如何将包含 SysV 初始化脚本的 RPM 包移植到 systemd？

Posted 2023-02-16

【中文标题】如何将包含 SysV 初始化脚本的 RPM 包移植到 systemd？

【英文标题】：How to port an RPM package consist of SysV init script to systemd?

【发布时间】：2015-09-07 05:55:03

【问题描述】：

我为我的守护进程创建了一个 RPM 包，它在安装时在 /etc/init.d/ 下创建服务初始化脚本 现在我想为 CentOS7.1 移植这个 RPM 包，并使用 systemd 框架通过 boot 以及管理员通过 start/stop 命令启动服务。

我找不到任何教程。请帮忙。

编辑： 我尝试了msuchy给出的建议。

我试过了，这是我的观察

基于sysV的框架（CentOS6.5）

[root@adil work]# /etc/init.d/daemon_script statusService daemon: Stopped[root@adil work]# /etc/init.d/daemon_script startStarting daemon: Initializing daemon... [ OK ][root@adil work]#[root@adil work]# /etc/init.d/daemon_script statusService daemon: Running[root@adil work]#[root@adil work]# /etc/init.d/daemon_script stopShutting down parent daemon: [ OK ][root@adil work]# /etc/init.d/daemon_script statusService daemon: Stopped[root@adil work]#

============ 在基于 systemd 的框架上，我在 CentOS7.1 上安装了相同的 RPM

[root@localhost x86_64]# /etc/init.d/daemon_scriptUsage: /etc/init.d/daemon_script start|stop|restart|status[root@localhost x86_64]# /etc/init.d/daemon_script startStarting daemon_script (via systemctl): Warning: Unit file of daemon_script.service changed on disk, 'systemctl daemon-reload' recommended.Job for daemon_script.service failed. See 'systemctl status daemon_script.service' and 'journalctl -xn' for details.[FAILED][root@localhost x86_64]# systemctl daemon-reload[root@localhost x86_64]# systemctl status daemon_script.servicedaemon_script.service - SYSV: start and stop Test daemon service.Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/daemon_script)Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Fri 2015-09-11 15:30:44 IST; 32s ago

Sep 11 15:30:44 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting SYSV: start and st...Sep 11 15:30:44 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: daemon_script.service: cont...Sep 11 15:30:44 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Failed to start SYSV: start...Sep 11 15:30:44 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Unit daemon_script.service ...Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.[root@localhost x86_64]# systemctl status daemon_script.service -ldaemon_script.service - SYSV: start and stop Test daemon service.Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/daemon_script)Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Fri 2015-09-11 15:30:44 IST; 46s ago

Sep 11 15:30:44 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting SYSV: start and stop Test daemon service....Sep 11 15:30:44 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: daemon_script.service: control process exited, code=exited status=203Sep 11 15:30:44 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Failed to start SYSV: start and stop Test daemon service..Sep 11 15:30:44 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Unit daemon_script.service entered failed state.[root@localhost x86_64]#

journalctl -xn 的输出

-- Logs begin at Fri 2015-09-11 14:50:35 IST, end at Fri 2015-09-11 15:40:01 IST. --Sep 11 15:31:03 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: [/usr/lib/systemd/system/dm-event.socket:10] Unknown lvalue 'RemoveOnStop' in section 'Socket'Sep 11 15:39:33 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting SYSV: start and stop Test daemon service....-- Subject: Unit daemon_script.service has begun with start-up-- Defined-By: systemd-- Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel---- Unit daemon_script.service has begun starting up.Sep 11 15:39:33 localhost.localdomain systemd[8509]: Failed at step EXECspawning /etc/rc.d/init.d/daemon_script: Exec format error-- Subject: Process /etc/rc.d/init.d/daemon_script could not be executed-- Defined-By: systemd-- Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel---- The process /etc/rc.d/init.d/daemon_script could not be executed and failed.---- The error number returned while executing this process is 8.Sep 11 15:39:33 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: daemon_script.service: control process exited, code=exited status=203Sep 11 15:39:33 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Failed to start SYSV: start and stop Test daemon service..-- Subject: Unit daemon_script.service has failed-- Defined-By: systemd-- Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel---- Unit daemon_script.service has failed.---- The result is failed.Sep 11 15:39:33 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Unit daemon_script.service entered failed state.Sep 11 15:40:01 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Created slice user-0.slice.-- Subject: Unit user-0.slice has finished start-up-- Defined-By: systemd-- Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel---- Unit user-0.slice has finished starting up.@987654394 @-- The start-up result is done.Sep 11 15:40:01 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting Session 7 of user root.-- Subject: Unit session-7.scope has begun with start-up-- Defined-By: systemd-- Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel---- Unit session-7.scope has begun starting up.Sep 11 15:40:01 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started Session 7 of user root.-- Subject: Unit session-7.scope has finished start-up-- Defined-By: systemd-- Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel---- Unit session-7.scope has finished starting up.---- The start-up result is done.Sep 11 15:40:01 localhost.localdomain CROND[8528]: (root) CMD (/usr/lib64/sa/sa1 1 1)[root@localhost x86_64]#

【问题讨论】：

也许这会有用？ 0pointer.de/blog/projects/systemd-for-admins-3.html

即使您的服务位于 /etc/init.d/ 下，您也可以使用 systemd。只是单元文件为你提供了更多的选择更容易编写。

@msuchy 怎么样？我不是很清楚。在 centOS7 中，我看不到 /etc/init.d/ 目录中的任何条目

你看过我在your other similar question上给你的资源了吗？

您很可能在初始化脚本的第一行缺少 shebang ("#!/usr/bin/bash/")。

【参考方案1】：

您不需要迁移脚本。

这可能会更好，您可以利用 Systemd 的一些有趣功能，您的文件会更小。但是您确实不需要迁移。 Systemd 也可以正确处理 SysV 初始化文件。

您在 CentOS 7 安装中找不到任何 SysV 初始化文件，因为 Red Hat 打包者（创建 CentOS）努力打包并将所有 SysV 文件迁移到单元文件。但你不需要。

这只是您需要完成的一项任务。放置新的 SysV 文件后，您必须使用

重新加载 systemd 管理器配置

# systemctl daemon-reload

就是这样。 我举个小例子

# cat /etc/init.d/foo
#!/usr/bin/sh
echo ahoy

# chmod a+x /etc/init.d/foo
# systemctl start foo
Failed to start foo.service: Unit foo.service failed to load: No such file or directory.
# systemctl daemon-reload
# systemctl start foo
# journalctl -xn
-- Subject: Unit foo.service has finished start-up
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel
-- 
-- Unit foo.service has finished starting up.
-- 
-- The start-up result is done.
# service foo start
ahoy

所以你可以像从 CentOS 6 一样使用所有命令（chkconfig、service）。当你有时间的时候，你可以学习man systemd.unit(5) 和一堆其他的手册页（参见“另见”手册页）。