如何从 jar 文件中读取文件？
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【中文标题】如何从 jar 文件中读取文件？【英文标题】：How to read a file from a jar file? 【发布时间】：2011-01-17 08:00:30 【问题描述】：我在 JAR 文件中有一个文件。例如，1.txt。
如何访问它？我的源代码是：
Double result=0.0;
File file = new File("1.txt")); //how get this file from a jar file
BufferedReader input = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(file));
String line;
while ((line = input.readLine()) != null)
if(me==Integer.parseInt(line.split(":")[0]))
result= parseDouble(line.split(":")[1]);
input.close();
return result;
【问题讨论】：
见***.com/questions/16842306 How do I read a resource file from a Java jar file?的可能重复 How to a read file from jar in Java?的可能重复 【参考方案1】：如果你的 jar 在类路径中：
InputStream is = YourClass.class.getResourceAsStream("1.txt");
如果它不在类路径上，那么您可以通过以下方式访问它：
URL url = new URL("jar:file:/absolute/location/of/yourJar.jar!/1.txt");
InputStream is = url.openStream();
【讨论】：
还要确保在 jar 之后包含那个感叹号。这不是可选的。 有没有办法测试这个？ （使用 jUnit、testNG、Spock、...）。我试过了，但在测试期间从未找到文件。 感谢您的回答。这部分“url.openStream();”是我需要的。【参考方案2】：您不能使用 File，因为该文件在文件系统上并不独立存在。相反，您需要 getResourceAsStream()，如下所示：
...
InputStream in = getClass().getResourceAsStream("/1.txt");
BufferedReader input = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
...
【讨论】：
当然，假设调用类在 jar 文件中。否则，他可以使用java.util.jar 中的类将其解压缩并读取它（或者更基本，使用java.util.zip 作为普通的旧zip 文件）。【参考方案3】：
Jar 文件是一个 zip 文件.....
所以要读取一个jar文件，试试
ZipFile file = new ZipFile("whatever.jar");
if (file != null)
ZipEntries entries = file.entries(); //get entries from the zip file...
if (entries != null)
while (entries.hasMoreElements())
ZipEntry entry = entries.nextElement();
//use the entry to see if it's the file '1.txt'
//Read from the byte using file.getInputStream(entry)
希望这会有所帮助。
【讨论】：
其他答案都是正确的，我只是给了另一种选择。【参考方案4】：您需要类似于this answer 的东西。
您需要以这种特殊方式将文件从存档中拉出。
BufferedReader input = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("1.txt")));
【讨论】：
BufferedReader 除了InputStream 参数
@Bozho 谢谢，我的疏忽了。【参考方案5】：
private String loadResourceFileIntoString(String path)
//path = "/resources/html/custom.css" for example
BufferedReader buffer = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(getClass().getResourceAsStream(path)));
return buffer.lines().collect(Collectors.joining(System.getProperty("line.separator")));
【讨论】：
【参考方案6】：这对我来说可以将 txt 文件从 jar 文件复制到另一个 txt 文件
public static void copyTextMethod() throws Exception
String inputPath = "path/to/.jar";
String outputPath = "Desktop/CopyText.txt";
File resStreamOut = new File(outputPath);
int readBytes;
JarFile file = new JarFile(inputPath);
FileWriter fw = new FileWriter(resStreamOut);
try
Enumeration<JarEntry> entries = file.entries();
while (entries.hasMoreElements())
JarEntry entry = entries.nextElement();
if (entry.getName().equals("readMe/tempReadme.txt"))
System.out.println(entry +" : Entry");
InputStream is = file.getInputStream(entry);
BufferedWriter output = new BufferedWriter(fw);
while ((readBytes = is.read()) != -1)
output.write((char) readBytes);
System.out.println(outputPath);
output.close();
catch(Exception er)
er.printStackTrace();
【讨论】：
【参考方案7】：我之前曾多次遇到过同样的问题。 我希望在 JDK 7 中有人会编写一个类路径文件系统，但可惜还没有。
Spring 有 Resource 类，它允许您很好地加载类路径资源。
答案非常好，但我想我可以通过展示一个适用于作为类路径资源的文件和目录的示例来加入讨论。
我写了一个小原型来解决这个问题。原型不会处理所有边缘情况，但它会处理在 jar 文件中的目录中查找资源。
我使用 Stack Overflow 已经有一段时间了。这是我记得第一次回答问题，如果我说得太长，请原谅我（这是我的天性）。
package com.foo;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.Reader;
import java.net.URI;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.zip.ZipEntry;
import java.util.zip.ZipFile;
/**
* Prototype resource reader.
* This prototype is devoid of error checking.
*
*
* I have two prototype jar files that I have setup.
* <pre>
* <dependency>
* <groupId>invoke</groupId>
* <artifactId>invoke</artifactId>
* <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
* </dependency>
*
* <dependency>
* <groupId>node</groupId>
* <artifactId>node</artifactId>
* <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
* </dependency>
* </pre>
* The jar files each have a file under /org/node/ called resource.txt.
* <br />
* This is just a prototype of what a handler would look like with classpath://
* I also have a resource.foo.txt in my local resources for this project.
