Python3 错误:TypeError:无法将“字节”对象隐式转换为 str
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【中文标题】Python3 错误:TypeError:无法将“字节”对象隐式转换为 str【英文标题】:Python3 Error: TypeError: Can't convert 'bytes' object to str implicitly 【发布时间】:2013-05-17 22:52:34 【问题描述】:我正在 learnpythonthehardway 中的练习 41 并不断收到错误:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File ".\url.py", line 72, in <module>
question, answer = convert(snippet, phrase)
File ".\url.py", line 50, in convert
result = result.replace("###", word, 1)
TypeError: Can't convert 'bytes' object to str implicitly
我使用的是python3,而书籍使用的是python2,所以我做了一些更改。这是脚本:
#!/usr/bin/python
# Filename: urllib.py
import random
from random import shuffle
from urllib.request import urlopen
import sys
WORD_URL = "http://learncodethehardway.org/words.txt"
WORDS = []
PHRASES =
"class ###(###):":
"Make a class named ### that is-a ###.",
"class ###(object):\n\tdef __init__(self, ***)" :
"class ### has-a __init__ that takes self and *** parameters.",
"class ###(object):\n\tdef ***(self, @@@)":
"class ### has-a funciton named *** that takes self and @@@ parameters.",
"*** = ###()":
"Set *** to an instance of class ###.",
"***.*** = '***'":
"From *** get the *** attribute and set it to '***'."
# do they want to drill phrases first
PHRASE_FIRST = False
if len(sys.argv) == 2 and sys.argv[1] == "english":
PHRASE_FIRST = True
# load up the words from the website
for word in urlopen(WORD_URL).readlines():
WORDS.append(word.strip())
def convert(snippet, phrase):
class_names = [w.capitalize() for w in
random.sample(WORDS, snippet.count("###"))]
other_names = random.sample(WORDS, snippet.count("***"))
results = []
param_names = []
for i in range(0, snippet.count("@@@")):
param_count = random.randint(1,3)
param_names.append(', '.join(random.sample(WORDS, param_count)))
for sentence in snippet, phrase:
result = sentence[:]
# fake class names
for word in class_names:
result = result.replace("###", word, 1)
# fake other names
for word in other_names:
result = result.replace("***", word, 1)
# fake parameter lists
for word in param_names:
result = result.replace("@@@", word, 1)
results.append(result)
return results
# keep going until they hit CTRL-D
try:
while True:
snippets = list(PHRASES.keys())
random.shuffle(snippets)
for snippet in snippets:
phrase = PHRASES[snippet]
question, answer = convert(snippet, phrase)
if PHRASE_FIRST:
question, answer = answer, question
print(question)
input("> ")
print("ANSWER: \n\n".format(answer))
except EOFError:
print("\nBye")
我到底做错了什么?谢谢!
【问题讨论】:
附带说明,当您从urllib
包导入文件时,将文件命名为 urllib.py
是一个非常落后的想法。但这不是你的问题。
另外,for word in urlopen(WORD_URL).readlines():
很傻;就做for word in urlopen(WORD_URL):
。我假设您是从您正在关注的教程中获得的,这意味着该教程不仅是为 python2 编写的,而且是为非常古老的 python2 编写的(或者至少是由习惯于非常古老的 python2 的人编写的),所以......如果你想学习如何编写现代的、惯用的 Python,你可能想找到一个更新的教程。
我在这个链接中找到了解释(和提供的解决方案):mkyong.com/python/… 非常有帮助。
【参考方案1】:
urlopen()
返回一个字节对象,要对其执行字符串操作,您应该先将其转换为str
。
for word in urlopen(WORD_URL).readlines():
WORDS.append(word.strip().decode('utf-8')) # utf-8 works in your case
要获得正确的字符集:How to download any(!) webpage with correct charset in python?
【讨论】:
除非数据实际上不是 UTF-8。你在这里很幸运,因为它恰好是 ASCII,它是 UTF-8 的严格子集,但假设你在任何地方都会如此幸运是不好的。【参考方案2】:在 Python 3 中,urlopen
function 返回一个 HTTPResponse
对象,其作用类似于二进制文件。所以,当你这样做时:
for word in urlopen(WORD_URL).readlines():
WORDS.append(word.strip())
...你最终会得到一堆 bytes
对象而不是 str
对象。所以当你这样做时:
result = result.replace("###", word, 1)
...您最终尝试将字符串result
中的字符串"###"
替换为bytes
对象,而不是str
。因此错误:
TypeError: Can't convert 'bytes' object to str implicitly
答案是在获得单词后立即对其进行显式解码。为此,您必须从 HTTP 标头中找出正确的编码。你是怎么做到的?
在这种情况下,我阅读了标题,我可以看出它是 ASCII,而且它显然是一个静态页面,所以:
for word in urlopen(WORD_URL).readlines():
WORDS.append(word.strip().decode('ascii'))
但在现实生活中,您通常需要编写代码来读取标题并动态计算出来。或者,更好的是,安装一个更高级别的库,如 requests
,does that for you automatically。
【讨论】:
【参考方案3】:将字节类型'word'显式转换为字符串
result = result.replace("###", sre(word), 1)
它应该可以工作
【讨论】:
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