nomatch = regexec (r, p, n_matches, m, 0);
if(nomatch)
printf("No more matches.\n");
return nomatch;
//Just handle first match (the entire match), don't care
//about groups
int start;
int finish;
start = m[0].rm_so + (p - to_match);
finish = m[0].rm_eo + (p - to_match);
*nbytes += m[0].rm_eo - m[0].rm_so;
printf("match length(bytes) : %lld\n", m[0].rm_eo - m[0].rm_so);
printf("Match: %.*s\n\n", finish - start, to_match + start);
p += m[0].rm_eo;
return 0;
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
regex_t r;
char regex_text[128] = "/\\*(.|[\r\n])*?\\*/";
long long comment_bytes = 0;
char *file_contents;
size_t input_file_size;
FILE *input_file;
if(argc != 2)
printf("Usage : %s <filename>", argv[0]);
return 0;
input_file = fopen(argv[1], "rb");
fseek(input_file, 0, SEEK_END);
input_file_size = ftell(input_file);
rewind(input_file);
file_contents = malloc(input_file_size * (sizeof(char)));
fread(file_contents, sizeof(char), input_file_size, input_file);
compile_regex(&r, regex_text);
match_regex(&r, file_contents, &comment_bytes);
regfree(&r);
printf("Found %lld bytes in comments\n", comment_bytes);
return 0;
【讨论】：
【参考方案3】：#include <stdio.h>
size_t counter(FILE *fp)
int ch, chn;
size_t count = 0;
enum none, in_line_comment, in_range_comment, in_string, in_char_constant status;
#if 0
in_range_comment : /* this */
in_line_comment : //this
in_string : "this"
in_char_constnt : ' '
#endif
status = none;
while(EOF!=(ch=fgetc(fp)))
switch(status)
case in_line_comment :
if(ch == '\n')
status = none;
++count;
continue;
case in_range_comment :
if(ch == '*')
chn = fgetc(fp);
if(chn == '/')
status = none;
continue;
ungetc(chn, fp);
++count;
continue;
case in_string :
if(ch == '\\')
chn = fgetc(fp);
if(chn == '"')
continue;
ungetc(chn, fp);
else
if(ch == '"')
status = none;
continue;
case in_char_constant :
if(ch == '\\')
chn = fgetc(fp);
if(chn == '\'')
continue;
ungetc(chn, fp);
else
if(ch == '\'')
status = none;
continue;
case none :
switch(ch)
case '/':
if('/' == (chn = fgetc(fp)))
status = in_line_comment;
continue;
else if('*' == chn)
status = in_range_comment;
continue;
else
ungetc(chn, fp);
break;
case '"':
status = in_string;
break;
case '\'':
status = in_char_constant;
break;
return count;
int main(void)
FILE *fp = stdin;
size_t c = counter(fp);
printf("%lu\n", c);
return 0;
【讨论】：
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