可编码的自定义类类型属性不能从 JSON 初始化它自己的属性
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【中文标题】可编码的自定义类类型属性不能从 JSON 初始化它自己的属性【英文标题】:Codable custom class type property can not initialize its own properties from JSON 【发布时间】:2018-02-06 09:39:06 【问题描述】:我的 Json:
"message":"OK",
"response":[
"article_id":"201802062200722818",
"lead":"Poliisi vapautti naisen ja otti miehen kiinni. Satakunnan käräjäoikeus vangitsi miehen tiistaina.",
"headline":"Poliisi epäilee: 19-vuotias raumalaismies piti alaikäistä naista mökillä vankina",
"title":"Poliisi epäilee: 19-vuotias raumalaismies piti alaikäistä naista mökillä vankina",
"service_name":"iltalehti",
"main_image_name":"cae51c694cc7f31257290ff96489f3cf852329a887509621b29a27fbaa0f8894.jpg",
"category":
"category_name":"kotimaa",
"description":"Kotimaan uutiset",
"parent_category":
"category_name":"uutiset",
"description":"Uutiset",
"parent_category":null
,
"main_image_urls":
"default":"https://img.ilcdn.fi/PcWFp0weItXN2WAWKBXCO_H2VsQ=/510x/img-s3.ilcdn.fi/cae51c694cc7f31257290ff96489f3cf852329a887509621b29a27fbaa0f8894.jpg",
"size30":"https://img.ilcdn.fi/_LNHr84u93ntg3tX37oHyGBlRNA=/30x/img-s3.ilcdn.fi/cae51c694cc7f31257290ff96489f3cf852329a887509621b29a27fbaa0f8894.jpg",
"size98":"https://img.ilcdn.fi/r624bQFqaJ3xqrMScif38JH6SBM=/98x/img-s3.ilcdn.fi/cae51c694cc7f31257290ff96489f3cf852329a887509621b29a27fbaa0f8894.jpg",
"size138":"https://img.ilcdn.fi/dyemZCdMpjAFTnnD5JiYLh3WGJI=/138x/img-s3.ilcdn.fi/cae51c694cc7f31257290ff96489f3cf852329a887509621b29a27fbaa0f8894.jpg",
"size244":"https://img.ilcdn.fi/2AiJpLa4oLxEDE0jL_LazhOiTMM=/244x/img-s3.ilcdn.fi/cae51c694cc7f31257290ff96489f3cf852329a887509621b29a27fbaa0f8894.jpg",
"size293":"https://img.ilcdn.fi/iyAZVQ0ufAHrX2inGCiE9QPQjMU=/293x/img-s3.ilcdn.fi/cae51c694cc7f31257290ff96489f3cf852329a887509621b29a27fbaa0f8894.jpg",
"size310":"https://img.ilcdn.fi/XGmL7EEqo0OR5Vzvbel1hSeTmHI=/310x/img-s3.ilcdn.fi/cae51c694cc7f31257290ff96489f3cf852329a887509621b29a27fbaa0f8894.jpg",
"size510":"https://img.ilcdn.fi/PcWFp0weItXN2WAWKBXCO_H2VsQ=/510x/img-s3.ilcdn.fi/cae51c694cc7f31257290ff96489f3cf852329a887509621b29a27fbaa0f8894.jpg",
"size820":"https://img.ilcdn.fi/N-XV5ZqQASGpvUe-3DAcq4i1928=/820x/img-s3.ilcdn.fi/cae51c694cc7f31257290ff96489f3cf852329a887509621b29a27fbaa0f8894.jpg",
"size1024":"https://img.ilcdn.fi/J5Cm5P2SJMNymHza7s3LdEEvKLg=/1024x/img-s3.ilcdn.fi/cae51c694cc7f31257290ff96489f3cf852329a887509621b29a27fbaa0f8894.jpg"
,
"published_at":"2018-02-06T10:42:40+02:00",
"updated_at":null
]
我的Codable
模型类
Articles.swift
import Foundation
struct Articles : Codable
let message : String?
let response : [Article]?
enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey
case message = "message"
case response = "response"
init(from decoder: Decoder) throws
let values = try decoder.container(keyedBy: CodingKeys.self)
message = try values.decodeIfPresent(String.self, forKey: .message)
response = try values.decodeIfPresent([Article].self, forKey: .response)
Article.swift
import Foundation
struct Article : Codable
let article_id : String?
let lead : String?
let headline : String?
let title : String?
let service_name : String?
let main_image_name : String?
let category : Category?
let main_image_urls : Main_image_urls?
let published_at : String?
let updated_at : String?
enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey
case article_id = "article_id"
case lead = "lead"
case headline = "headline"
case title = "title"
case service_name = "service_name"
case main_image_name = "main_image_name"
case category
case main_image_urls
case published_at = "published_at"
case updated_at = "updated_at"
init(from decoder: Decoder) throws
let values = try decoder.container(keyedBy: CodingKeys.self)
article_id = try values.decodeIfPresent(String.self, forKey: .article_id)
lead = try values.decodeIfPresent(String.self, forKey: .lead)
headline = try values.decodeIfPresent(String.self, forKey: .headline)
title = try values.decodeIfPresent(String.self, forKey: .title)
service_name = try values.decodeIfPresent(String.self, forKey: .service_name)
main_image_name = try values.decodeIfPresent(String.self, forKey: .main_image_name)
category = try Category(from: decoder)
main_image_urls = try Main_image_urls(from: decoder)
published_at = try values.decodeIfPresent(String.self, forKey: .published_at)
updated_at = try values.decodeIfPresent(String.self, forKey: .updated_at)
Category.swift
import Foundation
struct Category : Codable
let category_name : String?
