如何使用 kml 文件在地图上绘制路径？
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【中文标题】如何使用 kml 文件在地图上绘制路径？【英文标题】：How to draw a path on a map using kml file? 【发布时间】：2011-03-07 18:05:14 【问题描述】：我可以解析 kml 文件以在 android 中显示路径或点吗？请问你能帮我解决这个问题吗？
这是我想在 android 谷歌地图中显示的 kml 示例代码：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<kml xmlns="http://www.opengis.net/kml/2.2">
<Document>
<name>Paths</name>
<description>Examples of paths. Note that the tessellate tag is by default
set to 0. If you want to create tessellated lines, they must be authored
(or edited) directly in KML.</description>
<Style id="yellowLineGreenPoly">
<LineStyle>
<color>7f00ffff</color>
<width>4</width>
</LineStyle>
<PolyStyle>
<color>7f00ff00</color>
</PolyStyle>
</Style>
<Placemark>
<name>Absolute Extruded</name>
<description>Transparent green wall with yellow outlines</description>
<styleUrl>#yellowLineGreenPoly</styleUrl>
<LineString>
<extrude>1</extrude>
<tessellate>1</tessellate>
<altitudeMode>absolute</altitudeMode>
<coordinates> -112.2550785337791,36.07954952145647,2357
-112.2549277039738,36.08117083492122,2357
-112.2552505069063,36.08260761307279,2357
-112.2564540158376,36.08395660588506,2357
-112.2580238976449,36.08511401044813,2357
-112.2595218489022,36.08584355239394,2357
-112.2608216347552,36.08612634548589,2357
-112.262073428656,36.08626019085147,2357
-112.2633204928495,36.08621519860091,2357
-112.2644963846444,36.08627897945274,2357
-112.2656969554589,36.08649599090644,2357
</coordinates>
<LineString>
</Placemark>
</Document>
</kml>
当我将此文件加载到标准网络谷歌地图时，它会很好地显示它，但是当我尝试使用 android 谷歌地图做同样的事情时，它不会那样做。它只是带我去一些地方，就是这样。我正在考虑改变听众班。目前看起来是这样的：
private class MyLocationListener implements LocationListener
@Override
public void onLocationChanged(Location loc)
if (loc != null)
latitude = (loc.getLatitude() * 1E6);
longitude = (loc.getLongitude() * 1E6);
Toast.makeText(getBaseContext(),
"Location changed : Lat: " + latitude +
" Lng: " + longitude,
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
GeoPoint p = new GeoPoint(
(int) (loc.getLatitude() * 1E6),
(int) (loc.getLongitude() * 1E6));
mc.animateTo(p);
mapView.invalidate();
//---------------------------------------------------------------
@Override
public void onProviderDisabled(String provider)
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
@Override
public void onProviderEnabled(String provider)
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
@Override
public void onStatusChanged(String provider, int status,
Bundle extras)
//TODO Auto-generated method stub
请有人告诉我我在这里做错了什么？
【问题讨论】：
【参考方案1】：据我所知，在上面的代码中，您不会将 kml 数据传递到代码中的任何地方的 mapView。 要显示路线，您应该解析 kml 数据，即通过 SAX 解析器，然后在地图上显示路线标记。
请参阅下面的代码以获取示例，但它并不完整 - 仅供您参考并获得一些想法。
这是一个简单的 bean，用于保存我将要解析的路由信息。
package com.myapp.android.model.navigation;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
public class NavigationDataSet
private ArrayList<Placemark> placemarks = new ArrayList<Placemark>();
private Placemark currentPlacemark;
private Placemark routePlacemark;
public String toString()
String s= "";
for (Iterator<Placemark> iter=placemarks.iterator();iter.hasNext();)
Placemark p = (Placemark)iter.next();
s += p.getTitle() + "\n" + p.getDescription() + "\n\n";
return s;
public void addCurrentPlacemark()
placemarks.add(currentPlacemark);
public ArrayList<Placemark> getPlacemarks()
return placemarks;
public void setPlacemarks(ArrayList<Placemark> placemarks)
this.placemarks = placemarks;
public Placemark getCurrentPlacemark()
return currentPlacemark;
public void setCurrentPlacemark(Placemark currentPlacemark)
this.currentPlacemark = currentPlacemark;
public Placemark getRoutePlacemark()
