Java - 从混音器录制
Posted
技术标签:
【中文标题】Java - 从混音器录制【英文标题】：Java - recording from mixer 【发布时间】：2011-08-25 12:54:32 【问题描述】：我有一个与我之前的问题有关的问题。我想从混音器（扬声器）录制音频，我正在使用 javax.sound。我必须设置audioFormat，但我不知道在那里输入什么：/使用类ListMixer（我在这里找到-> http://forums.oracle.com/forums/thread.jspa?threadID=2198477&tstart=2），我写了这样的东西：http://forums.oracle.com/forums/thread.jspa?threadID=2198477&tstart=2但我没有任何信息关于采样率（未知采样率）。程序抛出此异常：
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException：不支持行：接口 TargetDataLine 支持格式 PCM_UNSIGNED 44100.0 Hz，8 位，单声道，4 字节/帧，
代码：
package sound;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.io.*;
import javax.sound.sampled.*;
public class AudioCapture02 extends JFrame
boolean stopCapture = false;
ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream;
AudioFormat audioFormat;
TargetDataLine targetDataLine;
AudioInputStream audioInputStream;
SourceDataLine sourceDataLine;
public AudioCapture02()//constructor
final JButton captureBtn =
new JButton("Capture");
final JButton stopBtn = new JButton("Stop");
final JButton playBtn =
new JButton("Playback");
captureBtn.setEnabled(true);
stopBtn.setEnabled(false);
playBtn.setEnabled(false);
//Register anonymous listeners
captureBtn.addActionListener(
new ActionListener()
public void actionPerformed(
ActionEvent e)
captureBtn.setEnabled(false);
stopBtn.setEnabled(true);
playBtn.setEnabled(false);
//Capture input data from the
// microphone until the Stop button is
// clicked.
captureAudio();
//end actionPerformed
//end ActionListener
);//end addActionListener()
getContentPane().add(captureBtn);
stopBtn.addActionListener(
new ActionListener()
public void actionPerformed(
ActionEvent e)
captureBtn.setEnabled(true);
stopBtn.setEnabled(false);
playBtn.setEnabled(true);
//Terminate the capturing of input data
// from the microphone.
stopCapture = true;
//end actionPerformed
//end ActionListener
);//end addActionListener()
getContentPane().add(stopBtn);
playBtn.addActionListener(
new ActionListener()
public void actionPerformed(
ActionEvent e)
//Play back all of the data that was
// saved during capture.
playAudio();
//end actionPerformed
//end ActionListener
);//end addActionListener()
getContentPane().add(playBtn);
getContentPane().setLayout(new FlowLayout());
setTitle("Capture/Playback Demo");
setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
setSize(250,70);
setVisible(true);
//end constructor
//This method captures audio input from a
// microphone and saves it in a
// ByteArrayOutputStream object.
private void captureAudio()
try
//Get and display a list of
// available mixers.
Mixer.Info[] mixerInfo = Audiosystem.getMixerInfo();
System.out.println("Available mixers:");
for(int cnt = 0; cnt < mixerInfo.length;
cnt++)
System.out.println(mixerInfo[cnt].
getName());
//end for loop
//Get everything set up for capture
audioFormat = new AudioFormat(AudioFormat.Encoding.PCM_UNSIGNED, 44100.0F, 8, 1, 4, 44100.0F,
false);
DataLine.Info dataLineInfo =
new DataLine.Info(
TargetDataLine.class,
audioFormat);
ListMixers lm = new ListMixers();
lm.listAll(new PrintWriter(System.out));
System.out.println(" AKTUALNY => "+mixerInfo[0].getName());
Mixer mixer = AudioSystem.getMixer(mixerInfo[0]);
//Get a TargetDataLine on the selected
// mixer.
targetDataLine = (TargetDataLine)
mixer.getLine(dataLineInfo);
//Prepare the line for use.
targetDataLine.open(audioFormat);
targetDataLine.start();
//Create a thread to capture the microphone
// data and start it running. It will run
// until the Stop button is clicked.
Thread captureThread = new CaptureThread();
captureThread.start();
catch (Exception e)
System.out.println(e);
System.exit(0);
//end catch
//end captureAudio method
//This method plays back the audio data that
// has been saved in the ByteArrayOutputStream
private void playAudio()
try
//Get everything set up for playback.
