如何在 Java 中对对象数组进行排序?

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【中文标题】如何在 Java 中对对象数组进行排序?【英文标题】:How to sort an array of objects in Java? 【发布时间】:2013-09-24 14:39:34 【问题描述】:

我的数组不包含任何字符串。但它包含对象引用。每个对象引用都通过 toString 方法返回名称、id、作者和发布者。

public String toString() 
        return (name + "\n" + id + "\n" + author + "\n" + publisher + "\n");

现在我需要按名称对对象数组进行排序。我知道如何排序,但我不知道如何从对象中提取名称并对它们进行排序。

【问题讨论】:

实现一个Comparator 并将其用于排序。 Comparator中拆分字符串并使用第一个元素作为名称。 【参考方案1】:

你可以试试这样的:

List<Book> books = new ArrayList<Book>();

Collections.sort(books, new Comparator<Book>()

  public int compare(Book o1, Book o2)
  
     return o1.name.compareTo(o2.name);
  
);

【讨论】:

【参考方案2】:

您有两种方法可以做到这一点,都使用Arrays 实用程序类

    实现Comparator 并将您的数组与比较器一起传递给sort method,后者将其作为第二个参数。 在您的对象所在的类中实现Comparable 接口,并将您的数组传递给只接受一个参数的sort method。

示例

class Book implements Comparable<Book> 
    public String name, id, author, publisher;
    public Book(String name, String id, String author, String publisher) 
        this.name = name;
        this.id = id;
        this.author = author;
        this.publisher = publisher;
    
    public String toString() 
        return ("(" + name + ", " + id + ", " + author + ", " + publisher + ")");
    
    @Override
    public int compareTo(Book o) 
        // usually toString should not be used,
        // instead one of the attributes or more in a comparator chain
        return toString().compareTo(o.toString());
    


@Test
public void sortBooks() 
    Book[] books = 
            new Book("foo", "1", "author1", "pub1"),
            new Book("bar", "2", "author2", "pub2")
    ;

    // 1. sort using Comparable
    Arrays.sort(books);
    System.out.println(Arrays.asList(books));

    // 2. sort using comparator: sort by id
    Arrays.sort(books, new Comparator<Book>() 
        @Override
        public int compare(Book o1, Book o2) 
            return o1.id.compareTo(o2.id);
        
    );
    System.out.println(Arrays.asList(books));

输出

[(bar, 2, author2, pub2), (foo, 1, author1, pub1)]
[(foo, 1, author1, pub1), (bar, 2, author2, pub2)]

【讨论】:

【参考方案3】:

Java 8


使用lambda expressions

Arrays.sort(myTypes, (a,b) -> a.name.compareTo(b.name));

Test.java

public class Test 

    public static void main(String[] args) 

        MyType[] myTypes = 
                new MyType("John", 2, "author1", "publisher1"),
                new MyType("Marry", 298, "author2", "publisher2"),
                new MyType("David", 3, "author3", "publisher3"),
        ;

        System.out.println("--- before");
        System.out.println(Arrays.asList(myTypes));
        Arrays.sort(myTypes, (a, b) -> a.name.compareTo(b.name));
        System.out.println("--- after");
        System.out.println(Arrays.asList(myTypes));

    


MyType.java

public class MyType 

    public String name;
    public int id;
    public String author;
    public String publisher;

    public MyType(String name, int id, String author, String publisher) 
        this.name = name;
        this.id = id;
        this.author = author;
        this.publisher = publisher;
    

    @Override
    public String toString() 
        return "MyType" +
                "name=" + name + '\'' +
                ", id=" + id +
                ", author='" + author + '\'' +
                ", publisher='" + publisher + '\'' +
                '' + System.getProperty("line.separator");
    

输出:

--- before
[MyTypename=John', id=2, author='author1', publisher='publisher1'
, MyTypename=Marry', id=298, author='author2', publisher='publisher2'
, MyTypename=David', id=3, author='author3', publisher='publisher3'
]
--- after
[MyTypename=David', id=3, author='author3', publisher='publisher3'
, MyTypename=John', id=2, author='author1', publisher='publisher1'
, MyTypename=Marry', id=298, author='author2', publisher='publisher2'
]

使用method references

Arrays.sort(myTypes, MyType::compareThem);

compareThem 必须在 MyType.java 中添加:

public static int compareThem(MyType a, MyType b) 
    return a.name.compareTo(b.name);

【讨论】:

如果你想在 android Studio 中使用 lambda 表达式,你应该看看这个页面:developer.android.com/studio/write/java8-support.html Comparator.comparing 上述情况,如果是id,而不是name,怎么办? 我尝试将name替换为id,但错误是“int无法解除引用,”所以我将int转换为字符串。现在没有错误,但它没有排序?跨度> 【参考方案4】:

Java 8 结构更新

假设Book 类具有name 字段getter,您可以通过传递使用Java 8 构造指定的额外Comparator - Comparator default method 和method references 来使用Arrays.sort 方法。

Arrays.sort(bookArray, Comparator.comparing(Book::getName));

此外,还可以使用thenComparing 方法对多个字段进行比较。

Arrays.sort(bookArray, Comparator.comparing(Book::getName)
      .thenComparing(Book::getAuthor))
      .thenComparingInt(Book::getId));