return routePlacemark;
public void setRoutePlacemark(Placemark routePlacemark)
this.routePlacemark = routePlacemark;
以及解析 kml 的 SAX 处理程序：
package com.myapp.android.model.navigation;
import android.util.Log;
import com.myapp.android.myapp;
import org.xml.sax.Attributes;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;
import com.myapp.android.model.navigation.NavigationDataSet;
import com.myapp.android.model.navigation.Placemark;
public class NavigationSaxHandler extends DefaultHandler
// ===========================================================
// Fields
// ===========================================================
private boolean in_kmltag = false;
private boolean in_placemarktag = false;
private boolean in_nametag = false;
private boolean in_descriptiontag = false;
private boolean in_geometrycollectiontag = false;
private boolean in_linestringtag = false;
private boolean in_pointtag = false;
private boolean in_coordinatestag = false;
private StringBuffer buffer;
private NavigationDataSet navigationDataSet = new NavigationDataSet();
// ===========================================================
// Getter & Setter
// ===========================================================
public NavigationDataSet getParsedData()
navigationDataSet.getCurrentPlacemark().setCoordinates(buffer.toString().trim());
return this.navigationDataSet;
// ===========================================================
// Methods
// ===========================================================
@Override
public void startDocument() throws SAXException
this.navigationDataSet = new NavigationDataSet();
@Override
public void endDocument() throws SAXException
// Nothing to do
/** Gets be called on opening tags like:
* <tag>
* Can provide attribute(s), when xml was like:
* <tag attribute="attributeValue">*/
@Override
public void startElement(String namespaceURI, String localName,
String qName, Attributes atts) throws SAXException
if (localName.equals("kml"))
this.in_kmltag = true;
else if (localName.equals("Placemark"))
this.in_placemarktag = true;
navigationDataSet.setCurrentPlacemark(new Placemark());
else if (localName.equals("name"))
this.in_nametag = true;
else if (localName.equals("description"))
this.in_descriptiontag = true;
else if (localName.equals("GeometryCollection"))
this.in_geometrycollectiontag = true;
else if (localName.equals("LineString"))
this.in_linestringtag = true;
else if (localName.equals("point"))
this.in_pointtag = true;
else if (localName.equals("coordinates"))
buffer = new StringBuffer();
this.in_coordinatestag = true;
/** Gets be called on closing tags like:
* </tag> */
@Override
public void endElement(String namespaceURI, String localName, String qName)
throws SAXException
if (localName.equals("kml"))
this.in_kmltag = false;
else if (localName.equals("Placemark"))
this.in_placemarktag = false;
if ("Route".equals(navigationDataSet.getCurrentPlacemark().getTitle()))
navigationDataSet.setRoutePlacemark(navigationDataSet.getCurrentPlacemark());
else navigationDataSet.addCurrentPlacemark();
else if (localName.equals("name"))
this.in_nametag = false;
else if (localName.equals("description"))
this.in_descriptiontag = false;
else if (localName.equals("GeometryCollection"))
this.in_geometrycollectiontag = false;
else if (localName.equals("LineString"))
this.in_linestringtag = false;
else if (localName.equals("point"))
this.in_pointtag = false;
else if (localName.equals("coordinates"))
this.in_coordinatestag = false;
/** Gets be called on the following structure:
* <tag>characters</tag> */
@Override
public void characters(char ch[], int start, int length)
if(this.in_nametag)