//Get the previously-saved data into a byte
// array object.
byte audioData[] = byteArrayOutputStream.
toByteArray();
//Get an input stream on the byte array
// containing the data
InputStream byteArrayInputStream =
new ByteArrayInputStream(audioData);
AudioFormat audioFormat = getAudioFormat();
audioInputStream = new AudioInputStream(
byteArrayInputStream,
audioFormat,
audioData.length/audioFormat.
getFrameSize());
DataLine.Info dataLineInfo =
new DataLine.Info(
SourceDataLine.class,
audioFormat);
sourceDataLine = (SourceDataLine)
AudioSystem.getLine(dataLineInfo);
sourceDataLine.open(audioFormat);
sourceDataLine.start();
//Create a thread to play back the data and
// start it running. It will run until
// all the data has been played back.
Thread playThread = new PlayThread();
playThread.start();
catch (Exception e)
System.out.println(e);
System.exit(0);
//end catch
//end playAudio
//This method creates and returns an
// AudioFormat object for a given set of format
// parameters. If these parameters don't work
// well for you, try some of the other
// allowable parameter values, which are shown
// in comments following the declartions.
private AudioFormat getAudioFormat()
float sampleRate = 8000.0F;
//8000,11025,16000,22050,44100
int sampleSizeInBits = 16;
//8,16
int channels = 1;
//1,2
boolean signed = true;
//true,false
boolean bigEndian = false;
//true,false
return new AudioFormat(
sampleRate,
sampleSizeInBits,
channels,
signed,
bigEndian);
//end getAudioFormat
//=============================================//
//Inner class to capture data from microphone
class CaptureThread extends Thread
//An arbitrary-size temporary holding buffer
byte tempBuffer[] = new byte[10000];
public void run()
byteArrayOutputStream =
new ByteArrayOutputStream();
stopCapture = false;
try//Loop until stopCapture is set by
// another thread that services the Stop
// button.
while(!stopCapture)
//Read data from the internal buffer of
// the data line.
int cnt = targetDataLine.read(tempBuffer,
0,
tempBuffer.length);
if(cnt > 0)
//Save data in output stream object.
byteArrayOutputStream.write(tempBuffer,
0,
cnt);
//end if
//end while
byteArrayOutputStream.close();
catch (Exception e)
System.out.println(e);
System.exit(0);
//end catch
//end run
//end inner class CaptureThread
//===================================//
//Inner class to play back the data
// that was saved.
class PlayThread extends Thread
byte tempBuffer[] = new byte[10000];
public void run()
try
int cnt;
//Keep looping until the input read method
// returns -1 for empty stream.
while((cnt = audioInputStream.read(
tempBuffer, 0,
tempBuffer.length)) != -1)
if(cnt > 0)
//Write data to the internal buffer of
// the data line where it will be
// delivered to the speaker.
sourceDataLine.write(tempBuffer,0,cnt);
//end if
//end while
//Block and wait for internal buffer of the
// data line to empty.
