从 Viber 机器人向订阅用户发送消息

Posted 2023-03-13

【中文标题】从 Viber 机器人向订阅用户发送消息

【英文标题】：Send message from Viber bot to subscribed user

【发布时间】：2019-08-06 04:57:45

【问题描述】：

我正在尝试将消息从 Viber 机器人发送给订阅用户。我可以获得订阅的用户 ID，但是当我发送消息时，我收到 500 错误。

from flask import Flask, request, Response
from viberbot import Api
from viberbot.api.bot_configuration import BotConfiguration
from viberbot.api.messages.text_message import TextMessage

app = Flask(__name__)

viber = Api(BotConfiguration(
    name='PythonSampleBot',
    avatar='http://www.clker.com/cliparts/3/m/v/Y/E/V/small-red-apple-hi.png',
    auth_token='xxx-xxx-xxx'
))


@app.route('/', methods=['POST'])
def incoming():
    user_id = viber.get_account_info()['members'][0]['id']
    print(user_id)
    viber.send_messages(user_id, [
        TextMessage(text="thanks for subscribing!!!!!")
    ])
    return Response(status=200)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    context = ('E:\\Docs\\learn_py\\viberbot\\cert.pem',
               'E:\\Docs\\learn_py\\viberbot\\key.pem')
    app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=4443, debug=True, ssl_context=context)

请求消息发送代码：

import json
import requests

webhook_url = 'https://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:4443'

requests.post(
    webhook_url, data=json.dumps("text": "Hello World"),
    headers='Content-Type': 'application/json',
    verify='E:\\Docs\\learn_py\\viberbot\\cert.pem'
)

错误信息：

Cfklv9HOJ6bXZcHMaTl9Gw==
192.168.1.1 - - [15/Mar/2019 08:44:02] "POST / HTTP/1.1" 500 - Traceback (most recent call last):   File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\flask\app.py", line 2309, in __call__
    return self.wsgi_app(environ, start_response)   File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\flask\app.py", line 2295, in wsgi_app
    response = self.handle_exception(e)   File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\flask\app.py", line 1741, in handle_exception
    reraise(exc_type, exc_value, tb)   File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\flask\_compat.py", line 35, in reraise
    raise value   File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\flask\app.py", line 2292, in wsgi_app
    response = self.full_dispatch_request()   File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\flask\app.py", line 1815, in full_dispatch_request
    rv = self.handle_user_exception(e)   File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\flask\app.py", line 1718, in handle_user_exception
    reraise(exc_type, exc_value, tb)   File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\flask\_compat.py", line 35, in reraise
    raise value   File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\flask\app.py", line 1813, in full_dispatch_request
    rv = self.dispatch_request()   File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\flask\app.py", line 1799, in dispatch_request
    return self.view_functions[rule.endpoint](**req.view_args)   File "E:\Docs\learn_py\viberbot\app.py", line 21, in incoming
    TextMessage(text="thanks for subscribing!!!!!")   File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\viberbot\api\api.py", line 72, in send_messages
    to, self._bot_configuration.name, self._bot_configuration.avatar, message, chat_id)   File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\viberbot\api\message_sender.py", line 27, in send_message
    return self._post_request(BOT_API_ENDPOINT.SEND_MESSAGE, payload)   File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\viberbot\api\message_sender.py", line 53, in _post_request
    raise Exception(u"failed with status: 0, message: 1".format(result['status'], result['status_message'])) Exception: failed with status: 10, message: webhookNotSet  * Detected change in 'E:\\Docs\\learn_py\\viberbot\\app.py', reloading

更新：根据 mingaleg 的建议，我已将 viber.set_webhook('https://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:yyyy') 添加到 incoming() 函数中，现在又出现了另一个错误：

Exception: failed with status: 1, message: Result[HttpRequest[POST / HTTP/1.1]@2c67393 > HttpResponse[null 0 null]@72391ae] javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: General SSLEngine problem

证书是按照this answer中的建议生成的：

openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -keyout key.pem -out cert.pem -days 365

【问题讨论】：

您不应该使用自签名证书。我可以推荐 LetsEncrypt 服务，因为它可以方便且免费地为您的域获取 SSL 证书。

或者你可以使用ngrok进行本地开发或部署到Heroku（它免费提供HTTPS域）。

【参考方案1】：

由于您有一个webhookNotSet 错误消息，您应该将您的机器人配置为有一个：

...
viber = Api(BotConfiguration(
    name='PythonSampleBot',
    avatar='http://www.clker.com/cliparts/3/m/v/Y/E/V/small-red-apple-hi.png',
    auth_token='xxx-xxx-xxx'
))
viber.set_webhook(webhook_url)
...

webhook_url 应该是您的烧瓶服务器可以访问的那个。

【讨论】：

异常：失败，状态：1，消息：结果[HttpRequest[POST HTTP/1.1]@6992828d > HttpResponse[null 0 null]@554955e3] java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException：总超时已过

您应该提供可从互联网访问的webhook_url，尽管它看起来不像

如果我在您提供的位置设置了 webhook，那么它会尝试在服务器启动之前设置钩子。我已经将它作为第一个语句移到了 incominng() 函数（什么是正确的位置？无论如何，在我移到那里后，我遇到了证书错误：异常：状态失败：1，消息：结果 [HttpRequest [POST /HTTP/1.1]@7ba1c887 > HttpResponse[null 0 null]@5c94ba77] javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: 一般 SSLEngine 问题

@DmitrijKultasev 您不应该使用自签名证书。我可以推荐LetsEncrypt 服务，因为它可以方便且免费地为您的域获取 SSL 证书。

【参考方案2】：

您不应该使用自签名证书。 我可以推荐Let's Encrypt 服务，因为它可以方便且免费地为您的域获取 SSL 证书。

或者您可以使用ngrok进行本地开发或部署到Heroku（它免费提供HTTPS域）。