【讨论】:

【参考方案5】:
[Employee(name=John, age=25, salary=3000.0, mobile=9922001), 
 Employee(name=Ace, age=22, salary=2000.0, mobile=5924001), 
 Employee(name=Keith, age=35, salary=4000.0, mobile=3924401)]
public void whenComparing_thenSortedByName() 
    Comparator<Employee> employeeNameComparator
            = Comparator.comparing(Employee::getName);
    Arrays.sort(employees, employeeNameComparator);
    assertTrue(Arrays.equals(employees, sortedEmployeesByName));

结果

[Employee(name=Ace, age=22, salary=2000.0, mobile=5924001), 
 Employee(name=John, age=25, salary=3000.0, mobile=9922001), 
 Employee(name=Keith, age=35, salary=4000.0, mobile=3924401)]

【讨论】:

【参考方案6】:

使用 Java 8,您可以使用引用方法。

您可以将 compare 方法添加到您的 Book 类中

class Book 
    public static int compare(Book a, Book b) 
        return a.name.compareTo(b.name);
    

然后你可以这样做:

Arrays.sort(books, Book::compare);

这是完整的例子:

class Book 
    String name;
    String author;

    public Book(String name, String author) 
        this.name = name;
        this.author = author;
    

    public static int compareBooks(Book a, Book b) 
        return a.name.compareTo(b.name);
    

    @Override
    public String toString() 
        return "name : " + name + "\t" + "author : " + author;
    

    public static void main(String[] args) 
        Book[] books = 
                new Book("Book 3", "Author 1"),
                new Book("Book 2", "Author 2"),
                new Book("Book 1", "Author 3"),
                new Book("Book 4", "Author 4")
        ;
        Arrays.sort(books, Book::compareBooks);
        Arrays.asList(books).forEach(System.out::println);
    

【讨论】:

Comparator.comparing【参考方案7】:
Arrays.sort(yourList,new Comparator<YourObject>() 

    @Override
    public int compare(YourObjecto1, YourObjecto2) 
        return compare(o1.getYourColumn(), o2.getYourColumn());
    
);

【讨论】:

虽然此代码可能会回答问题,但提供有关其解决问题的方式和/或原因的附加上下文将提高​​答案的长期价值。Read this。【参考方案8】:

有时您想根据任意值对对象数组进行排序。由于 compareTo() 始终使用有关实例的相同信息,因此您可能希望使用不同的技术。一种方法是使用标准排序算法。假设您有一个书籍数组,并且您想根据它们的高度对它们进行排序,该高度存储为一个 int 并且可以通过方法 getHeight() 访问。以下是如何对数组中的书籍进行排序。 (如果您不想更改原始数组,只需复制并排序即可。)

`int tallest; // the index of tallest book found thus far
 Book temp; // used in the swap
 for(int a = 0; a < booksArray.length - 1; a++) 
   tallest = a; // reset tallest to current index
   // start inner loop at next index
   for(int b = a + 1; b < booksArray.length; b++)
     // check if the book at this index is taller than the
     // tallest found thus far
     if(booksArray[b].getHeight() > booksArray[tallest].getHeight())
       tallest = b;
   // once inner loop is complete, swap the tallest book found with
   // the one at the current index of the outer loop
   temp = booksArray[a];
   booksArray[a] = booksArray[tallest];
   booksArray[tallest] = temp;
 `

完成此代码后,Book 对象的数组将按高度降序排序——室内设计师的梦想!

【讨论】:

【参考方案9】:

您可以在要比较其对象的类上实现“Comparable”接口。

并在其中实现“compareTo”方法。

在 ArrayList 中添加类的实例

然后“java.utils.Collections.sort()”方法将发挥必要的作用。

这是--->(https://deva-codes.herokuapp.com/CompareOnTwoKeys) 一个工作示例,其中对象基于两个键排序,首先按 id,然后按名称。

【讨论】:

【参考方案10】:
public class Student implements Comparable<Student> 

    private int sid;
    private String sname;

    public Student(int sid, String sname) 
        super();
        this.sid = sid;
        this.sname = sname;
    

    public int getSid() 
        return sid;
    

    public void setSid(int sid) 
        this.sid = sid;
    

    public String getSname() 
        return sname;
    

    public void setSname(String sname) 
        this.sname = sname;
    

    @Override
    public String toString() 
        return "Student [sid=" + sid + ", sname=" + sname + "]";
    

    public int compareTo(Student o) 
        if (this.getSname().compareTo(o.getSname()) > 1) 
            return toString().compareTo(o.getSname());
         else if (this.getSname().compareTo(o.getSname()) < 1) 
            return toString().compareTo(o.getSname());
        
        return 0;
    


【讨论】:

在下面的应用程序的测试类中添加排序检查【参考方案11】:
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.ArrayList;

public class Test 
    public static void main(String[] args) 
        List<Student> str = new ArrayList<Student>();
        str.add(new Student(101, "aaa"));
        str.add(new Student(104, "bbb"));
        str.add(new Student(103, "ccc"));
        str.add(new Student(105, "ddd"));
        str.add(new Student(104, "eee"));
        str.add(new Student(102, "fff"));

        Collections.sort(str);
        for (Student student : str) 
            System.out.println(student);
        
    

【讨论】:

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