如何在 Bash 中比较两个点分隔版本格式的字符串？
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【中文标题】如何在 Bash 中比较两个点分隔版本格式的字符串？【英文标题】：How to compare two strings in dot separated version format in Bash? 【发布时间】：2011-04-30 17:52:21 【问题描述】：有没有办法在 bash 上比较这些字符串，例如：2.4.5 和 2.8 和 2.4.5.1？
【问题讨论】：
【参考方案1】：我不喜欢这些解决方案中的任何一个，因为它们有缺陷、不可移植等。
我（当前）努力产生更好的解决方案...src:version_compare(), tests
在这里复制/粘贴...
来源：
##
# Compare two versions.
#
# **Usage:** version_compare version1 operator version2
#
# - operator:
#
# + ``lesser_than``, ``-lt``, ``<``
# + ``lesser_than_or_equal``, ``-le``, ``<=``
# + ``greater_than``, ``-gt``, ``>``
# + ``greater_than_or_equal``, ``-ge``, ``>=``
# + ``equal``, ``-eq``, ``==``
# + ``not_equal``, ``-ne``, ``!=``
#
# - version1,2: arbitrary version strings to compare
#
# **Version Format:** ``[0-9]+($VERSION_SEPARATOR[0-9]+)*`` (i.e. 1, 1.0, 90, 1.2.3.4)
#
# **Returns:** true if comparison statement is correct
##
version_compare()
_largest_version "$1" "$3"; _cmp="$(printf '%s' "$?")"
# Check for valid responses or bail early
case "$_cmp" in
1|0|2) :;;
*) _die "$_cmp" 'version comparison failed';;
esac
# The easy part
case "$2" in
'lesser_than'|'-lt'|'<')
[ "$_cmp" = '2' ] && return 0
;;
'lesser_or_equal'|'-le'|'<=')
[ "$_cmp" = '0' ] && return 0
[ "$_cmp" = '2' ] && return 0
;;
'greater_than'|'-gt'|'>')
[ "$_cmp" = '1' ] && return 0
;;
'greater_or_equal'|'-ge'|'>=')
[ "$_cmp" = '1' ] && return 0
[ "$_cmp" = '0' ] && return 0
;;
'equal'|'-eq'|'==')
[ "$_cmp" = '0' ] && return 0
;;
'not_equal'|'-ne'|'!=')
[ "$_cmp" = '1' ] && return 0
[ "$_cmp" = '2' ] && return 0
;;
*) _die 7 'Unknown operatoration called for version_compare().';;
esac
return 1
##
# Print a formatted (critical) message and exit with status.
#
# **Usage:** _die [exit_status] message
#
# - exit_status: exit code to use with script termination (default: 1)
# - message: message to print before terminating script execution
##
_die()
# If first argument was an integer, use as exit_status
if [ "$1" -eq "$1" ] 2>/dev/null; then
_exit_status="$1"; shift
else
_exit_status=1
fi
printf '*** CRITICAL: %s ***\n' "$1"
exit "$_exit_status"
##
# Compare two versions.
# Check if one version is larger/smaller/equal than/to another.
#
# **Usage:** _largest_version ver1 ver2
#
# Returns: ($1 > $2): 1 ; ($1 = $2): 0 ; ($1 < $2): 2
# [IOW- 1 = $1 is largest; 0 = neither ; 2 = $2 is largest]
##
_largest_version() (
# Value used to separate version components
VERSION_SEPARATOR="$VERSION_SEPARATOR:-."
