如何在 CSS 中创建径向菜单？
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【中文标题】如何在 CSS 中创建径向菜单？【英文标题】：How to create a radial menu in CSS? 【发布时间】：2012-10-19 10:20:14 【问题描述】：如何创建如下所示的菜单：
Link to PSD
我不想使用 PSD 图片。我更喜欢使用 FontAwesome 等包中的图标，并在 CSS 中生成背景/css。
可以在here 找到使用 PSD 生成工具提示图像然后使用它的菜单版本。
【问题讨论】：
这是一个漂亮的工具提示，来自一个明显讨厌前端开发人员的设计师。 提示：这是一个饼状菜单，而不是工具提示。 或“径向菜单”。绝对不是“工具提示”。工具提示只会在悬停时显示，并且不能与之交互。 （它们描述的是工具；它们不是工具。） github上也有类似的项目nikesh.github.io/Pie-Menu by Nikesh Hayaran 最后一个指向由 PSD 制作的菜单示例的链接已损坏，不幸的是，Internet 档案馆的Wayback Machine 保存的该页面没有有意义的版本。 【参考方案1】：差不多 3 年后，我终于有时间重新审视这个并发布一个改进的版本。您仍然可以查看最后的原始答案以供参考。
虽然 SVG 可能是更好的选择，尤其是在今天，但我的目标是只保留 html 和 CSS，没有 JS，没有 SVG，没有图像（除了根元素的背景）。
2015 demo
截图
铬 43：
火狐 38：
IE 11：
代码
HTML 非常简单。我正在使用复选框 hack 来显示/隐藏菜单。
<input type='checkbox' id='t'/>
<label for='t'>✰</label>
<ul>
<li><a href='#'>☀</a></li>
<li><a href='#'>☃</a></li>
<li><a href='#'>☁</a></li>
</ul>
我正在使用 Sass 来保持这种逻辑，并在需要时更容易更改。大量评论。
$d: 2em; // diameter of central round button
$r: 16em; // radius of menu
$n: 3; // must match number of list items in DOM
$exp: 3em; // menu item height
$tip: .75em; // dimension of tip on middle menu item
$w: .5em; // width of ends
$cover-dim: 2*($r - $exp); // dimension of the link cover
$angle: 15deg; // angle for a menu item
$skew-angle: 90deg - $angle; // how much to skew a menu item to $angle
$scale-factor: cos($skew-angle); // correction factor - see vimeo.com/98137613 from min 15
$off-angle: .125deg; // offset angle so we have a little space between menu items
// don't show the actual checkbox
input
transform: translate(-100vw); // move offscreen
visibility: hidden; // avoid paint
// change state of menu to revealed on checking the checkbox
input:checked ~ ul
transform: scale(1);
opacity: .999;
// ease out back from easings.net/#easeOutBack
transition: .5s cubic-bezier(0.175, 0.885, 0.32, 1.275);
// position everything absolutely such that their left bottom corner
// is in the middle of the screen
label, ul, li
position: absolute;
left: 50%; bottom: 50%;
// visual candy styles
label, a
color: #858596;
font: 700 1em/ #$d sans-serif;
text-align: center;
text-shadow: 0 1px 1px #6c6f7e;
cursor: pointer;
label
z-index: 2; // place it above the menu which has z-index: 1
margin: -$d/2; // position correction such that it's right in the middle
width: $d; height: $d;
border-radius: 50%;
box-shadow: 0 0 1px 1px white,
0 .125em .25em #876366,
0 .125em .5em #876366;
background: radial-gradient(#d4c7c5, #e5e1dd);
ul
z-index: 1;
margin: -$r + $exp + 1.5*$d 0; // position correction
padding: 0;
list-style: none;
transform-origin: 50% (-$r + $exp);
transform: scale(.001); // initial state: scaled down to invisible
will-change: transform; // better perf on transitioning transform
opacity: .001; // initial state: transparent
filter: drop-shadow(0 .125em .25em #847c77)
drop-shadow(0 .125em .5em #847c77);
// ease in back, also from easings.net
transition: .5s cubic-bezier(0.6, -0.28, 0.735, 0.045);
// menu ends
&:before, &:after
position: absolute;
margin: -$exp (-$w/2);
width: $w; height: $exp;
transform-origin: 50% 100%;
background: linear-gradient(#ddd, #c9c4bf);
content: '';
&:before
border-radius: $w 0 0 $w;
transform: rotate(-.5*$n*$angle)
translate(-$w/2, -$r + $exp);
box-shadow: inset 1px 0 1px #eee;
&:after
border-radius: 0 $w $w 0;
transform: rotate(.5*$n*$angle)
translate($w/2, -$r + $exp);
box-shadow: inset -1px 0 1px #eee;
li
overflow: hidden;
width: $r; height: $r;
transform-origin: 0 100%;
@for $i from 0 to $n