if (navigationDataSet.getCurrentPlacemark()==null) navigationDataSet.setCurrentPlacemark(new Placemark());
navigationDataSet.getCurrentPlacemark().setTitle(new String(ch, start, length));
else
if(this.in_descriptiontag)
if (navigationDataSet.getCurrentPlacemark()==null) navigationDataSet.setCurrentPlacemark(new Placemark());
navigationDataSet.getCurrentPlacemark().setDescription(new String(ch, start, length));
else
if(this.in_coordinatestag)
if (navigationDataSet.getCurrentPlacemark()==null) navigationDataSet.setCurrentPlacemark(new Placemark());
//navigationDataSet.getCurrentPlacemark().setCoordinates(new String(ch, start, length));
buffer.append(ch, start, length);
还有一个简单的placeMark bean：
package com.myapp.android.model.navigation;
public class Placemark
String title;
String description;
String coordinates;
String address;
public String getTitle()
return title;
public void setTitle(String title)
this.title = title;
public String getDescription()
return description;
public void setDescription(String description)
this.description = description;
public String getCoordinates()
return coordinates;
public void setCoordinates(String coordinates)
this.coordinates = coordinates;
public String getAddress()
return address;
public void setAddress(String address)
this.address = address;
最后是我模型中调用计算的服务类：
package com.myapp.android.model.navigation;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory;
import com.myapp.android.myapp;
import org.xml.sax.InputSource;
import org.xml.sax.XMLReader;
import android.util.Log;
public class MapService
public static final int MODE_ANY = 0;
public static final int MODE_CAR = 1;
public static final int MODE_WALKING = 2;
public static String inputStreamToString (InputStream in) throws IOException
StringBuffer out = new StringBuffer();
byte[] b = new byte[4096];
for (int n; (n = in.read(b)) != -1;)
out.append(new String(b, 0, n));
return out.toString();
public static NavigationDataSet calculateRoute(Double startLat, Double startLng, Double targetLat, Double targetLng, int mode)
return calculateRoute(startLat + "," + startLng, targetLat + "," + targetLng, mode);
public static NavigationDataSet calculateRoute(String startCoords, String targetCoords, int mode)
String urlPedestrianMode = "http://maps.google.com/maps?" + "saddr=" + startCoords + "&daddr="
+ targetCoords + "&sll=" + startCoords + "&dirflg=w&hl=en&ie=UTF8&z=14&output=kml";
Log.d(myapp.APP, "urlPedestrianMode: "+urlPedestrianMode);
String urlCarMode = "http://maps.google.com/maps?" + "saddr=" + startCoords + "&daddr="
+ targetCoords + "&sll=" + startCoords + "&hl=en&ie=UTF8&z=14&output=kml";
Log.d(myapp.APP, "urlCarMode: "+urlCarMode);
NavigationDataSet navSet = null;
// for mode_any: try pedestrian route calculation first, if it fails, fall back to car route
if (mode==MODE_ANY||mode==MODE_WALKING) navSet = MapService.getNavigationDataSet(urlPedestrianMode);
if (mode==MODE_ANY&&navSet==null||mode==MODE_CAR) navSet = MapService.getNavigationDataSet(urlCarMode);
return navSet;
/**
* Retrieve navigation data set from either remote URL or String
* @param url
* @return navigation set
*/
public static NavigationDataSet getNavigationDataSet(String url)
// urlString = "http://192.168.1.100:80/test.kml";
Log.d(myapp.APP,"urlString -->> " + url);
NavigationDataSet navigationDataSet = null;
try
final URL aUrl = new URL(url);
final URLConnection conn = aUrl.openConnection();
conn.setReadTimeout(15 * 1000); // timeout for reading the google maps data: 15 secs
conn.connect();
/* Get a SAXParser from the SAXPArserFactory. */
SAXParserFactory spf = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
