Spring Boot REST Api中的一对多关系

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【中文标题】Spring Boot REST Api中的一对多关系【英文标题】:One to Many Relationship in spring boot REST Api 【发布时间】:2021-04-13 04:13:14 【问题描述】:

我正在使用 spring boot 来创建一个 REST API。在这个 API 中,我在 check-inGuests 之间建立了一对多的关系。我创建了一个控制器用于签入并使用 spring JPA 的保存功能。 保存方法是同时更新 checkinguest 表,但对于 guest 表,在 guest 表中签入外键 没有被添加,而是显示为 null。请有人帮助我。我需要同时创建来宾和签到。

签到模型

@Data
@Entity
public class Checkin 

    @Id
    private Long id;

    private Integer no_of_guests;

    @OneToMany(mappedBy = "checkin", cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
    private List<Guest> guests;

嘉宾模特

@Data
@Entity
public class Guest 

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long guest_id;

    private String name;

    private String mobile_no;

    private String address;

    @ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
    @JoinColumn(name = "guest_checkin_id", nullable = false )
    @JsonProperty(access = JsonProperty.Access.WRITE_ONLY)
    private Checkin checkin;


签到控制器

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/checkin")
public class CheckinController 

    private final CheckinRepository checkinRepo;
    private final GuestRepository guestRepo;

    public CheckinController(CheckinRepository checkinRepo,GuestRepository guestRepo)
        this.checkinRepo = checkinRepo;
        this.guestRepo = guestRepo;
    

    @PostMapping("/add")
    ResponseEntity<Object> roomCheckin(@RequestBody Checkin checkin)
         if(checkinRepo.save(checkin) != null)
            return ResponseEntity.accepted().body("Checkin Successfull");
        
        return ResponseEntity.unprocessableEntity().body("Failed to Checkin");
    

【问题讨论】:

您是否尝试将 Cascade Persist 添加到一对多关系中? baeldung.com/jpa-cascade-types#2-cascadetypepersist CascadeType.ALL 已经包含“Cascade Persists”。将@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) 添加到 Checkin 实体的 id 怎么样? 【参考方案1】:

使用实体类作为视图模型类可能有点棘手,尤其是在CheckinGuest 之间存在双向一对多关系的情况下。

让我们首先验证实体类和存储库是否按照描述的方式工作。为了使测试运行,我必须在类Checkin 中为id 字段添加@GeneratedValue

其他变化:

使用Set 代替List。见https://***.com/a/6563037/14072498 使用 @Getter@Setter 而不是 @Data 关系

我在下面添加了一个测试类CheckinRepositoryTest 以验证代码。


如前所述,使用实体类作为视图模型类可能会很棘手,因此下一步将引入两个新的视图模型类:CheckinVMGuestVM,以及一个新的服务类 GuestService负责保存CheckinGuest 实例。代码如下所示。

请注意,我只为GuestService 类添加了骨架,我将其留给您来实现。 CheckinRepositoryTest 里面的代码说明了如何实现。

有了视图模型类,@JsonProperty(access = JsonProperty.Access.WRITE_ONLY) 应该被删除。


所有部分都启动并运行后,您应该为新的视图模型类添加验证,以及一些验证行为的集成测试。如果您遵循 TDD,您将在途中添加测试。

您还应该查看您的控制器方法,并为成功和失败情况使用适当的状态代码。


客座

package no.mycompany.myapp.misc;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonProperty;
import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.Setter;
import javax.persistence.*;

@Getter
@Setter
@Entity
public class Guest 

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long guest_id;

    private String name;

    private String mobile_no;

    private String address;

    @ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
    @JoinColumn(name = "guest_checkin_id", nullable = false)
    @JsonProperty(access = JsonProperty.Access.WRITE_ONLY)
    private Checkin checkin;

GuestVM 类

package no.mycompany.myapp.misc;

import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
public class GuestVM 

    private long id;
    private String name;
    private String mobile_no;
    private String address;

    public GuestVM(Guest guest) 
        this.id = guest.getGuest_id();
        this.name = guest.getName();
        this.mobile_no = guest.getMobile_no();
        this.address = guest.getAddress();
    

签到班

package no.mycompany.myapp.misc;

import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.Setter;
import javax.persistence.*;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

@Getter
@Setter
@Entity
public class Checkin 

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long id;

    private Integer no_of_guests;

    @OneToMany(mappedBy = "checkin", cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
    private Set<Guest> guests = new HashSet<>();

CheckinVM 类

package no.mycompany.myapp.misc;

import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.Setter;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;

@Getter
@Setter
@NoArgsConstructor
public class CheckinVM 

    private long id;
    private List<GuestVM> guests;

    public CheckinVM(Checkin checkin) 
        this.id = checkin.getId();
        this.guests = checkin.getGuests().stream().map(GuestVM::new).collect(Collectors.toList());
    

签入仓库

package no.mycompany.myapp.misc;

import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;

public interface CheckinRepository extends JpaRepository<Checkin, Long>  

CheckinRepositoryTest

package no.mycompany.myapp.misc;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.DataJpaTest;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.TestEntityManager;

import static org.assertj.core.api.AssertionsForClassTypes.assertThat;

@DataJpaTest
public class CheckinRepositoryTest 

    @Autowired
    TestEntityManager testEntityManager;

    @Autowired
    CheckinRepository checkinRepository;

    @Test
    public void test() 

        // create instances
        var checkinInDb = new Checkin();
        var guestInDb = new Guest();

        // add relations
        guestInDb.setCheckin(checkinInDb);
        checkinInDb.getGuests().add(guestInDb);

        // save check-in
        checkinRepository.save(checkinInDb);

        // verify that check-in has one guest
        var checkin = testEntityManager.find(Checkin.class, checkinInDb.getId());
        assertThat(checkin.getGuests().size()).isEqualTo(1);

        // verify that guest is connected to a check-in
        var guest = testEntityManager.find(Guest.class, guestInDb.getGuest_id());
        assertThat(guest.getCheckin()).isNotNull();
    

CheckinService 类:我把这个留给你实现

package no.mycompany.myapp.misc;

import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class CheckinService 

    private final CheckinRepository checkinRepository;

    public CheckinVM saveCheckin(CheckinVM checkin) 
        return null; // TODO: implement this
    

控制器类

package no.mycompany.myapp.misc;

import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/checkin")
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class CheckinController 

    private final CheckinService checkinService;

    @PostMapping("/add")
    ResponseEntity<Object> roomCheckin(@RequestBody CheckinVM checkin) 
        if (checkinService.saveCheckin(checkin) != null) 
            return ResponseEntity.accepted().body("Checkin Successful");
        
        return ResponseEntity.unprocessableEntity().body("Failed to Checkin");
    

【讨论】:

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