如何在 Heroku 上正确安装 PyICU？
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【中文标题】如何在 Heroku 上正确安装 PyICU？【英文标题】：How to correctly install PyICU on Heroku? 【发布时间】：2021-08-31 16:54:00 【问题描述】：我正在尝试在 Heroku 上部署我的 Python 应用程序，但没有成功。 PyICU 包似乎出现了问题，我不确定如何更正。我已经确认这是我部署的唯一问题；当我从需求文件中删除 PyICU 时，一切正常。当然，没有它我的网站就无法运行。
谁能指导我如何在 Heroku 上正确安装这个包？我尝试了各种方法，包括下载 .whl 文件，然后将其添加到我的需求文件中，但随后又出现了另一个错误：
ERROR: PyICU-2.7.3-cp38-cp38m-win_amd64.whl is not a supported wheel on this platform.我不明白为什么 - 这是正确的 Python 和操作系统版本。
以下是构建日志的相关摘录：
-----> Building on the Heroku-20 stack
-----> Using buildpack: heroku/python
-----> Python app detected
-----> Using Python version specified in runtime.txt
-----> Installing python-3.8.10
-----> Installing pip 20.2.4, setuptools 47.1.1 and wheel 0.36.2
-----> Installing SQLite3
-----> Installing requirements with pip
...
Building wheel for PyICU (setup.py): started
Building wheel for PyICU (setup.py): finished with status 'error'
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
command: /app/.heroku/python/bin/python -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-e4xp9bv_/pyicu/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-e4xp9bv_/pyicu/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' bdist_wheel -d /tmp/pip-wheel-zeqs7m46
cwd: /tmp/pip-install-e4xp9bv_/pyicu/
Complete output (90 lines):
(running 'icu-config --version')
(running 'pkg-config --modversion icu-i18n')
Building PyICU 2.4.3 for ICU 66.1
(running 'icu-config --cxxflags --cppflags')
Could not configure CFLAGS with icu-config
(running 'pkg-config --cflags icu-i18n')
(running 'icu-config --ldflags')
Could not configure LFLAGS with icu-config
(running 'pkg-config --libs icu-i18n')
Adding LFLAGS="-licui18n -licuuc -licudata" from /usr/bin/pkg-config
running bdist_wheel
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7
copying PyICU.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/icu
copying icu/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/icu
running build_ext
building '_icu' extension
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7
gcc -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -fPIC -I/app/.heroku/python/include/python3.7m -c _icu.cpp -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7/_icu.o -DPYICU_VER="2.4.3"
In file included from /usr/include/c++/9/clocale:42,
from /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/9/bits/c++locale.h:41,
from /usr/include/c++/9/bits/localefwd.h:40,
from /usr/include/c++/9/string:43,
from /usr/include/unicode/std_string.h:37,
from /usr/include/unicode/unistr.h:38,
from common.h:106,
from _icu.cpp:27:
./locale.h:29:23: error: ‘Locale’ was not declared in this scope; did you mean ‘locale_t’?
29 | PyObject *wrap_Locale(Locale *locale, int flags);
| ^~~~~~
| locale_t
./locale.h:29:31: error: ‘locale’ was not declared in this scope; did you mean ‘locale_t’?
29 | PyObject *wrap_Locale(Locale *locale, int flags);
| ^~~~~~
| locale_t
./locale.h:29:39: error: expected primary-expression before ‘int’
29 | PyObject *wrap_Locale(Locale *locale, int flags);
| ^~~
./locale.h:29:48: error: expression list treated as compound expression in initializer [-fpermissive]
29 | PyObject *wrap_Locale(Locale *locale, int flags);
| ^
./locale.h:30:29: error: ‘Locale’ does not name a type; did you mean ‘locale_t’?
