WSGI 脚本无法作为 Python 模块加载——500 内部服务器错误

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【中文标题】WSGI 脚本无法作为 Python 模块加载——500 内部服务器错误【英文标题】：WSGI Script Cannot Be Loaded as Python Module -- 500 Internal Server Error 【发布时间】：2015-12-11 05:36:38 【问题描述】：

根据我的错误日志，我的目标 WSGI 脚本无法作为 Python 模块加载，但在我的日志末尾，我还收到 ImportError: No module named foodshop.settings。我可以验证该模块是否存在。

这是我的错误日志：

[Tue Sep 15 03:49:04.828560 2015] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 7384:tid 140261847136128] AH00491: caught SIGTERM, shutting down
[Tue Sep 15 03:49:05.880294 2015] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 7539:tid 139824273098624] AH00489: Apache/2.4.7 (Ubuntu) mod_wsgi/3.4 Python/2.7.6 configured -- resuming normal operations
[Tue Sep 15 03:49:05.880314 2015] [core:notice] [pid 7539:tid 139824273098624] AH00094: Command line: '/usr/sbin/apache2'
[Tue Sep 15 03:49:34.435217 2015] [:error] [pid 7543:tid 139824089818880] [remote 104.156.102.54:7776] mod_wsgi (pid=7543): Target WSGI script '/home/ubuntu/gather/src/foodshop/wsgi.py' cannot be loaded as Python module.
[Tue Sep 15 03:49:34.435250 2015] [:error] [pid 7543:tid 139824089818880] [remote 104.156.102.54:7776] mod_wsgi (pid=7543): Exception occurred processing WSGI script '/home/ubuntu/gather/src/foodshop/wsgi.py'.
[Tue Sep 15 03:49:34.435290 2015] [:error] [pid 7543:tid 139824089818880] [remote 104.156.102.54:7776] Traceback (most recent call last):
[Tue Sep 15 03:49:34.435307 2015] [:error] [pid 7543:tid 139824089818880] [remote 104.156.102.54:7776]   File "/home/ubuntu/gather/src/foodshop/wsgi.py", line 16, in <module>
[Tue Sep 15 03:49:34.435360 2015] [:error] [pid 7543:tid 139824089818880] [remote 104.156.102.54:7776]     application = get_wsgi_application()
[Tue Sep 15 03:49:34.435372 2015] [:error] [pid 7543:tid 139824089818880] [remote 104.156.102.54:7776]   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/wsgi.py", line 14, in get_wsgi_application
[Tue Sep 15 03:49:34.435406 2015] [:error] [pid 7543:tid 139824089818880] [remote 104.156.102.54:7776]     django.setup()
[Tue Sep 15 03:49:34.435417 2015] [:error] [pid 7543:tid 139824089818880] [remote 104.156.102.54:7776]   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/__init__.py", line 17, in setup
[Tue Sep 15 03:49:34.435449 2015] [:error] [pid 7543:tid 139824089818880] [remote 104.156.102.54:7776]     configure_logging(settings.LOGGING_CONFIG, settings.LOGGING)
[Tue Sep 15 03:49:34.435460 2015] [:error] [pid 7543:tid 139824089818880] [remote 104.156.102.54:7776]   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 48, in __getattr__
[Tue Sep 15 03:49:34.435521 2015] [:error] [pid 7543:tid 139824089818880] [remote 104.156.102.54:7776]     self._setup(name)
[Tue Sep 15 03:49:34.435532 2015] [:error] [pid 7543:tid 139824089818880] [remote 104.156.102.54:7776]   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 44, in _setup
[Tue Sep 15 03:49:34.435545 2015] [:error] [pid 7543:tid 139824089818880] [remote 104.156.102.54:7776]     self._wrapped = Settings(settings_module)
[Tue Sep 15 03:49:34.435552 2015] [:error] [pid 7543:tid 139824089818880] [remote 104.156.102.54:7776]   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 92, in __init__
[Tue Sep 15 03:49:34.435562 2015] [:error] [pid 7543:tid 139824089818880] [remote 104.156.102.54:7776]     mod = importlib.import_module(self.SETTINGS_MODULE)
[Tue Sep 15 03:49:34.435570 2015] [:error] [pid 7543:tid 139824089818880] [remote 104.156.102.54:7776]   File "/usr/lib/python2.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 37, in import_module
[Tue Sep 15 03:49:34.435604 2015] [:error] [pid 7543:tid 139824089818880] [remote 104.156.102.54:7776]     __import__(name)
[Tue Sep 15 03:49:34.435619 2015] [:error] [pid 7543:tid 139824089818880] [remote 104.156.102.54:7776] ImportError: No module named foodshop.settings