let description : String?
let parent_category : Parent_category?
enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey
case category_name = "category_name"
case description = "description"
case parent_category
init(from decoder: Decoder) throws
let values = try decoder.container(keyedBy: CodingKeys.self)
category_name = try values.decodeIfPresent(String.self, forKey: .category_name)
description = try values.decodeIfPresent(String.self, forKey: .description)
parent_category = try Parent_category(from: decoder)
Parent_category.swift
import Foundation
struct Parent_category : Codable
let category_name : String?
let description : String?
let parent_category : String?
enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey
case category_name = "category_name"
case description = "description"
case parent_category = "parent_category"
init(from decoder: Decoder) throws
let values = try decoder.container(keyedBy: CodingKeys.self)
category_name = try values.decodeIfPresent(String.self, forKey: .category_name)
description = try values.decodeIfPresent(String.self, forKey: .description)
parent_category = try values.decodeIfPresent(String.self, forKey: .parent_category)
问题:
我正在尝试使用Codable
协议从 JSON 初始化我的模型类。它适用于原生数据类型(String、Int 等),但如果结构包含自定义类型属性对象,则不会初始化该自定义结构(类)的属性。
示例:Category
是 Article
结构中的自定义类型对象。每个自定义类负责初始化其属性,确认Codable
协议并拥有自己的init(from decoder: Decoder)
方法。
但不知何故,category
和其他自定义类型无法初始化它们自己的属性。(例如,Category
类中的 category_name = nil
,Parent_category
和 Main_image_urls
也是如此),我正在关注结果:(有些值为零)
xcode 上的控制台登录
po article
▿ Optional<Article>
▿ some : Article
▿ article_id : Optional<String>
- some : "201802062200722818"
▿ lead : Optional<String>
- some : "Poliisi vapautti naisen ja otti miehen kiinni. Satakunnan käräjäoikeus vangitsi miehen tiistaina."
▿ headline : Optional<String>
- some : "Poliisi epäilee: 19-vuotias raumalaismies piti alaikäistä naista mökillä vankina"
▿ title : Optional<String>
- some : "Poliisi epäilee: 19-vuotias raumalaismies piti alaikäistä naista mökillä vankina"
▿ service_name : Optional<String>
- some : "iltalehti"
▿ main_image_name : Optional<String>
- some : "cae51c694cc7f31257290ff96489f3cf852329a887509621b29a27fbaa0f8894.jpg"
▿ category : Optional<Category>
▿ some : Category
- category_name : nil
- description : nil
▿ parent_category : Optional<Parent_category>
▿ some : Parent_category
- category_name : nil
- description : nil
- parent_category : nil
▿ main_image_urls : Optional<Main_image_urls>
▿ some : Main_image_urls
- default : nil
- size30 : nil
- size98 : nil
- size138 : nil
- size244 : nil
- size293 : nil
- size310 : nil
- size510 : nil
- size820 : nil
- size1024 : nil
▿ published_at : Optional<String>
- some : "2018-02-06T10:42:40+02:00"
- updated_at : nil
我错过了什么吗?请帮助大家:-)
【问题讨论】:
如果在 Article.swift 中的 category = try Category(from: decoder) 处设置断点会发生什么?是否有一个错误可以告诉您失败的原因? 没有任何反应。没有错误。行 try values.decodeIfPresent(String.self, forKey: .category_name) 在我的类别类的 init 方法中返回 nil 【参考方案1】:在Article.swift
尝试更改以下行
category = try Category(from: decoder)
main_image_urls = try Main_image_urls(from: decoder)
到
category = values.decodeIfPresent(Category.self, forKey: .category)
main_image_urls = values.decodeIfPresent(Main_image_urls.self, forKey: .main_image_urls)
您的类Main_image_urls
也应该符合可编码。
您也可以尝试省略init(from decoder: Decoder)
方法,让编译器合成它。这也适用于自定义 CodingKeys 枚举。
更新:
同时更改Category.swift
中的以下行
parent_category = try Parent_category(from: decoder)
到
parent_category = values.decodeIfPresent(Parent_category.self, forKey: .parentCategory)
【讨论】:
我试过了。它抛出错误 Error Error Domain=NSCocoaErrorDomain Code=4864 "Expected to decode String but found a dictionary 相反。" UserInfo=NSCodingPath=( "IltalehtiToday.Articles.CodingKeys.response", "Foundation.(_JSONKey in _12768CA107A31EF2DCE034FD75B541C9)(stringValue: \"Index 0\", intValue: Optional(0))", "IltalehtiToday.Article.CodingKeys. category", "IltalehtiToday.Parent_category.CodingKeys.parent_category" ), NSDebugDescription=应该解码 String 但找到了字典。 从数据中解析 JSON (size:2391) 我更新了我的答案:-)。如果这没有帮助,请尝试删除每个结构中的初始化函数。 Xcode 会自己生成它,因为你所有的结构都是可编码的。 啊,好的,它现在正在工作。谢谢。你知道为什么不使用 category = try Category(from: decoder) 是的,如果不使用values.decode...
你在这个函数里面,解码器不知道在哪里(在哪个键)寻找指定的对象。以上是关于可编码的自定义类类型属性不能从 JSON 初始化它自己的属性的主要内容,如果未能解决你的问题,请参考以下文章