SpringBootTest、Testcontainers、容器启动——映射端口只能在容器启动后获取
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【中文标题】SpringBootTest、Testcontainers、容器启动——映射端口只能在容器启动后获取【英文标题】:SpringBootTest, Testcontainers, container start up - Mapped port can only be obtained after the container is started 【发布时间】:2021-02-08 05:01:02 【问题描述】:我正在使用 docker/testcontainers 运行 postgresql 数据库进行测试。我已经为仅测试数据库访问的单元测试有效地做到了这一点。但是,我现在已经将 springboot 测试纳入其中,因此我可以使用嵌入式 Web 服务进行测试,但我遇到了问题。
问题似乎是在容器启动之前请求了 dataSource bean。
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'dataSource' defined in class path resource [com/myproject/integrationtests/IntegrationDataService.class]: Bean instantiation via factory method failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [javax.sql.DataSource]: Factory method 'dataSource' threw exception; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalStateException: Mapped port can only be obtained after the container is started
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [javax.sql.DataSource]: Factory method 'dataSource' threw exception; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalStateException: Mapped port can only be obtained after the container is started
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Mapped port can only be obtained after the container is started
这是我的 SpringBootTest:
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = IntegrationDataService.class, TestApplication.class,
webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
public class SpringBootTestControllerTesterIT
@Autowired
private MyController myController;
@LocalServerPort
private int port;
@Autowired
private TestRestTemplate restTemplate;
@Test
public void testRestControllerHello()
String url = "http://localhost:" + port + "/mycontroller/hello";
ResponseEntity<String> result =
restTemplate.getForEntity(url, String.class);
assertEquals(result.getStatusCode(), HttpStatus.OK);
assertEquals(result.getBody(), "hello");
这是我从测试中引用的 Spring Boot 应用程序:
@SpringBootApplication
public class TestApplication
public static void main(String[] args)
SpringApplication.run(TestApplication.class, args);
这是用于启动容器并为其他所有内容提供会话工厂/数据源的 IntegrationDataService 类
@Testcontainers
@TestInstance(TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS)
@EnableTransactionManagement
@Configuration
public class IntegrationDataService
@Container
public static PostgreSQLContainer postgreSQLContainer = (PostgreSQLContainer) new PostgreSQLContainer("postgres:9.6")
.withDatabaseName("test")
.withUsername("sa")
.withPassword("sa")
.withInitScript("db/postgresql/schema.sql");
@Bean
public Properties hibernateProperties()
Properties hibernateProp = new Properties();
hibernateProp.put("hibernate.dialect", "org.hibernate.dialect.PostgreSQLDialect");
hibernateProp.put("hibernate.format_sql", true);
hibernateProp.put("hibernate.use_sql_comments", true);
// hibernateProp.put("hibernate.show_sql", true);
hibernateProp.put("hibernate.max_fetch_depth", 3);
hibernateProp.put("hibernate.jdbc.batch_size", 10);
hibernateProp.put("hibernate.jdbc.fetch_size", 50);
hibernateProp.put("hibernate.id.new_generator_mappings", false);
// hibernateProp.put("hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto", "create-drop");
// hibernateProp.put("hibernate.jdbc.lob.non_contextual_creation", true);
return hibernateProp;
@Bean
public SessionFactory sessionFactory() throws IOException
LocalSessionFactoryBean sessionFactoryBean = new LocalSessionFactoryBean();
sessionFactoryBean.setDataSource(dataSource());
sessionFactoryBean.setHibernateProperties(hibernateProperties());
sessionFactoryBean.setPackagesToScan("com.myproject.model.entities");
sessionFactoryBean.afterPropertiesSet();
return sessionFactoryBean.getObject();
@Bean
public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager() throws IOException
return new HibernateTransactionManager(sessionFactory());
@Bean
public DataSource dataSource()
BasicDataSource dataSource = new BasicDataSource();
dataSource.setDriverClassName(postgreSQLContainer.getDriverClassName());
dataSource.setUrl(postgreSQLContainer.getJdbcUrl());
dataSource.setUsername(postgreSQLContainer.getUsername());
dataSource.setPassword(postgreSQLContainer.getPassword());
return dataSource;
在容器启动之前从其中一个 Dao 类的 sessionFactory 请求数据源 bean 时发生错误。
我到底做错了什么?
谢谢!!!
【问题讨论】:
【参考方案1】:java.lang.IllegalStateException: Mapped port can only be obtained after the container is started
异常的原因是,现在在您使用 @SpringBootTest
进行测试期间创建 Spring 上下文时,它会尝试在应用程序启动时连接到数据库。
由于您仅在 IntegrationDataService
类中启动 PostgreSQL,因此存在时间问题,因为您无法获取 JDBC URL 或在应用程序启动时创建连接,因为此 bean 尚未正确创建。
一般来说,您应该不在IntegrationDataService
类中使用任何与测试相关的代码。启动/停止数据库应该在您的测试设置中完成。
这确保首先启动数据库容器,等待它启动并运行,然后才启动实际测试并创建 Spring 上下文。
我总结了带有 Testcontainers 和 Spring Boot 的 JUnit 4/5 所需的设置机制,这对您有帮助 get the setup right。
最后,这可能如下所示
// JUnit 5 example with Spring Boot >= 2.2.6
@Testcontainers
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
public class ApplicationIT
@Container
public static PostgreSQLContainer postgreSQLContainer = new PostgreSQLContainer()
.withPassword("inmemory")
.withUsername("inmemory");
@DynamicPropertySource
static void postgresqlProperties(DynamicPropertyRegistry registry)
registry.add("spring.datasource.url", postgreSQLContainer::getJdbcUrl);
registry.add("spring.datasource.password", postgreSQLContainer::getPassword);
registry.add("spring.datasource.username", postgreSQLContainer::getUsername);
@Test
public void contextLoads()
【讨论】:
太棒了。谢谢你。我让它工作了。但问题是,通过创建 IntegrationDataService 类 ApplicationContextAware 来访问您注册的这些属性的最佳方式是什么? (这就是我所做的) 如果不是绝对必要的话,我不会自己手动创建 HibernateSession
。让 Spring Boot 为您自动配置一切,而您只需在您的 application.yml
中提供 spring.datasource.url
等
这个设置比较简单。谢谢你的回答。以上是关于SpringBootTest、Testcontainers、容器启动——映射端口只能在容器启动后获取的主要内容,如果未能解决你的问题,请参考以下文章
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