另外，这是我的 apache2.conf 文件：

Mutex file:$APACHE_LOCK_DIR default

PidFile $APACHE_PID_FILE

Timeout 300

KeepAlive On
MaxKeepAliveRequests 100
KeepAliveTimeout 5


# These need to be set in /etc/apache2/envvars
User $APACHE_RUN_USER
Group $APACHE_RUN_GROUP

HostnameLookups Off

ErrorLog $APACHE_LOG_DIR/error.log

LogLevel warn

IncludeOptional mods-enabled/*.load
IncludeOptional mods-enabled/*.conf

Include ports.conf

<Directory />
        Options FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride None
        Require all denied
</Directory>

<Directory /usr/share>
        AllowOverride None
        Require all granted
</Directory>

<Directory /var/www/>
        Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride None
        Require all granted
</Directory>

AccessFileName .htaccess

<FilesMatch "^\.ht">
        Require all denied
</FilesMatch>


LogFormat "%v:%p %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O \"%Refereri\" \"%User-Agenti\"" vhost_combined
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O \"%Refereri\" \"%User-Agenti\"" combined
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O" common
LogFormat "%Refereri -> %U" referer
LogFormat "%User-agenti" agent


IncludeOptional conf-enabled/*.conf

IncludeOptional sites-enabled/*.conf


ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost
DocumentRoot /var/www/html
CustomLog $APACHE_LOG_DIR/access.log combined

WSGIScriptAlias / /home/ubuntu/gather/src/foodshop/wsgi.py

<Directory /home/ubuntu/gather/src/foodshop/>
    WSGIProcessGroup gather
    WSGIApplicationGroup %GLOBAL
    Options All
    AllowOverride All
    Require all granted
</Directory>

Alias /media/ /home/ubuntu/gather/src/foodshop/media/
<Directory /home/ubuntu/gather/src/foodshop/media/>
    Options FollowSymLinks MultiViews
    Order deny,allow
    Allow from all
</Directory>

Alias /static/ /home/ubuntu/gather/src/foodshop/static/
<Directory /home/ubuntu/gather/src/foodshop/static/>
    Options FollowSymLinks MultiViews
    Order allow,deny
    Allow from all
</Directory>

还有我的 000-default.conf 文件：

<VirtualHost *:80>

            ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost
            DocumentRoot /var/www/html

            ErrorLog $APACHE_LOG_DIR/error.log
            CustomLog $APACHE_LOG_DIR/access.log combined

            Alias /static /home/ubuntu/gather/static
            <Directory /home/ubuntu/gather/static>
                    Require all granted
            </Directory>

            <Directory /home/ubuntu/gather/src/foodshop>
                    <Files wsgi.py>
                            Require all granted
                    </Files>
            </Directory>

            WSGIDaemonProcess gather processes=2 threads=15
            WSGIProcessGroup gather
            WSGIScriptAlias / /home/ubuntu/gather/src/foodshop/wsgi.py

</VirtualHost>

最后，这是我的 wsgi.py 文件：

import os

os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "foodshop.settings")

from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application

application = get_wsgi_application()

我已连接到 EC2 实例 (Ubuntu 14.04)，并且我在此实例上仅运行 1 个应用程序。当我在本地主机上运行它时，它运行良好。

【问题讨论】：

好像没有找到你的设置文件 在 os.environ.setdefault 中硬编码我的设置文件的完整路径是否不明智？ 【参考方案1】：

您没有做任何事情来将您的应用及其设置文件放在您的 Python 路径中。

如果你没有使用 virtualenv（虽然你应该使用），最简单的做法是在你的 wsgi 文件中做：

import os, sys
sys.path.append('/home/ubuntu/gather/src')
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "foodshop.settings")

【讨论】：

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