Spring 在 JUnit 测试中找不到 DataSource Bean
Posted
技术标签:
【中文标题】Spring 在 JUnit 测试中找不到 DataSource Bean【英文标题】：Spring cannot find DataSource Bean in JUnit tests 【发布时间】：2020-01-17 09:19:54 【问题描述】：我尝试为我的 Spring 应用程序编写一些单元测试（目前它是一个简单的 CRUD 应用程序，仅用于用户管理）。
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@WebMvcTest(UserController.class)
@WebAppConfiguration
public class UserControllerTest
@MockBean
private UserService UserService;
@MockBean
private UserTypeService UserTypeService;
@MockBean
private UserTrainingService UserTrainingService;
@MockBean
private TrainingService trainingService;
@MockBean
private UserService userService;
@InjectMocks
UserController UserController;
@Autowired
private MockMvc mockMvc;
private static final int USER_ID = 1;
private User User1;
@Before
public void setUp()
MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(UserController).build();
UserType UserType = new UserType();
UserType.setName("Regular");
// some further setup steps. Ommited for clarity
@Test
public void testInitUserDetailsView() throws Exception
mockMvc.perform(get("/users/id", User_ID))
.andExpect(status().isOk())
.andExpect(model().attributeExists("user"))
.andExpect(view().name("user_details"));
当我尝试在上面运行时，我收到以下关于缺少 DataSource Bean 的错误：
***************************
APPLICATION FAILED TO START
***************************
Description:
Field dataSource in com.example.app.config.SecurityConfig required a bean of type 'javax.sql.DataSource' that could not be found.
The injection point has the following annotations:
- @org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)
Action:
Consider defining a bean of type 'javax.sql.DataSource' in your configuration.
我正在使用 mysql 服务器，配置保存在 application.properties 文件中。有趣的是，应用程序本身运行良好。只有测试失败。 如Spring Boot auto configuration for datasource 中的praveen kumar 所述，我尝试在我的配置类中手动设置数据源。但结果是一样的。
这是我的 SecurityConfig 类：
@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter
@Autowired
private DataSource dataSource;
@Autowired
private PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder;
private String usersQuery = "SELECT username, password, active FROM users WHERE username=?";
private String authoritiesQuery = "SELECT u.username, r.name FROM users u INNER JOIN user_roles ur ON(u.id=ur.user_id) INNER JOIN roles r ON(ur.role_id=r.id) WHERE u.username=?";
@Override
protected void configure(final AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception
auth.
jdbcAuthentication()
.usersByUsernameQuery(usersQuery)
.authoritiesByUsernameQuery(authoritiesQuery)
.dataSource(dataSource)
.passwordEncoder(passwordEncoder);
和 ApplicationConfiguration 类：
@Configuration
@PropertySource(value = "classpath:ValidationMessages.properties", encoding = "UTF-8")
public class ApplicationConfig
// Custom validation messages from external file
@Bean
public MessageSource messageSource()
ReloadableResourceBundleMessageSource messageSource = new ReloadableResourceBundleMessageSource();
messageSource.setBasename("classpath:ValidationMessages");
messageSource.setDefaultEncoding("UTF-8");
return messageSource;
@Bean
public LocalValidatorFactoryBean validator(MessageSource messageSource)
LocalValidatorFactoryBean bean = new LocalValidatorFactoryBean();
bean.setValidationMessageSource(messageSource);
return bean;
@Bean
public DataSource dataSource()
DriverManagerDataSource dataSource = new DriverManagerDataSource();
dataSource.setDriverClassName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");
dataSource.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mydb");
dataSource.setUsername( "user" );
dataSource.setPassword( "pass" );
return dataSource;
完整的故障跟踪：
. ____ _ __ _ _
/\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
\\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) )
' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
=========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
:: Spring Boot :: (v2.1.5.RELEASE)
2019-09-16 13:20:54.549 INFO 10168 --- [ main] n.b.o.c.UserControllerTest : Starting UserControllerTest on DESKTOP-FU0FUI6 with PID 10168 (started by Kamil in E:\Projekty Spring\osp)
2019-09-16 13:20:54.552 INFO 10168 --- [ main] n.b.o.c.UserControllerTest : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2019-09-16 13:20:55.791 WARN 10168 --- [ main] o.s.w.c.s.GenericWebApplicationContext : Exception encountered during context initialization - cancelling refresh attempt: org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'securityConfig': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'dataSource'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'javax.sql.DataSource' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: @org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)
2019-09-16 13:20:55.795 INFO 10168 --- [ main] ConditionEvaluationReportLoggingListener :
Error starting ApplicationContext. To display the conditions report re-run your application with 'debug' enabled.