* <br />
*/
public class ClasspathReader
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
/* This project includes two jar files that each have a resource located
in /org/node/ called resource.txt.
*/
/*
Name space is just a device I am using to see if a file in a dir
starts with a name space. Think of namespace like a file extension
but it is the start of the file not the end.
*/
String namespace = "resource";
//someResource is classpath.
String someResource = args.length > 0 ? args[0] :
//"classpath:///org/node/resource.txt"; It works with files
"classpath:///org/node/"; //It also works with directories
URI someResourceURI = URI.create(someResource);
System.out.println("URI of resource = " + someResourceURI);
someResource = someResourceURI.getPath();
System.out.println("PATH of resource =" + someResource);
boolean isDir = !someResource.endsWith(".txt");
/** Classpath resource can never really start with a starting slash.
* Logically they do, but in reality you have to strip it.
* This is a known behavior of classpath resources.
* It works with a slash unless the resource is in a jar file.
* Bottom line, by stripping it, it always works.
*/
if (someResource.startsWith("/"))
someResource = someResource.substring(1);
/* Use the ClassLoader to lookup all resources that have this name.
Look for all resources that match the location we are looking for. */
Enumeration resources = null;
/* Check the context classloader first. Always use this if available. */
try
resources =
Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().getResources(someResource);
catch (Exception ex)
ex.printStackTrace();
if (resources == null || !resources.hasMoreElements())
resources = ClasspathReader.class.getClassLoader().getResources(someResource);
//Now iterate over the URLs of the resources from the classpath
while (resources.hasMoreElements())
URL resource = resources.nextElement();
/* if the resource is a file, it just means that we can use normal mechanism
to scan the directory.
*/
if (resource.getProtocol().equals("file"))
//if it is a file then we can handle it the normal way.
handleFile(resource, namespace);
continue;
System.out.println("Resource " + resource);
/*
Split up the string that looks like this:
jar:file:/Users/rick/.m2/repository/invoke/invoke/1.0-SNAPSHOT/invoke-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar!/org/node/
into
this /Users/rick/.m2/repository/invoke/invoke/1.0-SNAPSHOT/invoke-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
and this
/org/node/
*/
String[] split = resource.toString().split(":");
String[] split2 = split[2].split("!");
String zipFileName = split2[0];
String sresource = split2[1];
System.out.printf("After split zip file name = %s," +
" \nresource in zip %s \n", zipFileName, sresource);
/* Open up the zip file. */
ZipFile zipFile = new ZipFile(zipFileName);
/* Iterate through the entries. */
Enumeration entries = zipFile.entries();
while (entries.hasMoreElements())
ZipEntry entry = entries.nextElement();
/* If it is a directory, then skip it. */
if (entry.isDirectory())
continue;
String entryName = entry.getName();
System.out.printf("zip entry name %s \n", entryName);
/* If it does not start with our someResource String
then it is not our resource so continue.
*/
if (!entryName.startsWith(someResource))
continue;
/* the fileName part from the entry name.
* where /foo/bar/foo/bee/bar.txt, bar.txt is the file
*/
String fileName = entryName.substring(entryName.lastIndexOf("/") + 1);
System.out.printf("fileName %s \n", fileName);
/* See if the file starts with our namespace and ends with our extension.
*/
if (fileName.startsWith(namespace) && fileName.endsWith(".txt"))
/* If you found the file, print out
the contents fo the file to System.out.*/
try (Reader reader = new InputStreamReader(zipFile.getInputStream(entry)))
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
int ch = 0;
while ((ch = reader.read()) != -1)
builder.append((char) ch);
System.out.printf("zip fileName = %s\n\n####\n contents of file %s\n###\n", entryName, builder);
catch (Exception ex)
ex.printStackTrace();
//use the entry to see if it's the file '1.txt'
//Read from the byte using file.getInputStream(entry)
/**
* The file was on the file system not a zip file,
* this is here for completeness for this example.
* otherwise.
*
* @param resource
* @param namespace
* @throws Exception
*/
private static void handleFile(URL resource, String namespace) throws Exception
System.out.println("Handle this resource as a file " + resource);
URI uri = resource.toURI();
File file = new File(uri.getPath());
if (file.isDirectory())
for (File childFile : file.listFiles())
if (childFile.isDirectory())
continue;
String fileName = childFile.getName();
if (fileName.startsWith(namespace) && fileName.endsWith("txt"))
try (FileReader reader = new FileReader(childFile))
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
int ch = 0;
while ((ch = reader.read()) != -1)
builder.append((char) ch);
System.out.printf("fileName = %s\n\n####\n contents of file %s\n###\n", childFile, builder);
catch (Exception ex)
ex.printStackTrace();
else
String fileName = file.getName();
if (fileName.startsWith(namespace) && fileName.endsWith("txt"))
try (FileReader reader = new FileReader(file))
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
int ch = 0;
while ((ch = reader.read()) != -1)
builder.append((char) ch);
System.out.printf("fileName = %s\n\n####\n contents of file %s\n###\n", fileName, builder);
catch (Exception ex)
ex.printStackTrace();
You can see a fuller example here with the sample output.
【讨论】：
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