30 | PyObject *wrap_Locale(const Locale &locale);
| ^~~~~~
| locale_t
./locale.h:30:43: error: ‘PyObject* wrap_Locale(const int&)’ redeclared as different kind of entity
30 | PyObject *wrap_Locale(const Locale &locale);
| ^
./locale.h:29:11: note: previous declaration ‘PyObject* wrap_Locale’
29 | PyObject *wrap_Locale(Locale *locale, int flags);
| ^~~~~~~~~~~
In file included from /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/9/bits/c++locale.h:41,
from /usr/include/c++/9/bits/localefwd.h:40,
from /usr/include/c++/9/string:43,
from /usr/include/unicode/std_string.h:37,
from /usr/include/unicode/unistr.h:38,
from common.h:106,
from _icu.cpp:27:
/usr/include/c++/9/clocale:53:11: error: ‘::lconv’ has not been declared
53 | using ::lconv;
| ^~~~~
/usr/include/c++/9/clocale:54:11: error: ‘::setlocale’ has not been declared
54 | using ::setlocale;
| ^~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/9/clocale:55:11: error: ‘::localeconv’ has not been declared
55 | using ::localeconv;
| ^~~~~~~~~~
In file included from /usr/include/c++/9/bits/localefwd.h:40,
from /usr/include/c++/9/string:43,
from /usr/include/unicode/std_string.h:37,
from /usr/include/unicode/unistr.h:38,
from common.h:106,
from _icu.cpp:27:
/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/9/bits/c++locale.h:52:23: error: ‘uselocale’ was not declared in this scope; did you mean ‘u_fsetlocale’?
52 | extern "C" __typeof(uselocale) __uselocale;
| ^~~~~~~~~
| u_fsetlocale
/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/9/bits/c++locale.h: In function ‘int std::__convert_from_v(__locale_struct* const&, char*, int, const char*, ...)’:
/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/9/bits/c++locale.h:75:53: error: ‘__gnu_cxx::__uselocale’ cannot be used as a function
75 | __c_locale __old = __gnu_cxx::__uselocale(__cloc);
| ^
/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/9/bits/c++locale.h:100:33: error: ‘__gnu_cxx::__uselocale’ cannot be used as a function
100 | __gnu_cxx::__uselocale(__old);
| ^
error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
----------------------------------------
ERROR: Failed building wheel for PyICU
Running setup.py clean for PyICU
Running setup.py install for PyICU: started
Running setup.py install for PyICU: finished with status 'error'
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
command: /app/.heroku/python/bin/python -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-e4xp9bv_/pyicu/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-e4xp9bv_/pyicu/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-bdqgdfr6/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /app/.heroku/python/include/python3.7m/PyICU
cwd: /tmp/pip-install-e4xp9bv_/pyicu/
Complete output (90 lines):
(running 'icu-config --version')
(running 'pkg-config --modversion icu-i18n')
Building PyICU 2.4.3 for ICU 66.1
(running 'icu-config --cxxflags --cppflags')
Could not configure CFLAGS with icu-config
(running 'pkg-config --cflags icu-i18n')
(running 'icu-config --ldflags')
Could not configure LFLAGS with icu-config
(running 'pkg-config --libs icu-i18n')
Adding LFLAGS="-licui18n -licuuc -licudata" from /usr/bin/pkg-config
running install
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7
copying PyICU.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/icu
copying icu/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/icu
running build_ext
building '_icu' extension
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7
gcc -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -fPIC -I/app/.heroku/python/include/python3.7m -c _icu.cpp -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7/_icu.o -DPYICU_VER="2.4.3"
In file included from /usr/include/c++/9/clocale:42,
from /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/9/bits/c++locale.h:41,
from /usr/include/c++/9/bits/localefwd.h:40,
from /usr/include/c++/9/string:43,
from /usr/include/unicode/std_string.h:37,
from /usr/include/unicode/unistr.h:38,
from common.h:106,
from _icu.cpp:27:
./locale.h:29:23: error: ‘Locale’ was not declared in this scope; did you mean ‘locale_t’?
29 | PyObject *wrap_Locale(Locale *locale, int flags);
| ^~~~~~
| locale_t
./locale.h:29:31: error: ‘locale’ was not declared in this scope; did you mean ‘locale_t’?
