如何使用 MariaDB 返回本地时间 SQL 结果
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【中文标题】如何使用 MariaDB 返回本地时间 SQL 结果【英文标题】：How to return local time SQL results using MariaDB 【发布时间】：2018-08-04 14:17:53 【问题描述】：这个问题已经被多次询问（并回答）了 mysql，我确信这些答案也适用于 MariaDB，但要么他们不这样做，要么更有可能我做错了什么。运行这些脚本几分钟后，date 返回Sat Feb 24 18:20:38 UTC 2018。我已经得出结论，在大多数情况下 MySQL/MariaDB 应该保持为 UTC 配置，我不会做不同的事情。我确实让事情按预期工作，并在下面发布了结果。
<?php
//php.ini has set date.timezone =America/Los_Angeles
function displayTime($desc,$db)
echo("<h5>$desc</h5>");
$stmt=$db->query('SELECT @@global.time_zone');
echo 'MariaDb global.time_zone: '.$stmt->fetchColumn()."<br>";
$stmt=$db->query('SELECT @@session.time_zone');
echo 'MariaDb session.time_zone: '.$stmt->fetchColumn()."<br>";
$stmt=$db->query('SELECT TIMEDIFF(NOW(), UTC_TIMESTAMP);');
echo 'MariaDb offset: '.$stmt->fetchColumn()."<br>";
$stmt=$db->query('SELECT tsValueUpdated FROM points WHERE id=6');
echo 'Adjusted time: '.$stmt->fetchColumn()."<br>";
function getTimezoneFromDb()
$tzs = DateTimeZone::listIdentifiers();
return $tzs[rand(0, count($tzs)-1)];
function getOffset()
$os=(new DateTime())->getOffset();
if($os>(13*60*60)) $os=-24*60*60; //MySQL/MariaDB bug for Pacific/Kiritimati, Pacific/Chatham, and Pacific/Apia
return $os >= 0?'+'.gmdate("G:i", $os):'-'.gmdate("G:i", -$os);
function test($sql, $value, $db)
$desc="Test for $sql using $value";
$stmt=$db->prepare($sql);
try
$stmt->execute([$value]);
displayTime($desc,$db);
catch(PDOException $e)
echo("<h5>$desc</h5>".$e->getMessage().'<br>');
//tsValueUpdated is type datetime and data was inserted using NOW()
$db=parse_ini_file(__DIR__.'/../config.ini',true)['mysql'];
$db=new PDO("mysql:host=$db['host'];dbname=$db['dbname'];charset=$db['charset']",$db['username'],$db['password'],array(PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES=>false,PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_USE_BUFFERED_QUERY=>true,PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE=>PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION,PDO::ATTR_DEFAULT_FETCH_MODE=>PDO::FETCH_OBJ));
displayTime('Before changing timezone',$db);
$tz=getTimezoneFromDb();
echo "Timezone: $tz<br>";
date_default_timezone_set($tz);
displayTime('After changing PHP timezone',$db);
$os=getOffset();
echo "Offset: $os<br>";
//Reference https://***.com/a/19069310/1032531
test('SET GLOBAL time_zone = ?', $os, $db);
test('SET GLOBAL time_zone = ?', $tz, $db);
test('SET @@global.time_zone = ?', $os, $db);
test('SET time_zone = ?', $os, $db);
test('SET time_zone = ?', $tz, $db);
test('SET @@session.time_zone = ?', $os, $db);
输出
Before changing timezone
MariaDb global.time_zone: +06:00
MariaDb session.time_zone: +06:00
MariaDb offset: 06:00:00
Adjusted time: 2018-02-24 18:15:46
Timezone: Africa/Tripoli
After changing PHP timezone
