将 PHP 数组转换为 JSON 树

Posted 2023-02-19

【中文标题】将 PHP 数组转换为 JSON 树

【英文标题】：Convert PHP array to JSON tree

【发布时间】：2011-05-18 17:30:34

【问题描述】：

我有一个这种格式的数组：

array(
    array('id' => 1, 'parent_id' => null, 'name' => 'lorem ipsum'),
    array('id' => 2, 'parent_id' => 1, 'name' => 'lorem ipsum1'),
    array('id' => 3, 'parent_id' => 1, 'name' => 'lorem ipsum2'),
    array('id' => 4, 'parent_id' => 2, 'name' => 'lorem ipsum3'),
    array('id' => 5, 'parent_id' => 3, 'name' => 'lorem ipsum4'),
    array('id' => 6, 'parent_id' => null, 'name' => 'lorem ipsum5'),
);

我必须将此数组转换为具有这种样式的 json 对象：

var json =   
    id: "1",  
    name: "loreim ipsum",  
    data: ,  
    children: [  
        id: "2",  
        name: "lorem ipsum1",  
        data: ,  
        children: [  
            id: "3",  
            name: "lorem ipsum2",  
            data: ,  
            children: [
            ..............

我该怎么做？谢谢。

【问题讨论】：

我不明白你的最终数据应该是什么样子。在您的示例数据中，第 1 项和第 6 项都没有父项，但您的示例输出设计为只有一个根元素。

JSON 可以有多个根元素，结果只是示例。

否 - 不是您在此处定义的方式。无论如何，“根元素”在这里只是概念性的。你不能这样做var json = "id":1, "id": 6; 并得到你想要的，因为你最终会得到"id": 6。但是，如果您的“根”是一个数组（而不是一个对象），那么这将起作用 - 即 var json = ["id": 1, "id": 6]

【参考方案1】：

我的解决方案：

$data = array(
    array('id' => 1, 'parent_id' => null, 'name' => 'lorem ipsum'),
    array('id' => 2, 'parent_id' => 1, 'name' => 'lorem ipsum1'),
    array('id' => 3, 'parent_id' => 1, 'name' => 'lorem ipsum2'),
    array('id' => 4, 'parent_id' => 2, 'name' => 'lorem ipsum3'),
    array('id' => 5, 'parent_id' => 3, 'name' => 'lorem ipsum4'),
    array('id' => 6, 'parent_id' => null, 'name' => 'lorem ipsum5'),
);

$itemsByReference = array();

// Build array of item references:
foreach($data as $key => &$item) 
   $itemsByReference[$item['id']] = &$item;
   // Children array:
   $itemsByReference[$item['id']]['children'] = array();
   // Empty data class (so that json_encode adds "data: " ) 
   $itemsByReference[$item['id']]['data'] = new StdClass();


// Set items as children of the relevant parent item.
foreach($data as $key => &$item)
   if($item['parent_id'] && isset($itemsByReference[$item['parent_id']]))
      $itemsByReference [$item['parent_id']]['children'][] = &$item;

// Remove items that were added to parents elsewhere:
foreach($data as $key => &$item) 
   if($item['parent_id'] && isset($itemsByReference[$item['parent_id']]))
      unset($data[$key]);


// Encode:
$json = json_encode($data);

【参考方案2】：

这是执行您需要的代码。它不需要项在数组中按父子顺序排列，但如果它们是，则会更快地完成。

请研究 cmets 以了解代码在做什么以及为什么；如果你还有问题，也可以问他们！

// Assume your array is $data

$root = new stdClass; // this is your root item
$objectMap = array(); // this holds objects indexed by their id

// Since we need to iterate over the array, but there may be no guarantee
// that an item's parent will be always encountered before the item itself,
// we loop as many times as needed, skipping items whose parent we have not
// yet seen. Hopefully we will see it later and be able to process these
// items in the next iteration.
while (!empty($data)) 

    // Remember how many items there are when starting the loop
    $count = count($data);