&:nth-child(#$i + 1)
$curr-angle: $i*$angle +
($i + .5)*$off-angle -
.5*$n*($angle + $off-angle);
// make each list item a rhombus rotated around its bottom left corner
// see explanation from minute 33:10 youtube.com/watch?v=ehjoh_MmE9A
transform: rotate($curr-angle)
skewY(-$skew-angle)
scaleX($scale-factor);
// add tip for the item n the middle, just a rotated square
@if $i == ($n - 1)/2
a:after
position: absolute;
top: $exp; left: 50%;
margin: -$tip/2;
width: $tip; height: $tip;
transform: rotate(45deg);
box-shadow:
inset -1px -1px 1px #eee;
background: linear-gradient(-45deg,
#bbb, #c9c4bf 50%);
content: '';
a, &:before
margin: 0 (-$r);
width: 2*$r; height: 2*$r;
border-radius: 50%;
&:before, &:after
position: absolute;
border-radius: 50%;
// undo distorting transforms from menu item (parent li)
transform: scaleX(1/$scale-factor)
skewY($skew-angle);
content: '';
// actual background of the arched menu items
&:before
box-shadow:
inset 0 0 1px 1px #fff,
inset 0 0 $exp #ebe7e2,
inset 0 0 1px ($exp - .0625em) #c9c4bf,
inset 0 0 0 $exp #dcdcdc;
// cover to prevent click action in between the star and menu items
&:after
top: 100%; left: 0;
margin: -$cover-dim/2;
width: $cover-dim; height: $cover-dim;
border-radius: 50%;
a
display: block;
// undo distorting transforms from menu item and rotate into right position
transform: scaleX(1/$scale-factor)
skewY($skew-angle)
rotate($angle/2);
line-height: $exp;
text-align: center;
text-decoration: none;
html
overflow: hidden;
background: url(http://i.imgur.com/AeFfmwL.jpg);
input
/* move offscreen */
-webkit-transform: translate(-100vw);
-ms-transform: translate(-100vw);
transform: translate(-100vw);
/* avoid paint */
visibility: hidden;
input:checked ~ ul
-webkit-transform: scale(1);
-ms-transform: scale(1);
transform: scale(1);
opacity: .999;
/* ease out back from easings.net */
-webkit-transition: 0.5s cubic-bezier(0.175, 0.885, 0.32, 1.275);
transition: 0.5s cubic-bezier(0.175, 0.885, 0.32, 1.275);
label, ul, li
position: absolute;
left: 50%;
bottom: 50%;
label, a
color: #858596;
font: 700 1em/ 2em sans-serif;
text-align: center;
text-shadow: 0 1px 1px #6c6f7e;
cursor: pointer;
label
z-index: 2;
margin: -1em;
width: 2em;
height: 2em;
border-radius: 50%;
box-shadow: 0 0 1px 1px white, 0 .125em .25em #876366, 0 .125em .5em #876366;
background: #d3d3d3;
background: -webkit-radial-gradient(#d4c7c5, #e5e1dd);
background: radial-gradient(#d4c7c5, #e5e1dd);
ul
z-index: 1;
margin: -10em 0;
padding: 0;
list-style: none;
-webkit-transform-origin: 50% -13em;
-ms-transform-origin: 50% -13em;
transform-origin: 50% -13em;
-webkit-transform: scale(0.001);
-ms-transform: scale(0.001);
transform: scale(0.001);
/* for improved perf on transitioning transform
* https://twitter.com/paul_irish/status/608492121734193152
*/
will-change: transform;
opacity: .001;
-webkit-filter: drop-shadow(0 0.125em 0.25em #847c77);
filter: drop-shadow(0 0.125em 0.25em #847c77);
-webkit-transition: 0.5s cubic-bezier(0.6, -0.28, 0.735, 0.045);
transition: 0.5s cubic-bezier(0.6, -0.28, 0.735, 0.045);
ul:before, ul:after
position: absolute;
margin: -3em -0.25em;
width: 0.5em;
height: 3em;
-webkit-transform-origin: 50% 100%;
-ms-transform-origin: 50% 100%;
transform-origin: 50% 100%;
background: #d3d3d3;
background: -webkit-linear-gradient(#ddd, #c9c4bf);
background: linear-gradient(#ddd, #c9c4bf);
content: '';
ul:before
border-radius: 0.5em 0 0 0.5em;
-webkit-transform: rotate(-22.5deg) translate(-0.25em, -13em);
