有人为 MSP430 的 IAR Embedded Workbench 实现了 __getzone() 吗?
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【中文标题】有人为 MSP430 的 IAR Embedded Workbench 实现了 __getzone() 吗?【英文标题】:Has anyone implemented __getzone() for IAR Embedded Workbench for MSP430? 【发布时间】:2014-06-25 03:30:56 【问题描述】:我必须在我的应用程序中处理一些时间转换。我想尽可能地坚持使用标准库函数。现在我使用 time_t 结构作为我的系统时基。但是,某些设备可以将时间同步到我的设备,该时间可能是也可能不是 UTC。此外,我的设备会与另一台设备同步时间,并且该时间将始终为 UTC。
无论如何,我可以询问用户正在同步到我的设备的时间的时区是什么,以及他们是否使用 DST。当我的设备获得时间同步时,我可以使用 mktime 直接生成我的时间戳(我的设备系统时间需要与它们同步的时间相匹配以用于时间戳目的,否则我必须不断进行转换),然后我可以如果我知道我的时间同步来自非 UTC 来源,请使用 gmtime() 获取 UTC 时间。问题是默认情况下 localtime() 和 gmtime() 将返回相同的值,因为默认情况下库会认为它是直接 UTC 时间并且没有 DST 或时区偏移。
所以,我认为解决这个问题的方法是实现并覆盖库的__getzone函数。
来自 EW430_CompilerReference.pdf 的第 106 页
要使 __time32、__time64 和日期函数正常工作,您必须实现 函数时钟、__time32、__time64 和 __getzone。是否使用 __time32 或 __time64 取决于您为 time_t 使用的接口,请参见 time.h,第 304 页。
...
__getzone 的默认实现指定 UTC(协调通用 Time) 作为时区。
Q1:我的推理是否走在正确的轨道上,即实现我想要的最佳方法是实现这个 __getzone 函数?
我犹豫的原因是因为 __getzone 返回的值是一个奇怪的字符串,格式如下:
:[XXX[:YYY[:NNN[:DST[:DST ...]]]]]]
其中 XXX 是标准时区名称(例如 GMT-5 表示 EST),YYY 是夏令时时区名称(例如 GMT-4 表示 EST),NNN 是与 UTC 的数字偏移量,格式为 HHMM(并且可以有a - 符号)。然后 DST 为夏令时规则指定了一个选项字符串,这些选项具有自己令人讨厌的格式。
无论如何,这对我来说现在应该很简单,因为我只担心拥有相同 DST 规则的加拿大和美国。
Q2:有没有人有任何用于形成该字符串的示例代码,以便我可以检查我对此的理解?
【问题讨论】:
【参考方案1】:这是我对 __getzone() 的实现。所以现在我的系统时基将是 UTC。当用户配置我的系统时,如果时间源不提供 UTC,我会询问他们的当地时间。然后,当他们向我的系统提供时间同步时,他们提供的时间将通过调用 MKTIME 转换为 UTC(这将考虑 DST 规则)。然后,当时间返回给用户时,它将通过调用 localtime() 来完成。
在实现这一点的过程中我们了解到的另一件事是 IAR 的 MKTIME() 实现将调用 __getzone(),但除非将 tm_isdst 设置为“-1”,否则不会考虑 DST 规则。 -1 调用 MKTIME() 根据规则判断是否应用夏令时。
/*!
* \brief Overrides default library function __getzone to support different time
* zones and DST rules.
* \returns Pointer to a const string containing the timezone + dst rules
*
* This function supports all time zones and DST rules for the U.S. and Canada.
*
* \par IAR Notes
* The return value should be a string on the following form:
* \code
* :[XXX[:YYY[:NNN[:DST[:DST ...]]]]]
* \endcode
* \par
* Where \b XXX is the standard time-zone name, \b YYY is the daylight
* savings time-zone name, \b NNN is the time zone offset, and the DSTs
* are the daylight savings time rules. Daylight savings time will add
* one hour to the normal time.