MariaDb global.time_zone: +06:00
MariaDb session.time_zone: +06:00
MariaDb offset: 06:00:00
Adjusted time: 2018-02-24 18:15:46
Offset: +2:00
Test for SET GLOBAL time_zone = ? using +2:00
MariaDb global.time_zone: +02:00
MariaDb session.time_zone: +06:00
MariaDb offset: 06:00:00
Adjusted time: 2018-02-24 18:15:46
Test for SET GLOBAL time_zone = ? using Africa/Tripoli
SQLSTATE[HY000]: General error: 1298 Unknown or incorrect time zone: 'Africa/Tripoli'
Test for SET @@global.time_zone = ? using +2:00
MariaDb global.time_zone: +02:00
MariaDb session.time_zone: +06:00
MariaDb offset: 06:00:00
Adjusted time: 2018-02-24 18:15:46
Test for SET time_zone = ? using +2:00
MariaDb global.time_zone: +02:00
MariaDb session.time_zone: +02:00
MariaDb offset: 02:00:00
Adjusted time: 2018-02-24 18:15:46
Test for SET time_zone = ? using Africa/Tripoli
SQLSTATE[HY000]: General error: 1298 Unknown or incorrect time zone: 'Africa/Tripoli'
Test for SET @@session.time_zone = ? using +2:00
MariaDb global.time_zone: +02:00
MariaDb session.time_zone: +02:00
MariaDb offset: 02:00:00
Adjusted time: 2018-02-24 18:15:46
命令行测试
MariaDB [datalogger]> explain points;
+----------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| idPublic | int(11) | NO | MUL | 0 | |
| accountsId | int(11) | NO | MUL | NULL | |
| name | varchar(45) | NO | MUL | NULL | |
| value | float | YES | | NULL | |
| valueOld | float | YES | | NULL | |
| units | varchar(45) | YES | | NULL | |
| type | char(8) | NO | MUL | NULL | |
| slope | float | NO | | 1 | |
| intercept | float | NO | | 0 | |
| tsValueUpdated | datetime | YES | | NULL | |
+----------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
11 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [datalogger]> SELECT tsValueUpdated FROM points WHERE id=6;
+---------------------+
| tsValueUpdated |
+---------------------+
| 2018-02-24 18:09:46 |
+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [datalogger]> SET time_zone ='+12:00';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [datalogger]> SELECT tsValueUpdated FROM points WHERE id=6;
+---------------------+
| tsValueUpdated |
+---------------------+
| 2018-02-24 18:09:46 |
+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [datalogger]> SET GLOBAL time_zone ='+12:00';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [datalogger]> SELECT tsValueUpdated FROM points WHERE id=6;
+---------------------+
| tsValueUpdated |
+---------------------+
| 2018-02-24 18:09:46 |
+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [datalogger]>
mysqld --help --verbose | grep 时区
2018-02-24 18:07:19 140183024801920 [Warning] Changed limits: max_open_files: 1024 max_connections: 151 table_cache: 431
2018-02-24 18:07:19 140183024801920 [Note] Plugin 'FEEDBACK' is disabled.