-ms-transform: rotate(-22.5deg) translate(-0.25em, -13em);
transform: rotate(-22.5deg) translate(-0.25em, -13em);
box-shadow: inset 1px 0 1px #eee;
ul:after
border-radius: 0 0.5em 0.5em 0;
-webkit-transform: rotate(22.5deg) translate(0.25em, -13em);
-ms-transform: rotate(22.5deg) translate(0.25em, -13em);
transform: rotate(22.5deg) translate(0.25em, -13em);
box-shadow: inset -1px 0 1px #eee;
li
overflow: hidden;
width: 16em;
height: 16em;
-webkit-transform-origin: 0 100%;
-ms-transform-origin: 0 100%;
transform-origin: 0 100%;
li:nth-child(1)
-webkit-transform: rotate(-22.625deg) skewY(-75deg) scaleX(0.25882);
-ms-transform: rotate(-22.625deg) skewY(-75deg) scaleX(0.25882);
transform: rotate(-22.625deg) skewY(-75deg) scaleX(0.25882);
li:nth-child(2)
-webkit-transform: rotate(-7.5deg) skewY(-75deg) scaleX(0.25882);
-ms-transform: rotate(-7.5deg) skewY(-75deg) scaleX(0.25882);
transform: rotate(-7.5deg) skewY(-75deg) scaleX(0.25882);
li:nth-child(2) a:after
position: absolute;
top: 3em;
left: 50%;
margin: -0.375em;
width: 0.75em;
height: 0.75em;
-webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);
-ms-transform: rotate(45deg);
transform: rotate(45deg);
box-shadow: inset -1px -1px 1px #eee;
background: -webkit-linear-gradient(135deg, #bbb, #c9c4bf 50%);
background: linear-gradient(-45deg, #bbb, #c9c4bf 50%);
content: '';
li:nth-child(3)
-webkit-transform: rotate(7.625deg) skewY(-75deg) scaleX(0.25882);
-ms-transform: rotate(7.625deg) skewY(-75deg) scaleX(0.25882);
transform: rotate(7.625deg) skewY(-75deg) scaleX(0.25882);
li a, li:before
margin: 0 -16em;
width: 32em;
height: 32em;
border-radius: 50%;
li:before, li:after
position: absolute;
border-radius: 50%;
-webkit-transform: scaleX(3.8637) skewY(75deg);
-ms-transform: scaleX(3.8637) skewY(75deg);
transform: scaleX(3.8637) skewY(75deg);
content: '';
li:before
box-shadow: inset 0 0 1px 1px #fff, inset 0 0 3em #ebe7e2, inset 0 0 1px 2.9375em #c9c4bf, inset 0 0 0 3em #dcdcdc;
li:after
top: 100%;
left: 0;
margin: -13em;
width: 26em;
height: 26em;
border-radius: 50%;
a
display: block;
-webkit-transform: scaleX(3.8637) skewY(75deg) rotate(7.5deg);
-ms-transform: scaleX(3.8637) skewY(75deg) rotate(7.5deg);
transform: scaleX(3.8637) skewY(75deg) rotate(7.5deg);
line-height: 3em;
text-align: center;
text-decoration: none;
<input type='checkbox' id='t'/>
<label for='t'>✰</label>
<ul>
<li><a href='#'>☀</a></li>
<li><a href='#'>☃</a></li>
<li><a href='#'>☁</a></li>
</ul>原答案
我尝试用纯 CSS 做一些类似的事情：
demo
（点击星号）
适用于 Chrome、Firefox（悬停时有点奇怪的模糊效果）、Opera（末端看起来更小）和 Safari（末端看起来更小）。
* margin: 0; padding: 0;
body
overflow: hidden;
/* generic styles for button & circular menu */
.ctrl
position: absolute;
top: 70%; left: 50%;
font: 1.5em/1.13 Verdana, sans-serif;
transition: .5s;
/* generic link styles */
a.ctrl, .ctrl a
display: block;
opacity: .56;
background: #c9c9c9;
color: #7a8092;
text-align: center;
text-decoration: none;
text-shadow: 0 -1px dimgrey;
a.ctrl:hover, .ctrl a:hover, a.ctrl:focus, .ctrl a:focus opacity: 1;
a.ctrl:focus, .ctrl a:focus outline: none;
.button
z-index: 2;
margin: -.625em;
width: 1.25em; height: 1.25em;
border-radius: 50%;
box-shadow: 0 0 3px 1px white;
/* circular menu */
.tip
z-index: 1;
/**outline: dotted 1px white;/**/
margin: -5em;
width: 10em; height: 10em;
transform: scale(.001);
list-style: none;
opacity: 0;
/* the ends of the menu */
.tip:before, .tip:after
position: absolute;
top: 34.3%;
width: .5em; height: 14%;
opacity: .56;
background: #c9c9c9;