* \par
* The time zone offset \b NNN is specified as a number relative to UTC,
* possibly negative (east is positive), on the format HHMM, where HH
* is hours and MM is minutes.
* \par
* The DSTs specifes a set of rules for how daylight savings time is
* applied. The rules must be sorted in increasing date order starting
* from the earliest date. The first rule for a specific year will
* enable DST, the next will disable it, and so on. Each rule is on
* the following form:
* \code
* [(YYYY)]MMDD[HH][-W|+W]
* \endcode
*
* * \b (YYYY) is the first year the daylight savings rule was applied.
* It is optional. If not specified it will default to the same
* year as the previous rule or zero if no previous rule.
* * \b MM is the month number (1-12).
* * \b DD is the day of the month (1-31).
* * \b HH is the hour number in a 24-hour day (optional, defaults to 0).
* * \b +/-W specifies the day of the week the rule takes effect (where
* Sunday = 0, Monday = 1, etc). +W means that the rule applies
* to the first such day on or after the specified date and -W
* strictly before the date. If this is not specified, the rule
* will take effect on the exact date, regardless of the day of
* the week.
*
* \par Example
* U.S. Eastern Standard time is UTC -5. Eastern Daylight time is UTC -4.
* Daylight time goes into affect on the second sunday of March at 2:00AM local
* time. Daylight time ends on the first sunday of November at 2:00AM local
* time. The law that defines this went into affect in 2007.
* Therefore here is how the DST string is constructed:
* | \| | STD Time | \| | DST Time | \| | UTC Offset | \| | DST Rule Year | Month DST Starts | Day DST Starts | Hour DST Starts | Day of Week | \| | Month DST Ends | Day DST Ends | Hour DST Ends | Day of Week |
* |----|----------|----|----------|----|------------|----|---------------|------------------|----------------|-----------------|-------------|----|----------------|--------------|---------------|-------------|
* | : | XXX | : | YYY | : | NNN | : | (YYYY) | MM | DD* | HH | +/-W** | : | MM | DD | HH | +/-W |
* | : | GMT-5 | : | GMT-4 | : | -0500 | : | (2007) | 03 | 08 | 02 | +0 | : | 11 | 01 | 02 | +0 |
* - * An 8 for the day means that DST will start around the 8th day of the
* month. Or that the +/-W parameter is relative to the 8th day of the month.
* - ** A + here means that the DST rule will start \b on or \b after the
* previously specified day (the 8th). 0 means that it should happen on a
* sunday. Therefore if the 8th is a sunday (and the 8th cannot be the first
* sunday of the month) then the rule will take affect on that day - or it
* will happen on the very next sunday.
* \par
* Result:
* \code
* :GMT-5:GMT-4:-0500:(2007)030802+0:110102+0
* \endcode
*
* \sa
* - time_zones - Supported time zones
*/
const char8_t * __getzone(void)
const char8_t *current_zone = NULL;
static const char8_t dst_time_zones[][50] =
// UTC time
":GMT+0:GMT+0:0000:0",
// Newfoundland Standard Time UTC – 3:30
":GMT-3:GMT-2:-0330:(2007)030802+0:110102+0",
// Atlantic Standard Time, UTC – 4
":GMT-4:GMT-3:-0400:(2007)030802+0:110102+0",
// Eastern Standard Time, UTC – 5
":GMT-5:GMT-4:-0500:(2007)030802+0:110102+0",
// Central Standard Time, UTC – 6
":GMT-6:GMT-5:-0600:(2007)030802+0:110102+0",
// Mountain Standard Time, UTC – 7