2018-02-24 18:07:19 140183024801920 [Warning] Could not open mysql.plugin table. Some options may be missing from the help text
--default-time-zone=name
default-time-zone (No default value)
system-time-zone
编辑。新研究
<?php
date_default_timezone_set('America/Los_Angeles');
$config=parse_ini_file(__DIR__.'/../config.ini',true);
$db = $config['mysql'];
$db=new \PDO("mysql:host=$db['host'];dbname=$db['dbname'];charset=$db['charset']",$db['username'],$db['password'],array(\PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES=>false,\PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_USE_BUFFERED_QUERY=>true,\PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE=>\PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION,\PDO::ATTR_DEFAULT_FETCH_MODE=>\PDO::FETCH_OBJ));
$os=(new \DateTime())->getOffset();
if($os>(13*60*60)) $os=-24*60*60; //MySQL/MariaDB bug for Pacific/Kiritimati, Pacific/Chatham, and Pacific/Apia
$os = $os >= 0?'+'.gmdate("G:i", $os):'-'.gmdate("G:i", -$os);
$stmtSelect = $db->prepare("SELECT id, NOW() now, mydatetime FROM test WHERE id = ?");
$stmtInsert = $db->prepare("INSERT INTO test(id, mydatetime) VALUES(?,NOW())");
$stmtSelectConvert1 = $db->prepare("SELECT id, NOW() now, CONVERT_TZ(mydatetime, '+00:00', '$os') mydatetime FROM test WHERE id = ?");
$stmtInsert->execute([1]);
$stmtSelect->execute([1]);
echo("\n\nINSERTED BEFORE SETTING SQL TIMEZONE. NO CONVERT\n");
print_r($stmtSelect->fetch());
$stmtSelectConvert1->execute([1]);
echo("\n\nINSERTED BEFORE SETTING SQL TIMEZONE. YES CONVERT1\n");
print_r($stmtSelectConvert1->fetch());
echo("\n\nSET SQL TIMEZONE\n");
$db->exec("SET time_zone='$os';");
$stmtInsert->execute([2]);
$stmtSelectConvert2 = $db->prepare("SELECT id, NOW() now, CONVERT_TZ(mydatetime, '+00:00', '$os') mydatetime FROM test WHERE id = ?");
$stmtSelect->execute([1]);
echo("\n\nINSERTED BEFORE SETTING SQL TIMEZONE. NO CONVERT\n");
print_r($stmtSelect->fetch());
$stmtSelectConvert1->execute([1]);
echo("\n\nINSERTED BEFORE SETTING SQL TIMEZONE. YES CONVERT1\n");
print_r($stmtSelectConvert1->fetch());
$stmtSelectConvert2->execute([1]);
echo("\n\nINSERTED BEFORE SETTING SQL TIMEZONE. YES CONVERT2\n");
print_r($stmtSelectConvert2->fetch());
$stmtSelect->execute([2]);
echo("\n\nINSERTED AFTER SETTING SQL TIMEZONE. NO CONVERT\n");
print_r($stmtSelect->fetch());
$stmtSelectConvert1->execute([2]);
echo("\n\nINSERTED AFTER SETTING SQL TIMEZONE. YES CONVERT1\n");
print_r($stmtSelectConvert1->fetch());
$stmtSelectConvert2->execute([2]);
echo("\n\nINSERTED AFTER SETTING SQL TIMEZONE. YES CONVERT2\n");
print_r($stmtSelectConvert2->fetch());
输出
INSERTED BEFORE SETTING SQL TIMEZONE. NO CONVERT
stdClass Object
(
[id] => 1
[now] => 2018-02-27 20:16:22
[mydatetime] => 2018-02-27 20:16:22
)
INSERTED BEFORE SETTING SQL TIMEZONE. YES CONVERT1
stdClass Object