for _p in "$1" "$2"; do
[ "$(printf %.1s "$_p")" = "$VERSION_SEPARATOR" ] &&
_die 7 'invalid version pattern provided'
done
# Split versions on VER_SEP into int/sub
_v="$1$2"
_v1="$1"
_s1="$1#*$VERSION_SEPARATOR"
if [ "$_v1" = "$_s1" ]; then
_s1=''
_m1="$_v1"
else
_m1="$1%%$VERSION_SEPARATOR*"
fi
_v2="$2"
_s2="$2#*$VERSION_SEPARATOR"
if [ "$_v2" = "$_s2" ]; then
_s2=''
_m2="$_v2"
else
_m2="$2%%$VERSION_SEPARATOR*"
fi
# Both are equal
[ "$_v1" = "$_v2" ] && return 0
# Something is larger than nothing (30 < 30.0)
if [ -n "$_v1" ] && [ ! -n "$_v2" ]; then
return 1
elif [ ! -n "$_v1" ] && [ -n "$_v2" ]; then
return 2
fi
# Check for invalid
case "$_m1$_m2" in
*[!0-9]*)
_die 7 'version_compare called with unsupported version type'
;;
esac
# If a ver_sep is present
if [ "$_v#*$VERSION_SEPARATOR" != "$_v" ]; then
# Check for a larger "major" version number
[ "$_m1" -lt "$_m2" ] && return 2
[ "$_m1" -gt "$_m2" ] && return 1
# Compare substring components
_largest_version "$_s1" "$_s2"; return "$?"
else
# Only integers present; simple integer comparison
[ "$_v1" -lt "$_v2" ] && return 2
[ "$_v1" -gt "$_v2" ] && return 1
fi
)
测试：
# Simple test of all operators
( version_compare '1' 'lesser_than' '2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '2' 'equal' '2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '3' 'not_equal' '1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '2' 'greater_than' '1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '1' '-lt' '2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '2' '-eq' '2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '3' '-ne' '1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '2' '-gt' '1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
# Semver test of primary operators (expect true)
( version_compare '7.0.1' '-lt' '7.0.2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '7.0.2' '-eq' '7.0.2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '3.0.2' '-ne' '2.0.7' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '7.0.2' '-gt' '7.0.1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
# Semver test of primary operators (expect false)
( version_compare '7.0.2' '-lt' '7.0.1' ); [ "$?" = '1' ] || return 1
( version_compare '3.0.2' '-eq' '2.0.7' ); [ "$?" = '1' ] || return 1
( version_compare '7.0.2' '-ne' '7.0.2' ); [ "$?" = '1' ] || return 1
( version_compare '7.0.1' '-gt' '7.0.2' ); [ "$?" = '1' ] || return 1
# Mismatched version strings (expect true)
( version_compare '7' '-lt' '7.1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '3' '-ne' '7.0.0' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '7.0.1' '-gt' '7' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
# Mismatched version strings (expect false)
( version_compare '7.0.0' '-eq' '7.0' ); [ "$?" = '1' ] || return 1
# Invalid operation supplied
( version_compare '2' '-inv' '1' >/dev/null ); [ "$?" = '7' ] || return 1
# Invalid version formats
( version_compare '1..0' '==' '1.0' >/dev/null ); [ "$?" = '7' ] || return 1
( version_compare '1.0' '==' '1..0' >/dev/null ); [ "$?" = '7' ] || return 1
( version_compare '1.0' '==' '1.0b7' >/dev/null ); [ "$?" = '7' ] || return 1
( version_compare '1.0a' '==' '1.0' >/dev/null ); [ "$?" = '7' ] || return 1
# "how does that handle comparing 10.0.0 (not a number) to 2.0 (a number)?"
( version_compare '10.0.0' '-lt' '2.0' ); [ "$?" = '1' ] || return 1
( version_compare '10.0' '-gt' '2.0.0' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
# not less/greater-than... but equal
( version_compare '7' '-lt' '7' ); [ "$?" = '1' ] || return 1
( version_compare '7' '-gt' '7' ); [ "$?" = '1' ] || return 1
# String vs. numerical comparison
( version_compare '1.18.1' '-gt' '1.8.1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
# Random tests found on the internet
( version_compare '1' '==' '1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '2.1' '<' '2.2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '3.0.4.10' '>' '3.0.4.2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '4.08' '<' '4.08.01' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '3.2.1.9.8144' '>' '3.2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '3.2' '<' '3.2.1.9.8144' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '1.2' '<' '2.1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '2.1' '>' '1.2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '5.6.7' '==' '5.6.7' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '1.01.1' '==' '1.1.1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '1.1.1' '==' '1.01.1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '1' '!=' '1.0' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '1.0.0' '!=' '1.0' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
【讨论】：
【参考方案2】：这里一个有用的技巧是字符串索引。
$ echo "$BASH_VERSION"
4.4.23(1)-release
$ echo "$BASH_VERSION:0:1"
4
【讨论】：
这有什么用？你需要知道长度才能得到正确的数字... @AlexisWilke 我留下的示例显示了获取 bash 的主要版本，您可以使用[ 4 -eq $BASH_VERSION:0:1 ] && echo hi 进行比较，如果您的 bash 版本为 4，则仅打印 hi。问题询问如何比较版本，这以一种简单的方式进行，尽管方式不完整。
41.4.23 是什么版本，你的$BASH_VERSION:0:1 会返回4，而不是41...