29 | PyObject *wrap_Locale(Locale *locale, int flags);
| ^~~~~~
| locale_t
./locale.h:29:39: error: expected primary-expression before ‘int’
29 | PyObject *wrap_Locale(Locale *locale, int flags);
| ^~~
./locale.h:29:48: error: expression list treated as compound expression in initializer [-fpermissive]
29 | PyObject *wrap_Locale(Locale *locale, int flags);
| ^
./locale.h:30:29: error: ‘Locale’ does not name a type; did you mean ‘locale_t’?
30 | PyObject *wrap_Locale(const Locale &locale);
| ^~~~~~
| locale_t
./locale.h:30:43: error: ‘PyObject* wrap_Locale(const int&)’ redeclared as different kind of entity
30 | PyObject *wrap_Locale(const Locale &locale);
| ^
./locale.h:29:11: note: previous declaration ‘PyObject* wrap_Locale’
29 | PyObject *wrap_Locale(Locale *locale, int flags);
| ^~~~~~~~~~~
In file included from /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/9/bits/c++locale.h:41,
from /usr/include/c++/9/bits/localefwd.h:40,
from /usr/include/c++/9/string:43,
from /usr/include/unicode/std_string.h:37,
from /usr/include/unicode/unistr.h:38,
from common.h:106,
from _icu.cpp:27:
/usr/include/c++/9/clocale:53:11: error: ‘::lconv’ has not been declared
53 | using ::lconv;
| ^~~~~
/usr/include/c++/9/clocale:54:11: error: ‘::setlocale’ has not been declared
54 | using ::setlocale;
| ^~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/9/clocale:55:11: error: ‘::localeconv’ has not been declared
55 | using ::localeconv;
| ^~~~~~~~~~
In file included from /usr/include/c++/9/bits/localefwd.h:40,
from /usr/include/c++/9/string:43,
from /usr/include/unicode/std_string.h:37,
from /usr/include/unicode/unistr.h:38,
from common.h:106,
from _icu.cpp:27:
/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/9/bits/c++locale.h:52:23: error: ‘uselocale’ was not declared in this scope; did you mean ‘u_fsetlocale’?
52 | extern "C" __typeof(uselocale) __uselocale;
| ^~~~~~~~~
| u_fsetlocale
/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/9/bits/c++locale.h: In function ‘int std::__convert_from_v(__locale_struct* const&, char*, int, const char*, ...)’:
/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/9/bits/c++locale.h:75:53: error: ‘__gnu_cxx::__uselocale’ cannot be used as a function
75 | __c_locale __old = __gnu_cxx::__uselocale(__cloc);
| ^
/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/9/bits/c++locale.h:100:33: error: ‘__gnu_cxx::__uselocale’ cannot be used as a function
100 | __gnu_cxx::__uselocale(__old);
| ^
error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: /app/.heroku/python/bin/python -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-e4xp9bv_/pyicu/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-e4xp9bv_/pyicu/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-bdqgdfr6/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /app/.heroku/python/include/python3.7m/PyICU Check the logs for full command output.
! Push rejected, failed to compile Python app.
