SQL 计算项目状态历史记录在日期范围内的项目项

Posted 2023-03-31

【中文标题】SQL 计算项目状态历史记录在日期范围内的项目项

【英文标题】：SQL Count project items where project status history is within date range

【发布时间】：2014-04-10 01:14:18

【问题描述】：

我有 4 张桌子：

projects: id, title, current_status_id
statuses: id, label
status_history: project_id, status_id, created_at
messages: id, project_id, body, created_at

当项目在应用程序中更改状态（例如，从“lead”到“active”再到“complete”）时，插入 status_history 行。请注意 created_at 列是记录更改日期的时间戳。在状态更改之间，项目中正在发生活动并创建消息。例如，项目初始化为“lead”状态，在项目处于“lead”状态时创建一些消息，项目更改为“活动”状态，在项目处于此状态时创建一些消息，等等。

我想创建显示以下内容的查询：日期、在“领导”项目中创建的消息数、在“活动”项目中创建的消息数以及在具有其他状态的项目中创建的消息数。这可以在一个查询中完成吗？我正在使用 PostgreSQL。

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这里有一些伪代码，希望能阐明我正在寻找的东西。

* Start at the earliest date
* Find all projects whose status was 'lead' on that date
* Count the number of created messages from these projects with that date
* Find all projects whose status was 'active' on that date
* Count the number of created messages from these projects with that date
* Find all projects whose status was anything else on that date
* Count the number of created messages from these projects with that date
* ... some projects change status, some stay the same, business happens ...
* Go to next date
* Find all projects whose status was 'lead' on that date
* Count the number of created messages from these projects with that date
* Find all projects whose status was 'active' on that date
* Count the number of created messages from these projects with that date
* Find all projects whose status was anything else on that date
* Count the number of created messages from these projects with that date
* ... some projects change status, some stay the same, business happens ...
* keep doing this until the present

虽然项目确实有一个 current_status_id 列，但它是当前状态，不一定是项目上个月的状态。项目的状态不会每天都在变化 - 不会每天为每个项目创建 status_history 行。

【问题讨论】：

如果有链接列来连接包含日期、消息、项目和状态的表，则可以创建这样的查询

对于给定的日期，您想要使用这些类别新创建的项目数，对吧？不是在给定日期可能已更改为其中一种状态的状态？

嗨，Brian，对于给定的日期，我想计算任何项目中具有特定状态的消息数量。项目的状态会随着时间而变化，因此有些消息可能是在项目处于领先地位时创建的，有些消息可能是在项目处于活动状态时发生的，等等。

【参考方案1】：

您正在寻找这样的查询...这是 MSSQL，但我假设与 Postgresql 非常相似，或者您可以简单地在网上找到正确的语法。

SELECT count(*) AS 'count', messages.created_at, statuses.label
FROM messages
JOIN projects ON projects.id = messages.project_id
JOIN status_history ON projects.id = status_history.project_id
JOIN statuses ON statuses.id ON status_history.status_id
GROUP BY created_at, statues.label

【参考方案2】：

试试下面的。

将“lead”和“active”替换为这两种状态的状态 ID。

请注意，选择的第一个字段是将您的 created_at 时间戳转换为日期值（删除时间）。

提供的计数显示新创建的具有这些状态的项目数。它们不包括已经存在但在给定日期更改为这些状态的项目。这是通过不存在子查询完成的。

select      date(created_at) as dt
            , sum(case when sh.status_id = 'lead' then 1 else 0 end) as num_lead
            , sum(case when sh.status_id = 'active' then 1 else 0 end) as num_active
            , sum(case when sh.status_id not in ('lead','active') then 1 else 0 end) as num_else
from        status_history sh
where       not exists
                    (   select  1
                        from    status_history x
                        where   x.project_id = sh.project_id
                            and x.created_at < sh.created_at    )
group by    date(created_at)
order by    1

【讨论】：

嗨，Brian，感谢您的提示，但我实际上是在尝试计算新创建消息的数量。

@JustinM 这就是查询的作用。它通过不存在子查询过滤掉那些已经存在的。

【参考方案3】：

怎么样：

SELECT to_char(tmp.date, 'YYYY-MM-DD') as date, COUNT(tmp.status = 'lead') as num_lead,  COUNT(tmp.status = 'active') as num_active FROM 
(
    SELECT m.created_at AS date, COUNT(m.id) as messages, s.label as status FROM messages AS m
    INNER JOIN project AS p ON p.id = m.project_id
    INNER JOIN statuses AS s ON s.id = p.current_status_id
    GROUP BY m.created_at, s.id, s.label
) as tmp
GROUP BY tmp.date;

分组应该 100% 正确（因为不清楚一个 id 是否完全属于一个文本表示，标签不是 primary_key！）

临时表包含“Messages per date and project_status_label”的所有关系，外部选择函数只改变维度。