对自己的 QML 类使用 float 或 double

Posted 2023-02-14

【中文标题】对自己的 QML 类使用 float 或 double

【英文标题】：Using float or double for own QML classes

【发布时间】：2015-07-30 07:56:17

【问题描述】：

我已经使用 C++ 和 Qt 创建了一些组件和辅助方法，以便在我的 QML GUI 中使用。其中一些方法计算 GUI 元素（大小、转换、场景图项创建）。目标是使用 OpenGl / Eglfs 渲染输出的 ARM 32 位。

OpenGl 使用float，QML 使用real（定义为double）。

我应该在 C++ 中使用什么来不失去任何精度？

【问题讨论】：

你可以找到描述here

【参考方案1】：

如果您使用qreal (double)，那么您不应该失去任何精度。如果您在qtbase.git 中git grep float，您可以了解更多信息：

dist/changes-5.2.0-****************************************************************************
dist/changes-5.2.0-*                   Important Behavior Changes                             *
dist/changes-5.2.0-****************************************************************************
dist/changes-5.2.0-
dist/changes-5.2.0- - Qt is now compiled with qreal typedef'ed to double on all
dist/changes-5.2.0:   platforms. qreal was a float on ARM chipsets before. This guarantees more
dist/changes-5.2.0-   consistent behavior between all platforms Qt supports, but is binary
dist/changes-5.2.0-   incompatible to Qt 5.1 on ARM. The old behavior can be restored by
dist/changes-5.2.0:   passing -qreal float to configure.

有趣的是，在 Qt 中，有大量代码已切换为仅使用浮点数：

commit 51d40d7e9bdfc63c5109aef5b732aa2ba10f985a
Author: Sean Harmer <[e-mail]>
Date:   Mon Aug 20 20:55:40 2012 +0100

    Make gui/math3d classes use float rather than qreal

    This corrects the mismatch between using floats for internal storage
    and qreal in the API of QVector*D which leads to lots of implicit
    casts between double and float.

    This change also stops users from being surprised by the loss of
    precision when using these classes on desktop platforms and removes
    the need for the private constructors taking a dummy int as the final
    argument.

    The QMatrix4x4 and QQuaternion classes have been changed to use float
    for their internal storage since these are meant to be used in
    conjunction with the QVector*D classes. This is to prevent unexpected
    loss of precision and to improve performance.

    The on-disk format has also been changed from double to float thereby
    reducing the storage required when streaming vectors and matrices. This
    is potentially a large saving when working with complex 3D meshes etc.

    This also has a significant performance improvement when passing
    matrices to QOpenGLShaderProgram (and QGLShaderProgram) as we no
    longer have to iterate and convert the data to floats. This is
    an operation that could easily be needed many times per frame.

    This change also opens the door for further optimisations of these
    classes to be implemented by using SIMD intrinsics.

正如它所说，这是为了避免意外损失精度，因为函数采用 qreal (double) 但将其数据存储为 float。如果你在自己的代码中到处使用qreal，就不会出现这个问题。

另一个原因是性能。我不能对此发表太多评论，但我想说的是，对于 Qt 而言，针对这些事情进行优化比对于 Qt 的大多数用户更重要。