SAXParser sp = spf.newSAXParser();
/* Get the XMLReader of the SAXParser we created. */
XMLReader xr = sp.getXMLReader();
/* Create a new ContentHandler and apply it to the XML-Reader*/
NavigationSaxHandler navSax2Handler = new NavigationSaxHandler();
xr.setContentHandler(navSax2Handler);
/* Parse the xml-data from our URL. */
xr.parse(new InputSource(aUrl.openStream()));
/* Our NavigationSaxHandler now provides the parsed data to us. */
navigationDataSet = navSax2Handler.getParsedData();
/* Set the result to be displayed in our GUI. */
Log.d(myapp.APP,"navigationDataSet: "+navigationDataSet.toString());
catch (Exception e)
// Log.e(myapp.APP, "error with kml xml", e);
navigationDataSet = null;
return navigationDataSet;
绘图：
/**
* Does the actual drawing of the route, based on the geo points provided in the nav set
*
* @param navSet Navigation set bean that holds the route information, incl. geo pos
* @param color Color in which to draw the lines
* @param mMapView01 Map view to draw onto
*/
public void drawPath(NavigationDataSet navSet, int color, MapView mMapView01)
Log.d(myapp.APP, "map color before: " + color);
// color correction for dining, make it darker
if (color == Color.parseColor("#add331")) color = Color.parseColor("#6C8715");
Log.d(myapp.APP, "map color after: " + color);
Collection overlaysToAddAgain = new ArrayList();
for (Iterator iter = mMapView01.getOverlays().iterator(); iter.hasNext();)
Object o = iter.next();
Log.d(myapp.APP, "overlay type: " + o.getClass().getName());
if (!RouteOverlay.class.getName().equals(o.getClass().getName()))
// mMapView01.getOverlays().remove(o);
overlaysToAddAgain.add(o);
mMapView01.getOverlays().clear();
mMapView01.getOverlays().addAll(overlaysToAddAgain);
String path = navSet.getRoutePlacemark().getCoordinates();
Log.d(myapp.APP, "path=" + path);
if (path != null && path.trim().length() > 0)
String[] pairs = path.trim().split(" ");
Log.d(myapp.APP, "pairs.length=" + pairs.length);
String[] lngLat = pairs[0].split(","); // lngLat[0]=longitude lngLat[1]=latitude lngLat[2]=height
Log.d(myapp.APP, "lnglat =" + lngLat + ", length: " + lngLat.length);
if (lngLat.length<3) lngLat = pairs[1].split(","); // if first pair is not transferred completely, take seconds pair //TODO
try
GeoPoint startGP = new GeoPoint((int) (Double.parseDouble(lngLat[1]) * 1E6), (int) (Double.parseDouble(lngLat[0]) * 1E6));
mMapView01.getOverlays().add(new RouteOverlay(startGP, startGP, 1));
GeoPoint gp1;
GeoPoint gp2 = startGP;
for (int i = 1; i < pairs.length; i++) // the last one would be crash
lngLat = pairs[i].split(",");
gp1 = gp2;
if (lngLat.length >= 2 && gp1.getLatitudeE6() > 0 && gp1.getLongitudeE6() > 0
&& gp2.getLatitudeE6() > 0 && gp2.getLongitudeE6() > 0)
// for GeoPoint, first:latitude, second:longitude
gp2 = new GeoPoint((int) (Double.parseDouble(lngLat[1]) * 1E6), (int) (Double.parseDouble(lngLat[0]) * 1E6));
if (gp2.getLatitudeE6() != 22200000)
mMapView01.getOverlays().add(new RouteOverlay(gp1, gp2, 2, color));
Log.d(myapp.APP, "draw:" + gp1.getLatitudeE6() + "/" + gp1.getLongitudeE6() + " TO " + gp2.getLatitudeE6() + "/" + gp2.getLongitudeE6());
// Log.d(myapp.APP,"pair:" + pairs[i]);
//routeOverlays.add(new RouteOverlay(gp2,gp2, 3));
mMapView01.getOverlays().add(new RouteOverlay(gp2, gp2, 3));
catch (NumberFormatException e)
Log.e(myapp.APP, "Cannot draw route.", e);
// mMapView01.getOverlays().addAll(routeOverlays); // use the default color
mMapView01.setEnabled(true);
这是 RouteOverlay 类：
package com.myapp.android.activity.map.nav;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.graphics.Paint;