(
[id] => 1
[now] => 2018-02-27 20:16:22
[mydatetime] => 2018-02-27 12:16:22
)
SET SQL TIMEZONE
INSERTED BEFORE SETTING SQL TIMEZONE. NO CONVERT
stdClass Object
(
[id] => 1
[now] => 2018-02-27 12:16:22
[mydatetime] => 2018-02-27 20:16:22
)
INSERTED BEFORE SETTING SQL TIMEZONE. YES CONVERT1
stdClass Object
(
[id] => 1
[now] => 2018-02-27 12:16:22
[mydatetime] => 2018-02-27 12:16:22
)
INSERTED BEFORE SETTING SQL TIMEZONE. YES CONVERT2
stdClass Object
(
[id] => 1
[now] => 2018-02-27 12:16:22
[mydatetime] => 2018-02-27 12:16:22
)
INSERTED AFTER SETTING SQL TIMEZONE. NO CONVERT
stdClass Object
(
[id] => 2
[now] => 2018-02-27 12:16:22
[mydatetime] => 2018-02-27 12:16:22
)
INSERTED AFTER SETTING SQL TIMEZONE. YES CONVERT1
stdClass Object
(
[id] => 2
[now] => 2018-02-27 12:16:22
[mydatetime] => 2018-02-27 04:16:22
)
INSERTED AFTER SETTING SQL TIMEZONE. YES CONVERT2
stdClass Object
(
[id] => 2
[now] => 2018-02-27 12:16:22
[mydatetime] => 2018-02-27 04:16:22
)
NotionCommotion
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【问题讨论】：
您尝试直接在 Maria 的 my.cnf 文件中更改 time_zone 吗？default_time_zone=Europe/Parishttps://***.com/questions/26349714/mariadb-set-timezone-in-config
也许我看不到你的问题。 MariaDB 使用系统时区。您可以通过转到 /etc/my.cnf.d/mariadb-server.cnf 来更改它，在 [server] 中为 UTC 或您需要的添加“default-time-zone=+00:00”。
(1) 问题是什么？ (2) 输出的哪一部分不是您所期望的？ （3）“运行这些脚本几分钟后，日期返回......”是什么意思？
@MatheusOliveira 另一个问题，但我似乎没有。请参阅dba.stackexchange.com/questions/198737/…。
【参考方案1】：
...或者更可能是我做错了什么。
宾果！ :-)
看这里...（强调）：
MariaDB [datalogger]> 解释要点； +----------------+-------------+------+-----+----- ----+----------------+ |领域 |类型 |空 |钥匙 |默认 |额外 | +----------------+-------------+------+-----+----- ----+----------------+ |编号 |整数(11) |否 |优先级 |空 |自动增量 | | idPublic |整数(11) |否 |穆尔 | 0 | | |帐户ID |整数(11) |否 |穆尔 |空 | | |姓名 | varchar(45) |否 |穆尔 |空 | | |价值 |浮动 |是 | |空 | | |值旧 |浮动 |是 | |空 | | |单位 | varchar(45) |是 | |空 | | |类型 |字符(8) |否 |穆尔 |空 | | |坡度 |浮动 |否 | | 1 | | |拦截 |浮动 |否 | | 0 | | | tsValue 更新 | 日期时间 |是 | |空 | | +----------------+-------------+------+-----+----- ----+----------------+ 一组 11 行（0.00 秒）
MariaDB 有两种不同的数据类型能够存储日期 + 时间：DATETIME（您正在使用）和 TIMESTAMP（您没有使用）。
主要区别在于 TIMESTAMP 从会话 time_zone 转换为会话并以 UTC 格式存储，而 DATETIME 只是按提供的方式存储和检索（不考虑时区 )。
这记录在Time zone effects:
某些功能会受到时区设置的影响。其中包括
NOW()CURTIME()UNIX_TIMESTAMP()以及从
TIMESTAMP列中存储和检索的值。后者在存储时转换为 UTC (Coordinated Universal Time)，并在检索时转换回来。部分功能不受影响。其中包括：
UTC_TIMESTAMP()还有
DATETIME、DATE和TIME列。
因此，无论您如何调整时区设置，如果您的值存储在 DATETIME 列中，那么它们将始终按照输入的内容进行检索。如果您希望 MariaDB 在插入/检索时处理会话时区之间的转换，则必须改用 TIMESTAMP 列。
【讨论】：
感谢eggyal，我发现我可以在将NOW() 插入记录之前设置时区，该值将是本地时间，但是，这从来都不是一件好事。相反，我一直使用 UTC 时间保存 DATETIME，如果需要本地时间，则使用 CONVERT_TZ() 检索。
@user1032531：我建议使用TIMESTAMP 并为自己省去麻烦（另外还可以省去以后想记住它是如何工作的任何人），但这取决于你。 以上是关于如何使用 MariaDB 返回本地时间 SQL 结果的主要内容，如果未能解决你的问题，请参考以下文章
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