content: '';
.tip:before
left: 5.4%;
border-radius: .25em 0 0 .25em;
box-shadow: -1px 0 1px dimgrey, inset 1px 0 1px white, inset -1px 0 1px grey,
inset 0 1px 1px white, inset 0 -1px 1px white;
transform: rotate(-75deg);
.tip:after
right: 5.4%;
border-radius: 0 .25em .25em 0;
box-shadow: 1px 0 1px dimgrey, inset -1px 0 1px white, inset 1px 0 1px grey,
inset 0 1px 1px white, inset 0 -1px 1px white;
transform: rotate(75deg);
/* make the menu appear on click */
.button:focus + .tip
transform: scale(1);
opacity: 1;
/* slices of the circular menu */
.slice
overflow: hidden;
position: absolute;
/**outline: dotted 1px yellow;/**/
width: 50%; height: 50%;
transform-origin: 100% 100%;
/*
* rotate each slice at the right angle = (A/2)° + (k - (n+1)/2)*A°
* where A is the angle of 1 slice (30° in this case)
* k is the number of the slice (in 1,2,3,4,5 here)
* and n is the number of slices (5 in this case)
* formula works for odd number of slices (n odd)
* for even number of slices (n even) the rotation angle is (k - n/2)*A°
*
* after rotating, skew on Y by 90°-A°; here A° = the angle for 1 slice = 30°
*/
.slice:first-child transform: rotate(-45deg) skewY(60deg);
.slice:nth-child(2) transform: rotate(-15deg) skewY(60deg);
.slice:nth-child(3) transform: rotate(15deg) skewY(60deg);
.slice:nth-child(4) transform: rotate(45deg) skewY(60deg);
.slice:last-child transform: rotate(75deg) skewY(60deg);
/* covers for the inner part of the links so there's no hover trigger between
star button & menu links; give them a red background to see them */
.slice:after
position: absolute;
top: 32%; left: 32%;
width: 136%; height: 136%;
border-radius: 50%;
/* "unskew" = skew by minus the same angle by which parent was skewed */
transform: skewY(-60deg);
content: '';
/* menu links */
.slice a
width: 200%; height: 200%;
border-radius: 50%;
box-shadow: 0 0 3px dimgrey, inset 0 0 4px white;
/* "unskew" & rotate by -A°/2 */
transform: skewY(-60deg) rotate(-15deg);
background: /* lateral separators */
linear-gradient(75deg,
transparent 50%, grey 50%, transparent 54%) no-repeat 36.5% 0,
linear-gradient(-75deg,
transparent 50%, grey 50%, transparent 54%) no-repeat 63.5% 0,
/* make sure inner part is transparent */
radial-gradient(rgba(127,127,127,0) 49%,
rgba(255,255,255,.7) 51%, #c9c9c9 52%);
background-size: 15% 15%, 15% 15%, cover;
line-height: 1.4;
/* arrow for middle link */
.slice:nth-child(3) a:after
position: absolute;
top: 13%; left: 50%;
margin: -.25em;
width: .5em; height: .5em;
box-shadow: 2px 2px 2px white;
transform: rotate(45deg);
background: linear-gradient(-45deg, #c9c9c9 50%, transparent 50%);
content: '';
<a class='button ctrl' href='#' tabindex='1'>★</a>
<ul class='tip ctrl'>
<li class='slice'><a href='#'>✦</a></li>
<li class='slice'><a href='#'>✿</a></li>
<li class='slice'><a href='#'>✵</a></li>
<li class='slice'><a href='#'>✪</a></li>
<li class='slice'><a href='#'>☀</a></li>
</ul>【讨论】：
谁说 CSS 不是编程？ :D 非常好！我会把菜单放在离中心点更近的地方。在我的屏幕上移动鼠标光标时我有点懒惰:) FWIW，如果您使用 Tab 循环浏览元素，这种方法会在最新的 Chrome 中中断。 @Superpig True。这个版本应该不会再有这个问题了codepen.io/thebabydino/pen/jfqtv @Chii 请参阅tympanus.net/codrops/2012/12/17/css-click-events - 我在这里使用的是“:focus 方式”。实际上这是一个相当古老的方法，我第一次看到 Stu Nicholls 在他的实验中使用它 cssplay.co.uk 好几年前。在上面的 CSS 中，是 .button:focus + .tip 起到了作用。【参考方案2】：
安娜的反应很糟糕！那是一些严肃的 CSS-fu。
我的解决方案可能不是您所希望的，但它是另一种可能的解决方案。我现在正在开发一个具有类似弧形按钮样式的指南针界面。我决定使用Raphael 和 SVG 来开发它。
我在 Illustrator 中创建了一个弧形，为其导出 SVG，从导出的 SVG 文件中获取弧的路径定义，并使用 Raphael 构建我的界面。
Here's a JSFiddle of it.
