在 Kaggle 上使用 Python 绘制地图：地图未显示
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【中文标题】在 Kaggle 上使用 Python 绘制地图：地图未显示【英文标题】：Maps with Python on Kaggle: map not displayed 【发布时间】：2019-02-03 11:52:20 【问题描述】：问题已更新 - 请参阅下面的编辑部分！
我正在处理Kaggle Dataset about the recent history of the Olympic Games。
我想在内核中添加一些地图，以使用 plotly 显示世界各地的金牌得主分布。
我使用了以下不显示输出的代码，您能帮忙吗？
import plotly.graph_objs as go
from plotly.offline import init_notebook_mode,iplot
init_notebook_mode(connected=True)
data = dict(type = 'choropleth',
locations = goldMedals['region'],
locationmode = 'country names',
colorscale = 'Viridis',
reversescale = True,
text= goldMedals['region'],
z = goldMedals['region'],
colorbar = 'title':'gold medals')
layout = dict(title = 'gold medals',
geo = dict(showframe = False,projection = 'type':'Mercator')
)
如果您需要查看所有数据，您可以查看the complete Kernel on Kaggle。
编辑 1：感谢收到的第一个答案，我添加了以下代码来显示地图，但我收到了 valueError
fig = dict(data=data, layout=layout)
iplot(fig)
错误：
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ValueError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-11-62ab92846e12> in <module>()
1 fig = dict(data=data, layout=layout)
----> 2 iplot(fig)
/opt/conda/lib/python3.6/site-packages/plotly/offline/offline.py in iplot(figure_or_data, show_link, link_text, validate, image, filename, image_width, image_height, config)
334 config.setdefault('linkText', link_text)
335
--> 336 figure = tools.return_figure_from_figure_or_data(figure_or_data, validate)
337
338 # Though it can add quite a bit to the display-bundle size, we include
/opt/conda/lib/python3.6/site-packages/plotly/tools.py in return_figure_from_figure_or_data(figure_or_data, validate_figure)
1473
1474 try:
-> 1475 figure = Figure(**figure).to_dict()
1476 except exceptions.PlotlyError as err:
1477 raise exceptions.PlotlyError("Invalid 'figure_or_data' argument. "
/opt/conda/lib/python3.6/site-packages/plotly/graph_objs/_figure.py in __init__(self, data, layout, frames)
312 respective traces in the data attribute
313 """
--> 314 super(Figure, self).__init__(data, layout, frames)
315
316 def add_area(
/opt/conda/lib/python3.6/site-packages/plotly/basedatatypes.py in __init__(self, data, layout_plotly, frames)
114
115 # ### Import traces ###
--> 116 data = self._data_validator.validate_coerce(data)
117
118 # ### Save tuple of trace objects ###
/opt/conda/lib/python3.6/site-packages/_plotly_utils/basevalidators.py in validate_coerce(self, v)
1977
1978 else:
-> 1979 self.raise_invalid_val(v)
1980
1981 return v
/opt/conda/lib/python3.6/site-packages/_plotly_utils/basevalidators.py in raise_invalid_val(self, v)
214 typ=type_str(v),
215 v=repr(v),
--> 216 valid_clr_desc=self.description()))
217
218 def raise_invalid_elements(self, invalid_els):
ValueError:
Invalid value of type 'builtins.dict' received for the 'data' property of
Received value: 'type': 'choropleth', 'locations': 3 Denmark
42 Finland
44 Finland
48 Finland
60 Norway
73 Norway
76 Norway
78 Norway
79 Norway
113 Norway
117 Norway
150 France
172 Belarus
173 France
174 France
178 Cameroon
182 Spain
188 Spain
200 France
218 Italy
219 Italy
220 Italy
221 Italy
222 Italy
226 Italy
227 Italy
283 USA
524 Pakistan
550 Russia
587 Uzbekistan
...