2019-09-16 13:20:55.819 ERROR 10168 --- [ main] o.s.b.d.LoggingFailureAnalysisReporter :
***************************
APPLICATION FAILED TO START
***************************
Description:
Field dataSource in com.example.myapp.config.SecurityConfig required a bean of type 'javax.sql.DataSource' that could not be found.
The injection point has the following annotations:
- @org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)
Action:
Consider defining a bean of type 'javax.sql.DataSource' in your configuration.
2019-09-16 13:20:55.868 ERROR 10168 --- [ main] o.s.test.context.TestContextManager : Caught exception while allowing TestExecutionListener [org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener@1e730495] to prepare test instance [com.example.myapp.controller.UserControllerTest@3ae0b770]
java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:125) ~[spring-test-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar:5.1.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:108) ~[spring-test-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar:5.1.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.setUpRequestContextIfNecessary(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:190) ~[spring-test-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar:5.1.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:132) ~[spring-test-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar:5.1.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:246) ~[spring-test-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar:5.1.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:227) [spring-test-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar:5.1.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289) [spring-test-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar:5.1.7.RELEASE]
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:291) [spring-test-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar:5.1.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:246) [spring-test-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar:5.1.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:97) [spring-test-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar:5.1.7.RELEASE]
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61) [spring-test-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar:5.1.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70) [spring-test-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar:5.1.7.RELEASE]
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:190) [spring-test-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar:5.1.7.RELEASE]
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:89) [.cp/:na]
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:41) [.cp/:na]
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:541) [.cp/:na]
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:763) [.cp/:na]
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:463) [.cp/:na]
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:209) [.cp/:na]
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'securityConfig': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'dataSource'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'javax.sql.DataSource' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: @org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:596) ~[spring-beans-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar:5.1.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:90) ~[spring-beans-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar:5.1.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessProperties(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:374) ~[spring-beans-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar:5.1.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1411) ~[spring-beans-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar:5.1.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:592) ~[spring-beans-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar:5.1.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:515) ~[spring-beans-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar:5.1.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:320) ~[spring-beans-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar:5.1.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:222) ~[spring-beans-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar:5.1.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:318) ~[spring-beans-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar:5.1.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:199) ~[spring-beans-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar:5.1.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:843) ~[spring-beans-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar:5.1.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:877) ~[spring-context-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar:5.1.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:549) ~[spring-context-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar:5.1.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:775) ~[spring-boot-2.1.5.RELEASE.jar:2.1.5.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:397) ~[spring-boot-2.1.5.RELEASE.jar:2.1.5.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:316) ~[spring-boot-2.1.5.RELEASE.jar:2.1.5.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootContextLoader.loadContext(SpringBootContextLoader.java:127) ~[spring-boot-test-2.1.5.RELEASE.jar:2.1.5.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:99) ~[spring-test-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar:5.1.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:117) ~[spring-test-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar:5.1.7.RELEASE]
... 25 common frames omitted
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'javax.sql.DataSource' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: @org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1655) ~[spring-beans-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar:5.1.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1214) ~[spring-beans-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar:5.1.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1168) ~[spring-beans-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar:5.1.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:593) ~[spring-beans-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar:5.1.7.RELEASE]
... 43 common frames omitted
我做错了什么？
【问题讨论】：
对于初学者来说，删除你的 setup 方法的前两行（Spring 已经完成了）。其次，您正在运行@WebMvcTest，它只会配置 Spring Boot 的 Web 部分，而不会配置其他任何内容。因此没有数据源。如果你真的想要，你可以添加一个@AutoConfigureTestDatabase，它将配置一个内存测试数据库，
我通过添加 @AutoConfigureTestDatabase 并在我的项目中添加 H2 依赖项来消除错误 - 谢谢。但是，如何将数据添加到该嵌入式数据库？是否可以在我的测试类的 setup 方法中手动创建对象？
OK 我切换到测试数据库（本地 MySQL 服务器但不同的数据库）。我的测试运行正常，但那些需要数据的测试失败了。例如，当我想为单个用户测试编辑表单时，它在数据库中时找不到它。
【参考方案1】：
按照 M.Deinum 的建议，通过在我的测试类中添加 @AutoConfigureTestDatabase 注释解决了这个问题。
【讨论】：
以上是关于Spring 在 JUnit 测试中找不到 DataSource Bean的主要内容，如果未能解决你的问题，请参考以下文章
Gradle 找不到集成测试、JUnit 5 和 Spring Boot：没有找到给定的测试包括：
使用 spring-data-jpa 和 MockMvc 进行 spring boot junit 测试
使用 h2 进行 Spring Junit 测试 - 找不到表