如何让 Steam 在 Ubuntu 20.04 上运行

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【中文标题】如何让 Steam 在 Ubuntu 20.04 上运行【英文标题】：How to get steam to run on Ubuntu 20.04 【发布时间】：2020-10-12 15:30:58 【问题描述】：

Steam 无法运行 =( 这是我尝试过的：

我全新安装了带有 nvidia 驱动程序的 Ubuntu 20.04（通过 Ubuntu Server Live Installer + ubuntu-desktop 软件包）：

$ nvidia-smi
Mon Jun 22 10:26:49 2020       
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 440.64       Driver Version: 440.64       CUDA Version: 10.2     |
|-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| GPU  Name        Persistence-M| Bus-Id        Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan  Temp  Perf  Pwr:Usage/Cap|         Memory-Usage | GPU-Util  Compute M. |
|===============================+======================+======================|
|   0  GeForce RTX 2070    Off  | 00000000:01:00.0  On |                  N/A |
| 28%   31C    P8    22W / 175W |    303MiB /  7981MiB |      2%      Default |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
                                                                               
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes:                                                       GPU Memory |
|  GPU       PID   Type   Process name                             Usage      |
|=============================================================================|
|    0      1542      G   /usr/lib/xorg/Xorg                            53MiB |
|    0      7835      G   /usr/lib/xorg/Xorg                           124MiB |
|    0      8086      G   /usr/bin/gnome-shell                         111MiB |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+

尝试 1：.deb

    从https://store.steampowered.com/about/下载deb $ sudo dpkg -i steam_latest.deb 
$ steam
Steam needs to install these additional packages:
    libgl1-mesa-dri:i386, libgl1:i386, libc6:i386
    输入 sudo 密码并安装它们，它会安装 49 个 *:i386 包 “正在更新 Steam...”窗口弹出并下载并运行一段时间，然后！ 崩溃！ 
[2020-06-22 17:00:18] Installing update...
[2020-06-22 17:00:19] Cleaning up...
[2020-06-22 17:00:19] Update complete, launching...
[2020-06-22 17:00:19] Shutdown
Restarting Steam by request...
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/bin/steamdeps", line 484, in <module>
    sys.exit(main())
  File "/usr/bin/steamdeps", line 460, in main
    if dep.is_available():
  File "/usr/bin/steamdeps", line 96, in is_available
    return is_provided(self.name)
  File "/usr/bin/steamdeps", line 68, in is_provided
    (name, version) = provider.split()
ValueError: too many values to unpack (expected 2)
Running Steam on ubuntu 20.04 64-bit
STEAM_RUNTIME has been set by the user to: /home/username/.local/share/Steam/ubuntu12_32/steam-runtime
Found newer runtime version for 64-bit libGLU.so.1. Host: 1.3.1 Runtime: 1.3.8004
Found newer runtime version for 64-bit libdbusmenu-glib.so.4. Host: 4.0.12 Runtime: 4.0.13
Found newer runtime version for 64-bit libvulkan.so.1. Host: 1.2.131 Runtime: 1.2.135
Forced use of runtime version for 64-bit libcurl.so.4. Host: 4.6.0 Runtime: 4.2.0
Found newer runtime version for 32-bit libvulkan.so.1. Host: 1.2.131 Runtime: 1.2.135
Steam client's requirements are satisfied
/home/username/.local/share/Steam/ubuntu12_32/steam
[2020-06-22 17:00:34] Startup - updater built Jun  4 2020 05:50:42
Installing breakpad exception handler for appid(steam)/version(1591251555)
libGL error: No matching fbConfigs or visuals found
libGL error: failed to load driver: swrast
SteamUpdateUI: An X Error occurred
X Error of failed request:  GLXBadContext
SteamUpdateUI: An X Error occurred
X Error of failed request:  BadValue (integer parameter out of range for operation)
Major opcode of failed request:  152 (GLX)
Minor opcode of failed request:  3 (X_GLXCreateContext)
Value in failed request:  0x0
Serial number of failed request:  51
xerror_handler: X failed, continuing
Major opcode of failed request:  152 (GLX)
Minor opcode of failed request:  6 (X_GLXIsDirect)
Serial number of failed request:  52
xerror_handler: X failed, continuing
Installing breakpad exception handler for appid(steam)/version(1591251555)
[2020-06-22 17:00:34] Verifying installation...
[2020-06-22 17:00:35] Verification complete
Loaded SDL version 2.0.13-5893924
Gtk-Message: Failed to load module "gail"
Gtk-Message: Failed to load module "atk-bridge"

(steam:32777): Gtk-WARNING **: Unable to locate theme engine in module_path: "adwaita",
/usr/share/themes/Yaru/gtk-2.0/main.rc:775: error: unexpected identifier `direction', expected character `'