import android.graphics.Point;
import android.graphics.RectF;
import com.google.android.maps.GeoPoint;
import com.google.android.maps.MapView;
import com.google.android.maps.Overlay;
import com.google.android.maps.Projection;
public class RouteOverlay extends Overlay
private GeoPoint gp1;
private GeoPoint gp2;
private int mRadius=6;
private int mode=0;
private int defaultColor;
private String text="";
private Bitmap img = null;
public RouteOverlay(GeoPoint gp1,GeoPoint gp2,int mode) // GeoPoint is a int. (6E)
this.gp1 = gp1;
this.gp2 = gp2;
this.mode = mode;
defaultColor = 999; // no defaultColor
public RouteOverlay(GeoPoint gp1,GeoPoint gp2,int mode, int defaultColor)
this.gp1 = gp1;
this.gp2 = gp2;
this.mode = mode;
this.defaultColor = defaultColor;
public void setText(String t)
this.text = t;
public void setBitmap(Bitmap bitmap)
this.img = bitmap;
public int getMode()
return mode;
@Override
public boolean draw (Canvas canvas, MapView mapView, boolean shadow, long when)
Projection projection = mapView.getProjection();
if (shadow == false)
Paint paint = new Paint();
paint.setAntiAlias(true);
Point point = new Point();
projection.toPixels(gp1, point);
// mode=1：start
if(mode==1)
if(defaultColor==999)
paint.setColor(Color.BLACK); // Color.BLUE
else
paint.setColor(defaultColor);
RectF oval=new RectF(point.x - mRadius, point.y - mRadius,
point.x + mRadius, point.y + mRadius);
// start point
canvas.drawOval(oval, paint);
// mode=2：path
else if(mode==2)
if(defaultColor==999)
paint.setColor(Color.RED);
else
paint.setColor(defaultColor);
Point point2 = new Point();
projection.toPixels(gp2, point2);
paint.setStrokeWidth(5);
paint.setAlpha(defaultColor==Color.parseColor("#6C8715")?220:120);
canvas.drawLine(point.x, point.y, point2.x,point2.y, paint);
/* mode=3：end */
else if(mode==3)
/* the last path */
if(defaultColor==999)
paint.setColor(Color.BLACK); // Color.GREEN
else
paint.setColor(defaultColor);
Point point2 = new Point();
projection.toPixels(gp2, point2);
paint.setStrokeWidth(5);
paint.setAlpha(defaultColor==Color.parseColor("#6C8715")?220:120);
canvas.drawLine(point.x, point.y, point2.x,point2.y, paint);
RectF oval=new RectF(point2.x - mRadius,point2.y - mRadius,
point2.x + mRadius,point2.y + mRadius);
/* end point */
paint.setAlpha(255);
canvas.drawOval(oval, paint);
return super.draw(canvas, mapView, shadow, when);
【讨论】：
另外，您可能会对这个链接感兴趣：csie-tw.blogspot.com/2009/06/… 您能否提供一个您在 SO 中提交的代码的工作示例。也许是 KML 和 SAxParsing 的一个简单示例。或者我可以下载的某个网站。我是新手，我更喜欢从工作示例中学习。谢谢。 我没有独立的样本/apk。我的示例紧密集成到我已经完成的商业应用程序中。您可以从谷歌地图网络服务器获取任何 kml，只需计算一条路线，然后从浏览器获取该路线计算的 url，并将 &output=kml 添加到 url，这将为您提供 kml 文件。 我已经在 public void characters(char ch[], int start, int length) 方法中打印了一个，这样我就可以检查所有的解析值。几乎在解析文件的最后，它显示了两点之间的完整距离 -->900 m（约 11 分钟）地图数据 ©2011 Google。有人知道如何获得这个值吗？是否需要在 end- 和 startElement 方法中创建额外的标签？ 警告未来发现此代码的人，characters() 方法不正确。你永远不应该假设单个 characters() 方法调用将包含标签的所有文本内容。【参考方案2】：感谢 Mathias Lin，测试成功！
另外，在activity中Mathias方法的示例实现如下。
public class DirectionMapActivity extends MapActivity
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.directionmap);
MapView mapView = (MapView) findViewById(R.id.mapview);
mapView.setBuiltInZoomControls(true);
// Acquire a reference to the system Location Manager
LocationManager locationManager = (LocationManager) this.getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);
String locationProvider = LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER;
Location lastKnownLocation = locationManager.getLastKnownLocation(locationProvider);
StringBuilder urlString = new StringBuilder();
urlString.append("http://maps.google.com/maps?f=d&hl=en");