    // Do the actual work!
    foreach ($data as $key => $row) 
        $parentId = $row['parent_id'];

        if ($parentId === null) 
            // We just met the root element
            $current = $root;
        
        else if (isset($objectMap[$parentId])) 
            // We met an element with a parent that we have already seen
            $current = new stdClass;
        
        else 
            // We met an element with an unknown parent; ignore it for now
            continue;
        

        // Put the current element on the map so that its children will
        // be able to find it when we meet them
        $objectMap[$row['id']] = $current;

        // Add the item to its parent's children array
        $objectMap[$parentId]->children[] = $current;

        // Set the item's properties
        $current->id = $row['id'];
        $current->name = $row['name'];
        $current->data = new stdClass; // always empty
        $current->children = array();

        // We successfully processed this, remove it (see why below!)
        unset($data[$key]);
    

    // OK, we looped over the array once. If the number of items has
    // not been reduced at all, it means that the array contains only
    // items whose parents do not exist. Instead of looping forever,
    // let's just take what we are given and stop here.
    if ($count == count($data)) 
        break;
    

    // If there are still items in $data, we will now iterate again
    // in the hope of being able to process them in the next iteration


// All set! If $data is not empty now, it means there were items
// with invalid parent_ids to begin with.
$output = json_encode($root);

【讨论】：

这对我不起作用——即使在修复了第 38 行的错误 $objectMap[$parentId]->children[] = $current;

修复了第 38 行（它是一个对象，而不是数组）和第 35 行（设置$current = new stdClass，重构遗留下来的）上的愚蠢错误。现在可以使用，感谢您指出错误。

【参考方案3】：

我的看法（我知道一个答案已被接受，但我已经解决了这个问题，所以我要发布 id =P）

// Test data
$data = array(
    array('id' => 1, 'parent_id' => null, 'name' => 'lorem ipsum'),
    array('id' => 2, 'parent_id' => 1, 'name' => 'lorem ipsum1'),
    array('id' => 3, 'parent_id' => 1, 'name' => 'lorem ipsum2'),
    array('id' => 4, 'parent_id' => 2, 'name' => 'lorem ipsum3'),
    array('id' => 5, 'parent_id' => 3, 'name' => 'lorem ipsum4'),
    array('id' => 6, 'parent_id' => null, 'name' => 'lorem ipsum5'),
);

// Randomize, because the data may not be in a top-down order
shuffle( $data );

// Parse and inspect the result
$builder = new TreeBuilder( $data );
echo '<pre>', print_r( $builder->getTree() ), '</pre>';


class TreeBuilder

  protected $leafIndex = array();
  protected $tree      = array();
  protected $stack;

  function __construct( $data )
  
    $this->stack = $data;

    while( count( $this->stack ) )
    
      $this->branchify( array_shift( $this->stack ) );
    
  

  protected function branchify( &$leaf )
  
    // Root-level leaf?
    if ( null === $leaf['parent_id'] )
    
      $this->addLeaf( $this->tree, $leaf );
    
    // Have we found this leaf's parent yet?
    else if ( isset( $this->leafIndex[$leaf['parent_id']] ) )
    
      $this->addLeaf( $this->leafIndex[$leaf['parent_id']]['children'], $leaf );
     else 
      // Nope, put it back on the stack
      $this->stack[] = $leaf;
    
  

  protected function addLeaf( &$branch, $leaf )
  
    // Add the leaf to the branch
    $branch[] = array(
        'id'       => $leaf['id']
      , 'name'     => $leaf['name']
      , 'data'     => new stdClass
      , 'children' => array()
    );

    // Store a reference so we can do an O(1) lookup later
    $this->leafIndex[$leaf['id']] = &$branch[count($branch)-1];
  

  protected function addChild( $branch, $leaf )
  
    $this->leafIndex[$leaf['id']] &= $branch['children'][] = $leaf;
  

  public function getTree()
  
    return $this->tree;