这是 javascript：
var arc =
fill: '#333',
stroke: '#333',
path: 'M53.286,44.333L69.081,7.904C48.084-1.199,23.615-2.294,0.648,6.78l14.59,36.928C28.008,38.662,41.612,39.27,53.286,44.333z'
;
var paper = Raphael(document.getElementById("notepad"), 500, 500);
var arcDegrees = 45;
var centerX = 210;
var centerY = 210;
var compassRadius = 68;
var currentlyActive = 45;
var directions = [
label:'N', degrees:0, rotatedDegrees:270,
label:'NE', degrees:45, rotatedDegrees:315,
label:'E', degrees:90, rotatedDegrees:0,
label:'SE', degrees:135, rotatedDegrees:45,
label:'S', degrees:180, rotatedDegrees:90,
label:'SW', degrees:225, rotatedDegrees:135,
label:'W', degrees:270, rotatedDegrees:180,
label:'NW', degrees:315, rotatedDegrees:225
];
function arcClicked()
var label = $(this).data('direction-label');
$("#activeArc").attr('id', null);
$(this).attr('id', 'activeArc');
for (i = 0; i < 360; i += arcDegrees)
var direction = _.find(directions, function(d) return d.rotatedDegrees == i; );
var radians = i * (Math.PI / 180);
var x = centerX + Math.cos(radians) * compassRadius;
var y = centerY + Math.sin(radians) * compassRadius;
var newArc = paper.path(arc.path);
// newArc.translate(x, y);
// newArc.rotate(i + 89);
newArc.transform('T' + x + ',' + y + 'r' + (i + 89));
if (direction.degrees == currentlyActive)
$(newArc.node).attr('id', 'activeArc');
$(newArc.node)
.attr('class', 'arc')
.data('direction-label', direction.label)
.on('click', arcClicked);
这是相关的 CSS：
#notepad
background: #f7f7f7;
width: 500px;
height: 500px;
.arc
fill: #999;
stroke: #888;
cursor: pointer;
.arc:hover
fill: #777;
stroke: #666;
#activeArc
fill: #F18B21 !important;
stroke: #b86a19 !important;
【讨论】：
【参考方案3】：另一个非常好的方法是使用 JavaScript 进行定位。
DEMO + TUTORIAL on making an animated radial menu
这种方法的优点是您可以使用任意数量的元素，并且它会保持径向定位它们，而无需更改任何 CSS。
有问题的 JavaScript 是：
var items = document.querySelectorAll('.circle a');
for(var i = 0, l = items.length; i < l; i++)
items[i].style.left = (50 - 35*Math.cos(-0.5 * Math.PI - 2*(1/l)*i*Math.PI)).toFixed(4) + "%";
items[i].style.top = (50 + 35*Math.sin(-0.5 * Math.PI - 2*(1/l)*i*Math.PI)).toFixed(4) + "%";
document.querySelector('.menu-button').onclick = function(e)
e.preventDefault(); document.querySelector('.circle').classList.toggle('open');
【讨论】：
简单易懂。也非常灵活，因为您可以在不调整 js 代码的情况下添加新项目。干得好！ 如果我们必须改变菜单按钮的位置，那么我们应该怎么做呢？你能解释一下这个 50 和 35 是什么意思吗？ 更易于维护的示例。仅 css 的版本几乎不可能扩展或调试以上是关于如何在 CSS 中创建径向菜单？的主要内容，如果未能解决你的问题，请参考以下文章