! Push failed
我有一个 requirements.txt 文件指定所有依赖项：
asgiref==3.2.7
astroid==2.3.3
beautifulsoup4==4.9.0
certifi==2020.6.20
chardet==3.0.4
click==7.1.2
colorama==0.4.3
confusable-homoglyphs==3.2.0
DAWG==0.8.0
DAWG-Python==0.7.2
defusedxml==0.6.0
diff-match-patch==20181111
dj-database-url==0.5.0
Django==3.0.3
django-autoslug-iplweb==1.9.4.dev0
django-bootstrap-form==3.4
django-bootstrap3==12.1.0
django-bootstrap4==1.1.1
django-chartit==0.2.9
django-cleanup==4.0.0
django-countries==6.1.2
django-filter==2.3.0
django-heroku==0.3.1
django-import-export==2.2.0
django-language-field==0.0.3
django-nested-admin==3.3.2
django-registration==3.1
django-restframework==0.0.1
django-tables2==2.3.1
djangorestframework==3.11.0
docopt==0.6.2
et-xmlfile==1.0.1
futures==3.1.1
gunicorn==20.1.0
idna==2.9
isort==4.3.21
jdcal==1.4.1
joblib==0.15.1
lazy-object-proxy==1.4.3
MarkupPy==1.14
mccabe==0.6.1
Morfessor==2.0.6
nltk==3.5
numpy==1.19.0
odfpy==1.4.1
openpyxl==3.0.3
Pillow==7.1.2
pkgconfig==1.5.1
polyglot==16.7.4
progressbar2==3.51.3
psycopg2==2.8.6
pycld2==0.41
# ./PyICU-2.4.3-cp38-cp38-win_amd64.whl <--I've tried various combinations here
PyICU==2.4.3
pylint==2.4.4
pymorphy2==0.8
pymorphy2-dicts==2.4.393442.3710985
pymystem3==0.2.0
python-dateutil==2.8.1
python-decouple==3.4
python-Levenshtein==0.12.0
python-monkey-business==1.0.0
python-utils==2.4.0
pytz==2019.3
PyYAML==5.3.1
regex==2020.6.8
requests==2.24.0
rutermextract==0.3
six==1.13.0
soupsieve==2.0
sqlparse==0.3.1
tablib==2.0.0
tqdm==4.46.1
unicodecsv==0.14.1
Unidecode==1.1.1
urllib3==1.25.9
whitenoise==5.2.0
wincertstore==0.2
wrapt==1.11.2
xlrd==1.2.0
xlwt==1.3.0
我的Procfile 如下所示：
web: gunicorn mysite.wsgi
在runtime.txt 我有：
python-3.8.10
如果有人能推荐修复方法，我将不胜感激，谢谢。我知道 PyICU 即使在本地也不是最容易安装的，但是我该如何告诉 Heroku 怎么做呢？
编辑：我尝试为 ICU 添加自定义 buildpack：https://github.com/generalassembly/heroku-icu-buildpack
它的运行似乎有点不同，但仍然会出现关于语言环境以及以下内容的错误：
gzip: stdin: not in gzip format
tar: Child returned status 1
tar: Error is not recoverable: exiting now
Building ICU 57.1
/tmp/codon/tmp/buildpacks/ad1815f7543324e4f0c006136b48e4be140b5627/bin/compile: line 24: pushd: icu/source: No such file or directory
/tmp/codon/tmp/buildpacks/ad1815f7543324e4f0c006136b48e4be140b5627/bin/compile: line 26: ./runConfigureICU: No such file or directory
make: *** No targets specified and no makefile found. Stop.
make: *** No rule to make target 'install'. Stop.
/tmp/codon/tmp/buildpacks/ad1815f7543324e4f0c006136b48e4be140b5627/bin/compile: line 30: popd: directory stack empty
Caching build
cp: cannot stat '/app/icu': No such file or directory
【问题讨论】：
这听起来令人难以置信的沮丧。您是否尝试过使用不同版本的 Python？比如3.9？ @TomHamiltonStubber 是的！你的意思是运行时规范还是我的项目？我在运行时尝试了 3.7，但不是 3.9。鉴于我的项目使用 3.8，我能做到吗？ 是的，3.8 中很少有在 3.9 中不起作用的东西。 @TomHamiltonStubber 我也试过 3.9，错误仍然存在。 请edit您的问题并显示您的完整requirements.txt。
【参考方案1】：
我自己没有尝试过，但可以使用heroku-buildpack-apt 使用他们的 Debian installation method 安装 PyICU。
否则，您的***需要与服务器操作系统的版本相同，而不是您的开发机器的操作系统。您可以尝试使用this *** answer 中的技术在 Heroku dyno 中构建***。
我没有测试这些方法的代码库，所以我不确定它们的效果如何。如果您尝试一下，我很乐意更新此答案。
【讨论】：
【参考方案2】：您为什么使用 Windows 滚轮 (PyICU-2.7.3-cp38-cp38m-win_amd64.whl)？你可能需要一个manylinux ***。
你也可以试试pyicu-binary包。
【讨论】：
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