sourceDataLine.drain();
sourceDataLine.close();
catch (Exception e)
System.out.println(e);
System.exit(0);
//end catch
//end run
//end inner class PlayThread
//=============================================//
class ListMixers
PrintWriter out;
void listAll(final PrintWriter out)
this.out = out;
Mixer.Info[] aInfos = AudioSystem.getMixerInfo();
for (int i = 0; i < aInfos.length; i++)
try
Mixer mixer = AudioSystem.getMixer(aInfos[i]);
out.println(""+i+": "+aInfos[i].getName()+", "
+aInfos[i].getVendor()+", "
+aInfos[i].getVersion()+", "
+aInfos[i].getDescription());
printLines(mixer, mixer.getSourceLineInfo());
printLines(mixer, mixer.getTargetLineInfo());
catch (Exception e)
out.println("Exception: "+e);
out.println();
if (aInfos.length == 0)
out.println("[No mixers available]");
void printLines(Mixer mixer, Line.Info[] infos)
for (int i = 0; i < infos.length; i++)
try
if (infos[i] instanceof Port.Info)
Port.Info info = (Port.Info) infos[i];
out.println(" Port " + info);
if (infos[i] instanceof DataLine.Info)
DataLine.Info info = (DataLine.Info) infos[i];
out.println(" Line " + info + " (max. " +
mixer.getMaxLines(info) + " simultaneously): ");
printFormats(info);
Line line = mixer.getLine(infos[i]);
if (!(line instanceof Clip))
try
line.open();
catch (LineUnavailableException e)
out.println("LineUnavailableException when trying to open this line");
try
printControls(line.getControls());
finally
if (!(line instanceof Clip))
line.close();
catch (Exception e)
out.println("Exception: " + e);
out.println();
void printFormats(DataLine.Info info)
AudioFormat[] formats = info.getFormats();
for (int i = 0; i < formats.length; i++)
out.println(" "+i+": "+formats[i]
+" ("+formats[i].getChannels()+" channels, "
+"frameSize="+formats[i].getFrameSize()+", "
+(formats[i].isBigEndian()?"big endian":"little endian")
+")");
if (formats.length == 0)
out.println(" [no formats]");
out.println();
void printControls(Control[] controls)
for (int i = 0; i<controls.length; i++)
printControl(" ", "Controls["+i+"]: ", controls[i]);
if (controls.length == 0)
out.println(" [no controls]");
out.println();
void printControl(String indent, String id, Control control)
if (control instanceof BooleanControl)
BooleanControl ctrl = (BooleanControl) control;
out.println(indent+id+"BooleanControl: "+ctrl);
else if (control instanceof CompoundControl)
CompoundControl ctrl = (CompoundControl) control;
Control[] ctrls = ctrl.getMemberControls();
out.println(indent+id+"CompoundControl: "+control);
for (int i=0; i<ctrls.length; i++)
printControl(indent+" ", "MemberControls["+i+"]: ", ctrls[i]);
else if (control instanceof EnumControl)
EnumControl ctrl = (EnumControl) control;
Object[] values = ctrl.getValues();
Object value = ctrl.getValue();
out.println(indent+id+"EnumControl: "+control);
for (int i=0; i<values.length; i++)
if (values[i] instanceof Control)
printControl(indent+" ", "Values["+i+"]: "+((values[i]==value)?"*":""), (Control) values[i]);
else
out.println(indent+" Values["+i+"]: "+((values[i]==value)?"*":"")+values[i]);
else if (control instanceof FloatControl)
FloatControl ctrl = (FloatControl) control;
out.println(indent+id+"FloatControl: "+ctrl);
else
out.println(indent+id+"Control: "+control);
//end outer class AudioCapture02.java
【问题讨论】：
在哪里可以找到解决方案？ 【参考方案1】：您将使用您创建的 AudioFormat 获得 TargetDataLine。这不能保证有效。您必须首先使用AudioSystem.isLineSupported(Info info) 方法查询混音器以检查它是否支持您想要的音频格式。
就我个人而言，我觉得这很麻烦。您需要查询系统上的 Mixer 以确定它们是否支持您想要的 AudioFormat。
下面的函数将获取数据线类支持格式的向量。调用它使用
Vector<AudioFormat> formats = getSupportedFormats(TargetDataLine.class);
或
Vector<AudioFormat> formats = getSupportedFormats(SourceDataLine.class);
这段代码可能需要一些调试；我不得不删除我的一些特定于应用程序的东西以使其独立...
public Vector<AudioFormat> getSupportedFormats(Class<?> dataLineClass)
/*
* These define our criteria when searching for formats supported
* by Mixers on the system.
*/
float sampleRates[] = (float) 8000.0, (float) 16000.0, (float) 44100.0 ;
int channels[] = 1, 2 ;
int bytesPerSample[] = 2 ;
AudioFormat format;
DataLine.Info lineInfo;
SystemAudioProfile profile = new SystemAudioProfile(); // Used for allocating MixerDetails below.
