如何在 Spring Boot 中设置 UTF-8 字符编码?

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【中文标题】如何在 Spring Boot 中设置 UTF-8 字符编码?【英文标题】:How to set UTF-8 character encoding in Spring boot? 【发布时间】:2017-01-02 23:11:57 【问题描述】:

我在我的项目中使用 spring-boot,并运行这个由 spring-boot 构建的 jar 文件作为 Centos 上的服务。当我运行此服务时:

服务 myApp 启动

我总是收到以下错误消息:

2016-08-26 09:11:02.002 ERROR 31900 --- [           main] o.s.b.c.FileEncodingApplicationListener  : System property 'file.encoding' is currently 'ANSI_X3.4-1968'. It should be 'UTF-8' (as defined in 'spring.mandatoryFileEncoding').
2016-08-26 09:11:02.018 ERROR 31900 --- [           main] o.s.b.c.FileEncodingApplicationListener  : Environment variable LANG is 'null'. You could use a locale setting that matches encoding='UTF-8'.
2016-08-26 09:11:02.018 ERROR 31900 --- [           main] o.s.b.c.FileEncodingApplicationListener  : Environment variable LC_ALL is 'null'. You could use a locale setting that matches encoding='UTF-8'.
2016-08-26 09:11:02.031 ERROR 31900 --- [           main] o.s.boot.SpringApplication               : Application startup failed
java.lang.IllegalStateException: The Java Virtual Machine has not been configured to use the desired default character encoding (UTF-8).
    at org.springframework.boot.context.FileEncodingApplicationListener.onApplicationEvent(FileEncodingApplicationListener.java:74) ~[spring-boot-1.3.7.RELEASE.jar!/:1.3.7.RELEASE]

如果我直接运行这个 jar 文件,那么这个应用程序可以正常运行。

java -jar 目标/myApp-1.0.jar

 .   ____          _            __ _ _
 /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
 \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
  '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
 :: Spring Boot ::        (v1.3.7.RELEASE)

......

2016-08-26 09:54:34.954 DEBUG 32035 --- [           main] o.s.w.s.resource.ResourceUrlProvider     : Found resource handler mapping: URL pattern="/**", locations=[ServletContext resource [/], class path resource [META-INF/resources/], class path resource [resources/], class path resource [static/], class path resource [public/]], resolvers=[org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.PathResourceResolver@1817d444]
2016-08-26 09:54:35.051  INFO 32035 --- [           main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8000 (http)
2016-08-26 09:54:35.053 DEBUG 32035 --- [           main] o.s.w.c.s.StandardServletEnvironment     : Adding [server.ports] PropertySource with highest search precedence
2016-08-26 09:54:35.061  INFO 32035 --- [           main] co.nz.myApplication           : Started myApplication in 12.339 seconds (JVM running for 13.183)

这是 pom.xml:

<project>
....

 <parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>1.3.7.RELEASE</version>
    <relativePath/>
 </parent>

 <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <java.version>1.8</java.version>
 </properties>
 ....

 <build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <configuration>
                <executable>true</executable>
                <jvmArguments>-Dfile.encoding=UTF8 -Dspring.profiles.active="production"</jvmArguments>
            </configuration>
            <dependencies>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                    <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
                    <version>1.2.5.RELEASE</version>
                </dependency>
            </dependencies>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
 </build>
</project>

application.properties:

....
spring.mandatory-file-encoding=UTF-8
spring.http.encoding.charset=UTF-8
spring.http.encoding.enabled=true
....

Centos 上的语言环境设置:

$ locale

LANG=en_US.UTF-8
LC_CTYPE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_NUMERIC="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_TIME="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_COLLATE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MONETARY="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MESSAGES="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_PAPER="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_NAME="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_ADDRESS="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_TELEPHONE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MEASUREMENT="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_IDENTIFICATION="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8

我尽可能检查所有文件设置,但是我仍然不知道如何解决这个问题。如果您能给我任何建议,我将不胜感激。

【问题讨论】:

创建一个FilterRegistrationBean 请看:character encoding filter 【参考方案1】:

解决方案

添加到配置文件(对于应用程序/var/app/app.jar,它将是/var/app/app.conf)以下行:

export LANG='en_US.UTF-8'

原因

问题出在 linux systemd (service) 中。我用脚本/etc/init.d/test对其进行了测试:

#/bin/bash
locale

命令结果$ /etc/init.d/test:

LANG=en_US.UTF-8
LC_CTYPE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_NUMERIC="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_TIME="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_COLLATE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MONETARY="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MESSAGES="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_PAPER="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_NAME="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_ADDRESS="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_TELEPHONE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MEASUREMENT="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_IDENTIFICATION="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_ALL=

和命令$ service test的结果:

LANG=
LC_CTYPE="POSIX"
LC_NUMERIC="POSIX"
LC_TIME="POSIX"
LC_COLLATE="POSIX"
LC_MONETARY="POSIX"
LC_MESSAGES="POSIX"
LC_PAPER="POSIX"
LC_NAME="POSIX"
LC_ADDRESS="POSIX"
LC_TELEPHONE="POSIX"
LC_MEASUREMENT="POSIX"
LC_IDENTIFICATION="POSIX"
LC_ALL=

在 spring boot jar 文件中是内置的 systemd 脚本,在运行之前执行 spring boot:

# Source any config file
configfile="$(basename "$jarfile%.*.conf")"

# Initialize CONF_FOLDER location defaulting to jarfolder
[[ -z "$CONF_FOLDER" ]] && CONF_FOLDER="$jarfolder"

# shellcheck source=/dev/null
[[ -r "$CONF_FOLDER/$configfile" ]] && source "$CONF_FOLDER/$configfile"

【讨论】:

【参考方案2】:

根据我在这里的回答:https://***.com/a/48952844/986160 你需要运行:

mvn spring-boot:run -Drun.jvmArguments="-Dfile.encoding=UTF-8"

【讨论】:

我已经尝试过您的命令,但不起作用。它已经工作java -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -jar khar.jar 这是用于 jar 应用程序而不是用于 spring boot - 我没有 jars【参考方案3】:

我终于找到了一种方法,可以正常启动 Spring-boot 项目。

解决方案是使用sudo /etc/init.d/myApp start 而不是service myApp start

【讨论】:

【参考方案4】:

第一行告诉你应该设置系统属性'file.encoding'。我认为这就是问题所在。请看:Setting the default Java character encoding?

【讨论】:

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