urlString.append("&saddr=");//from
urlString.append( Double.toString(lastKnownLocation.getLatitude() ));
urlString.append(",");
urlString.append( Double.toString(lastKnownLocation.getLongitude() ));
urlString.append("&daddr=");//to
urlString.append( Double.toString((double)dest[0]/1.0E6 ));
urlString.append(",");
urlString.append( Double.toString((double)dest[1]/1.0E6 ));
urlString.append("&ie=UTF8&0&om=0&output=kml");
try
// setup the url
URL url = new URL(urlString.toString());
// create the factory
SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
// create a parser
SAXParser parser = factory.newSAXParser();
// create the reader (scanner)
XMLReader xmlreader = parser.getXMLReader();
// instantiate our handler
NavigationSaxHandler navSaxHandler = new NavigationSaxHandler();
// assign our handler
xmlreader.setContentHandler(navSaxHandler);
// get our data via the url class
InputSource is = new InputSource(url.openStream());
// perform the synchronous parse
xmlreader.parse(is);
// get the results - should be a fully populated RSSFeed instance, or null on error
NavigationDataSet ds = navSaxHandler.getParsedData();
// draw path
drawPath(ds, Color.parseColor("#add331"), mapView );
// find boundary by using itemized overlay
GeoPoint destPoint = new GeoPoint(dest[0],dest[1]);
GeoPoint currentPoint = new GeoPoint( new Double(lastKnownLocation.getLatitude()*1E6).intValue()
,new Double(lastKnownLocation.getLongitude()*1E6).intValue() );
Drawable dot = this.getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.pixel);
MapItemizedOverlay bgItemizedOverlay = new MapItemizedOverlay(dot,this);
OverlayItem currentPixel = new OverlayItem(destPoint, null, null );
OverlayItem destPixel = new OverlayItem(currentPoint, null, null );
bgItemizedOverlay.addOverlay(currentPixel);
bgItemizedOverlay.addOverlay(destPixel);
// center and zoom in the map
MapController mc = mapView.getController();
mc.zoomToSpan(bgItemizedOverlay.getLatSpanE6()*2,bgItemizedOverlay.getLonSpanE6()*2);
mc.animateTo(new GeoPoint(
(currentPoint.getLatitudeE6() + destPoint.getLatitudeE6()) / 2
, (currentPoint.getLongitudeE6() + destPoint.getLongitudeE6()) / 2));
catch(Exception e)
Log.d("DirectionMap","Exception parsing kml.");
// and the rest of the methods in activity, e.g. drawPath() etc...
MapItemizedOverlay.java
public class MapItemizedOverlay extends ItemizedOverlay
private ArrayList<OverlayItem> mOverlays = new ArrayList<OverlayItem>();
private Context mContext;
public MapItemizedOverlay(Drawable defaultMarker, Context context)
super(boundCenterBottom(defaultMarker));
mContext = context;
public void addOverlay(OverlayItem overlay)
mOverlays.add(overlay);
populate();
@Override
protected OverlayItem createItem(int i)
return mOverlays.get(i);
@Override
public int size()
return mOverlays.size();
【讨论】：
嗨 alvinsj，是否可以公开一个执行上述功能的工作项目？非常感谢。【参考方案3】：Google Maps KML Importing Utility 现在有一个测试版。
它是Google Maps Android API Utility Library 的一部分。如文档所述，它允许从流中加载 KML 文件
KmlLayer layer = new KmlLayer(getMap(), kmlInputStream, getApplicationContext());
或本地资源
KmlLayer layer = new KmlLayer(getMap(), R.raw.kmlFile, getApplicationContext());
创建 KmlLayer 后，调用 addLayerToMap() 将导入的数据添加到地图上。
layer.addLayerToMap();
【讨论】：
【参考方案4】：Mathias Lin 代码运行良好。但是，您可能需要考虑在 drawPath 方法中更改此部分：
if (lngLat.length >= 2 && gp1.getLatitudeE6() > 0 && gp1.getLongitudeE6() > 0
&& gp2.getLatitudeE6() > 0 && gp2.getLongitudeE6() > 0)
GeoPoint 也可以小于零，我切换到：
if (lngLat.length >= 2 && gp1.getLatitudeE6() != 0 && gp1.getLongitudeE6() != 0
&& gp2.getLatitudeE6() != 0 && gp2.getLongitudeE6() != 0)
谢谢你：D
【讨论】：
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