":GMT-7:GMT-6:-0700:(2007)030802+0:110102+0",
// Pacific Standard Time, UTC – 8
":GMT-8:GMT-7:-0800:(2007)030802+0:110102+0",
// Alaska Standard Time, UTC – 9
":GMT-9:GMT-8:-0900:(2007)030802+0:110102+0",
// Hawaii-Aleutian Standard Time, UTC – 10
":GMT-10:GMT-9:-1000:(2007)030802+0:110102+0"
;
static const char8_t std_time_zones[][20] =
// UTC time
":GMT+0:GMT+0:0000",
// Newfoundland Standard Time UTC – 3:30
":GMT-3:GMT-2:-0330",
// Atlantic Standard Time, UTC – 4
":GMT-4:GMT-3:-0400",
// Eastern Standard Time, UTC – 5
":GMT-5:GMT-4:-0500",
// Central Standard Time, UTC – 6
":GMT-6:GMT-5:-0600",
// Mountain Standard Time, UTC – 7
":GMT-7:GMT-6:-0700",
// Pacific Standard Time, UTC – 8
":GMT-8:GMT-7:-0800",
// Alaska Standard Time, UTC – 9
":GMT-9:GMT-8:-0900",
// Hawaii-Aleutian Standard Time, UTC – 10
":GMT-10:GMT-9:-1000"
;
switch(get_config()->time_zone)
case NST:
if(get_config()->b_dst)
current_zone = dst_time_zones[NST];
else
current_zone = std_time_zones[NST];
break;
case AST:
if(get_config()->b_dst)
current_zone = dst_time_zones[AST];
else
current_zone = std_time_zones[AST];
break;
case EST:
if(get_config()->b_dst)
current_zone = dst_time_zones[EST];
else
current_zone = std_time_zones[EST];
break;
case CST:
if(get_config()->b_dst)
current_zone = dst_time_zones[CST];
else
current_zone = std_time_zones[CST];
break;
case MST:
if(get_config()->b_dst)
current_zone = dst_time_zones[MST];
else
current_zone = std_time_zones[MST];
break;
case PST:
if(get_config()->b_dst)
current_zone = dst_time_zones[PST];
else
current_zone = std_time_zones[PST];
break;
case AKST:
if(get_config()->b_dst)
current_zone = dst_time_zones[AKST];
else
current_zone = std_time_zones[AKST];
break;
case HAST:
if(get_config()->b_dst)
current_zone = dst_time_zones[HAST];
else
current_zone = std_time_zones[HAST];
break;
case UTC:
default:
current_zone = std_time_zones[UTC];
break;
return current_zone;
【讨论】:
感谢您回来展示您所做的事情。 +1 Np - 如果您有任何问题,请告诉我!【参考方案2】:上面的乌克兰规则并不完全正确,因为它不适用于 31 日的星期日。如果您阅读了 getzone.c 中的规则,则 -W 表示此日期之前的星期日。
+/-W specifies the day of the week the rule takes effect (where Sunday = 0, Monday = 1, etc). +W means that the rule applies to the first such day on or after the specified date and -W strictly before the date. If this is not specified, the rule will take effect on the exact date, regardless of the day of the week.
正确的规则如下
char const * __getzone()
return ":GMT+2:GMT+3:0200:(1996)032503+0:102504+0";
// Ukraine; rule: (last Sun (March | October) )
【讨论】:
【参考方案3】:char const * __getzone()
return ":GMT+2:GMT+3:0200:(1996)033103-0:103104-0";
// Ukraine; rule: (last Sun (March | October) )
【讨论】:
我认为这是有道理的,但请确保我理解:对于该月的某一天,您有 '31' 和 -0 表示这一天。因此,它是最接近该月最后一天的上一个星期日。【参考方案4】:对于德国,您可以使用:
char const * __getzone()
return ":GMT+1:GMT+2:0100:032502+0:102502+0";
乌克兰的错误或我的错误,但我用实际设备测试了我的并得到了正确的结果。这是我的测试:
//Forward
time_t ts = 1490489997L;//26.03.2017-01:59:57 3 seconds before dst
struct tm* pre = localtime(&ts);
time_t after = ts + 5L;//wait 5 seconds -> 26.03.2017-03:00:02
struct tm* post = localtime(&after);
//Backward
time_t ts = 1509238797L;//29.10.2017-02:59:57 3 seconds before dst
struct tm* pre = localtime(&ts);
time_t after = ts + 5L;//wait 5 seconds -> 29.10.2017-02:00:02
struct tm* post = localtime(&after);
最好的问候 迈克尔
【讨论】:
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