Vector<AudioFormat> formats = new Vector<AudioFormat>();
for (Mixer.Info mixerInfo : AudioSystem.getMixerInfo())
for (int a = 0; a < sampleRates.length; a++)
for (int b = 0; b < channels.length; b++)
for (int c = 0; c < bytesPerSample.length; c++)
format = new AudioFormat(AudioFormat.Encoding.PCM_SIGNED,
sampleRates[a], 8 * bytesPerSample[c], channels[b], bytesPerSample[c],
sampleRates[a], false);
lineInfo = new DataLine.Info(dataLineClass, format);
if (AudioSystem.isLineSupported(lineInfo))
/*
* TODO: To perform an exhaustive search on supported lines, we should open
* TODO: each Mixer and get the supported lines. Do this if this approach
* TODO: doesn't give decent results. For the moment, we just work with whatever
* TODO: the unopened mixers tell us.
*/
if (AudioSystem.getMixer(mixerInfo).isLineSupported(lineInfo))
formats.add(format);
return formats;
【讨论】：
出了点问题：/ 我无法将 AudioFormat 与混音器匹配，因此我修改了您的函数，因此它只检查首先找到混音器（一般）。函数找到 3 种音频格式，但仍然无法正常工作：/【参考方案2】：可以直接获取所有支持的Lines及其AudioFormats。我为系统上默认的Mixer 的SourceDataLines 执行此操作，您可以轻松地编辑代码以获得任何Mixer 支持的任何类型的Lines 和AudioFormats。
Mixer mixer = AudioSystem.getMixer(null); // default mixer
mixer.open();
System.out.printf("Supported SourceDataLines of default mixer (%s):\n\n", mixer.getMixerInfo().getName());
for(Line.Info info : mixer.getSourceLineInfo())
if(SourceDataLine.class.isAssignableFrom(info.getLineClass()))
SourceDataLine.Info info2 = (SourceDataLine.Info) info;
System.out.println(info2);
System.out.printf(" max buffer size: \t%d\n", info2.getMaxBufferSize());
System.out.printf(" min buffer size: \t%d\n", info2.getMinBufferSize());
AudioFormat[] formats = info2.getFormats();
System.out.println(" Supported Audio formats: ");
for(AudioFormat format : formats)
System.out.println(" "+format);
// System.out.printf(" encoding: %s\n", format.getEncoding());
// System.out.printf(" channels: %d\n", format.getChannels());
// System.out.printf(format.getFrameRate()==-1?"":" frame rate [1/s]: %s\n", format.getFrameRate());
// System.out.printf(" frame size [bytes]: %d\n", format.getFrameSize());
// System.out.printf(format.getSampleRate()==-1?"":" sample rate [1/s]: %s\n", format.getSampleRate());
// System.out.printf(" sample size [bit]: %d\n", format.getSampleSizeInBits());
// System.out.printf(" big endian: %b\n", format.isBigEndian());
//
// Map<String,Object> prop = format.properties();
// if(!prop.isEmpty())
// System.out.println(" Properties: ");
// for(Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : prop.entrySet())
// System.out.printf(" %s: \t%s\n", entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
//
//
System.out.println();
else
System.out.println(info.toString());
System.out.println();
mixer.close();
我得到这样的输出：
interface SourceDataLine supporting 8 audio formats, and buffers of at least 32 bytes
max buffer size: -1
min buffer size: 32
Supported Audio formats:
PCM_UNSIGNED unknown sample rate, 8 bit, mono, 1 bytes/frame,
PCM_SIGNED unknown sample rate, 8 bit, mono, 1 bytes/frame,
PCM_SIGNED unknown sample rate, 16 bit, mono, 2 bytes/frame, little-endian
PCM_SIGNED unknown sample rate, 16 bit, mono, 2 bytes/frame, big-endian
PCM_UNSIGNED unknown sample rate, 8 bit, stereo, 2 bytes/frame,
PCM_SIGNED unknown sample rate, 8 bit, stereo, 2 bytes/frame,
PCM_SIGNED unknown sample rate, 16 bit, stereo, 4 bytes/frame, little-endian
PCM_SIGNED unknown sample rate, 16 bit, stereo, 4 bytes/frame, big-endian
interface Clip supporting 8 audio formats, and buffers of at least 32 bytes
【讨论】：
以上是关于Java - 从混音器录制的主要内容，如果未能解决你的问题，请参考以下文章
音频处理使用 Adobe Audition 录制电脑内部声音 ( 启用电脑立体声混音 | Adobe Audition 中设置音频设备 | Adobe Audition 内录 )
使用 Java Sound API 进行多通道 USB 录音？