$BASH_VERSION:0:2 将返回 41，但我没有看到太多具有 41 个主要版本的项目。同样，这只是对问题子集的最简单答案，它对我有用，可能对其他人有用。【参考方案3】：
我使用一个函数来规范化数字然后比较它们。
for 循环对于将版本字符串中的八进制数转换为十进制数是必需的，例如1.08 → 1 8, 1.0030 → 1 30, 2021-02-03 → 2021 2 3...
（使用 bash 5.0.17 测试
#!/usr/bin/env bash
v()
printf "%04d%04d%04d%04d%04d" $(for i in $1//[^0-9]/ ; do printf "%d " $((10#$i)); done)
while read -r test; do
set -- $test
printf "$test "
eval "if [[ $(v $1) $3 $(v $2) ]] ; then echo true; else echo false; fi"
done << EOF
1 1 ==
2.1 2.2 <
3.0.4.10 3.0.4.2 >
4.08 4.08.01 <
3.2.1.9.8144 3.2 >
3.2 3.2.1.9.8144 <
1.2 2.1 <
2.1 1.2 >
5.6.7 5.6.7 ==
1.01.1 1.1.1 ==
1.1.1 1.01.1 ==
1 1.0 ==
1.0 1 ==
1.0.2.0 1.0.2 ==
1..0 1.0 ==
1.0 1..0 ==
1 1 >
1.2.3~rc2 1.2.3~rc4 >
1.2.3~rc2 1.2.3~rc4 ==
1.2.3~rc2 1.2.3~rc4 <
1.2.3~rc2 1.2.3~rc4 !=
1.2.3~rc2 1.2.3+rc4 <
2021-11-23-rc1 2021-11-23-rc1.1 <
2021-11-23-rc1 2021-11-23-rc1-rf1 <
2021-01-03-rc1 2021-01-04 <
5.0.17(1)-release 5.0.17(2)-release <
EOF
结果：
1 1 == true
2.1 2.2 < true
3.0.4.10 3.0.4.2 > true
4.08 4.08.01 < true
3.2.1.9.8144 3.2 > true
3.2 3.2.1.9.8144 < true
1.2 2.1 < true
2.1 1.2 > true
5.6.7 5.6.7 == true
1.01.1 1.1.1 == true
1.1.1 1.01.1 == true
1 1.0 == true
1.0 1 == true
1.0.2.0 1.0.2 == true
1..0 1.0 == true
1.0 1..0 == true
1 1 > false
1.2.3~rc2 1.2.3~rc4 > false
1.2.3~rc2 1.2.3~rc4 == false
1.2.3~rc2 1.2.3~rc4 < true
1.2.3~rc2 1.2.3~rc4 != true
1.2.3~rc2 1.2.3+rc4 < true
2021-11-23-rc1 2021-11-23-rc1.1 < true
2021-11-23-rc1 2021-11-23-rc1-rf1 < true
2021-01-03-rc1 2021-01-04 < true
5.0.17(1)-release 5.0.17(2)-release < true
【讨论】：
【参考方案4】：你们都给出了复杂的解决方案。这是一个更简单的。
function compare_versions
local a=$1%%.* b=$2%%.*
[[ "10#$a:-0" -gt "10#$b:-0" ]] && return 1
[[ "10#$a:-0" -lt "10#$b:-0" ]] && return 2
a=$1:$#a + 1 b=$2:$#b + 1
[[ -z $a && -z $b ]] || compare_versions "$a" "$b"
用法：compare_versions <ver_a> <ver_b>
返回码1 表示第一个版本大于第二个，2 表示小于，0 表示两者相等。
【讨论】：
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