(steam:32777): Gtk-WARNING **: Unable to locate theme engine in module_path: "adwaita",
/usr/share/themes/Yaru/gtk-2.0/hacks.rc:28: error: invalid string constant "normal_entry", expected valid string constant
libGL error: No matching fbConfigs or visuals found
libGL error: failed to load driver: swrast
Steam: An X Error occurred
X Error of failed request:  GLXBadContext
Major opcode of failed request:  152
Serial number of failed request:  64
xerror_handler: X failed, continuing
Steam: An X Error occurred
X Error of failed request:  BadValue (integer parameter out of range for operation)
Major opcode of failed request:  152
Value in failed request:  0x0
Serial number of failed request:  63
xerror_handler: X failed, continuing
Steam: An X Error occurred
X Error of failed request:  BadMatch (invalid parameter attributes)
Major opcode of failed request:  152
Serial number of failed request:  65
xerror_handler: X failed, continuing
assert_20200622170034_1.dmp[32831]: Uploading dump (out-of-process)
/tmp/dumps/assert_20200622170034_1.dmp
/home/username/.local/share/Steam/steam.sh: line 750: 32777 Segmentation fault      (core dumped) $STEAM_DEBUGGER "$STEAMROOT/$STEAMEXEPATH" "$@"
    随后尝试运行 steam 会导致更新窗口闪烁，然后同样崩溃。

根据linuxconfig.orglinuxconfig.org，通过 multiverse repo 尝试 #2

    $ sudo add-apt-repository multiverse 'multiverse' 分发组件已为所有来源启用。 $ sudo apt update 
$ sudo apt install steam
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree      
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  steam-launcher
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  steam:i386 steam-launcher
0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 2,980 kB of archives.
After this operation, 3,163 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
Get:1 http://repo.steampowered.com/steam precise/steam amd64 steam-launcher all 1:1.0.0.62 [2,972 kB]
Get:2 http://repo.steampowered.com/steam precise/steam i386 steam i386 1:1.0.0.62 [8,052 B]
Fetched 2,980 kB in 1s (3,294 kB/s)    
Selecting previously unselected package steam-launcher.
(Reading database ... 158744 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../steam-launcher_1%3a1.0.0.62_all.deb ...
Unpacking steam-launcher (1:1.0.0.62) ...
Selecting previously unselected package steam:i386.
Preparing to unpack .../steam_1%3a1.0.0.62_i386.deb ...
Unpacking steam:i386 (1:1.0.0.62) ...
Setting up steam-launcher (1:1.0.0.62) ...
Setting up steam:i386 (1:1.0.0.62) ...
Processing triggers for mime-support (3.64ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for hicolor-icon-theme (0.17-2) ...
Processing triggers for gnome-menus (3.36.0-1ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.1-1) ...
Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils (0.24-1ubuntu3) ...
    $ steam 崩溃！与第一种方法相同的错误。

【问题讨论】：

第二个结果看起来安装完成了。 两者都安装完成，但运行 steam 会导致我粘贴的错误。 （两种方法的错误相同） 你是用 root 或普通用户运行的 用 root 运行什么？我把我运行的所有命令都放在了问题中。 【参考方案1】：

我最近遇到了同样的问题，但已经解决了。我希望这对你有用。 这是我所做的：

    从 Steam 网站安装 Steam。 https://store.steampowered.com/about/ 在终端STEAM_RUNTIME=0 steam 中运行此行 您应该会收到一条信息，告诉您缺少的依赖项

在 ubuntu 20.04 64 位上运行 Steam STEAM_RUNTIME 已被用户禁用

Error: You are missing the following 32-bit libraries, and Steam may not run:

libXtst.so.6

libXrandr.so.2

libXrender.so.1

libgobject-2.0.so.0

libglib-2.0.so.0

libgio-2.0.so.0

libgtk-x11-2.0.so.0

libpulse.so.0

libgdk_pixbuf-2.0.so.0

libva.so.2

libbz2.so.1.0

libvdpau.so.1

libva.so.2

libva-x11.so.2

Can't find 'steam-runtime-check-requirements', continuing anyway
/home/timothy/.local/share/Steam/ubuntu12_32/steam
    一旦你得到了缺失的依赖，在终端中运行这一行来为每一个缺失的依赖运行。 sudo apt install (Dependency name)

示例（sudo apt install libXtst.so.6） “libXtst.so.6”是终端提供给我的依赖项列表的一部分

    安装完所有这些依赖项后，steam 应该会打开。 让 Steam 安装它需要的东西并登录，它应该可以工作

如果您有任何问题，请回复。 我从中获得大部分想法的其他论坛/社区 https://steamcommunity.com/app/221410/discussions/0/530645446314818582/

【讨论】：

【参考方案2】：

正如@Helper Shoes 提到的，您很可能缺少 32 位库。

安装以下库使其对我有用：

$ sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install libxtst6:i386 libxrandr2:i386 libgtk2.0-0:i386 libsm6:i386 libpulse0:i386 ffmpeg:i386

【讨论】：

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