270411 Italy
270416 Italy
270431 China
270432 China
270433 China
270434 China
270435 China
270439 China
270440 China
270477 Serbia
270480 Russia
270514 Croatia
270552 Hungary
270588 Russia
270609 Russia
270610 Russia
270641 Russia
270676 Italy
270770 Germany
270773 Russia
270876 Switzerland
270896 Germany
270917 Switzerland
270934 Russia
270970 Belarus
270981 Georgia
271009 Germany
271016 Netherlands
271049 Netherlands
271076 Russia
Name: region, Length: 13224, dtype: object, 'locationmode': 'country names', 'colorscale': 'Viridis', 'reversescale': True, 'text': 3 Denmark
42 Finland
44 Finland
48 Finland
60 Norway
73 Norway
76 Norway
78 Norway
79 Norway
113 Norway
117 Norway
150 France
172 Belarus
173 France
174 France
178 Cameroon
182 Spain
188 Spain
200 France
218 Italy
219 Italy
220 Italy
221 Italy
222 Italy
226 Italy
227 Italy
283 USA
524 Pakistan
550 Russia
587 Uzbekistan
...
270411 Italy
270416 Italy
270431 China
270432 China
270433 China
270434 China
270435 China
270439 China
270440 China
270477 Serbia
270480 Russia
270514 Croatia
270552 Hungary
270588 Russia
270609 Russia
270610 Russia
270641 Russia
270676 Italy
270770 Germany
270773 Russia
270876 Switzerland
270896 Germany
270917 Switzerland
270934 Russia
270970 Belarus
270981 Georgia
271009 Germany
271016 Netherlands
271049 Netherlands
271076 Russia
Name: region, Length: 13224, dtype: object, 'z': 3 Denmark
42 Finland
44 Finland
48 Finland
60 Norway
73 Norway
76 Norway
78 Norway
79 Norway
113 Norway
117 Norway
150 France
172 Belarus
173 France
174 France
178 Cameroon
182 Spain
188 Spain
200 France
218 Italy
219 Italy
220 Italy
221 Italy
222 Italy
226 Italy
227 Italy
283 USA
524 Pakistan
550 Russia
587 Uzbekistan
...
270411 Italy
270416 Italy
270431 China
270432 China
270433 China
270434 China
270435 China
270439 China
270440 China
270477 Serbia
270480 Russia
270514 Croatia
270552 Hungary
270588 Russia
270609 Russia
270610 Russia
270641 Russia
270676 Italy
270770 Germany
270773 Russia
270876 Switzerland
270896 Germany
270917 Switzerland
270934 Russia
270970 Belarus
270981 Georgia
271009 Germany
271016 Netherlands
271049 Netherlands
271076 Russia
Name: region, Length: 13224, dtype: object, 'colorbar': 'title': 'gold medals'
The 'data' property is a tuple of trace instances
that may be specified as:
- A list or tuple of trace instances
(e.g. [Scatter(...), Bar(...)])
- A list or tuple of dicts of string/value properties where:
- The 'type' property specifies the trace type
One of: ['area', 'bar', 'box', 'candlestick', 'carpet',
'choropleth', 'cone', 'contour',
'contourcarpet', 'heatmap', 'heatmapgl',
'histogram', 'histogram2d',
'histogram2dcontour', 'mesh3d', 'ohlc',
'parcoords', 'pie', 'pointcloud', 'sankey',
'scatter', 'scatter3d', 'scattercarpet',
'scattergeo', 'scattergl', 'scattermapbox',
'scatterpolar', 'scatterpolargl',
'scatterternary', 'splom', 'streamtube',
'surface', 'table', 'violin']
- All remaining properties are passed to the constructor of
the specified trace type
(e.g. ['type': 'scatter', ..., 'type': 'bar, ...])
【问题讨论】：
【参考方案1】：要创建输出，您需要使用 data 和 layout 变量创建图形。然后使用iplot显示图。
fig = dict(data=data, layout=layout)
iplot(fig)
根据您尝试制作的地图类型，您可能需要重新格式化data 和layout 变量。您可以找到不同的地图选项here。
【讨论】：
感谢您的评论！添加您的代码我有一个 valueError，我已经更新了添加它的问题。 终于有机会查看你的 kaggle notebook 并在你的原始代码中发现 2 个错误。 (1)data 应该是一个列表。所以data = [dict(...)] 和（2）墨卡托应该是小写的mercator
地图已显示，我将此问题标记为已解决，谢谢！不幸的是，所有国家都是以 NaN 作为奖牌数量的市场。我将提出一个新问题，因为这是一个不同的问题。谢谢！以上是关于在 Kaggle 上使用 Python 绘制地图：地图未显示的主要内容，如果未能解决你的问题，请参考以下文章