Python 3 pip 包安装在 Windows 上的 Ubuntu 上，出现 Errno 22 失败
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【中文标题】Python 3 pip 包安装在 Windows 上的 Ubuntu 上，出现 Errno 22 失败【英文标题】：Python 3 pip packages install on Ubuntu on Windows failing with Errno 22 【发布时间】：2016-08-18 23:39:10 【问题描述】：我知道 Windows 上的 Bash (Ubuntu) 仍处于测试阶段，但我想帮助它在整体上更好，以供我使用，并帮助开发人员缩小issue：
当我在使用 Python 3 的 pip 时尝试安装 Flask 或 Hug 等软件包时，几乎每个软件包都会出错，而 Python 2 的 pip 工作正常。请注意，我对两者都使用 virtualenv。此外，即使它使用缓存的包，当新下载它们时问题仍然存在。 这是 Python 3 的 Jinja2 示例：
(test) adam@WORKSTATION:~$ pip install Jinja2
Collecting Jinja2
Using cached Jinja2-2.8-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting MarkupSafe (from Jinja2)
Using cached MarkupSafe-0.23.tar.gz
Building wheels for collected packages: MarkupSafe
Running setup.py bdist_wheel for MarkupSafe ... error
Complete output from command /home/adam/test/bin/python3 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-_fpuv22h/MarkupSafe/setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" bdist_wheel -d /tmp/tmpff6o7wfcpip-wheel- --python-tag cp34:
running bdist_wheel
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/markupsafe
copying markupsafe/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/markupsafe
copying markupsafe/_compat.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/markupsafe
copying markupsafe/_constants.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/markupsafe
copying markupsafe/_native.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/markupsafe
copying markupsafe/tests.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/markupsafe
running egg_info
writing MarkupSafe.egg-info/PKG-INFO
writing dependency_links to MarkupSafe.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
writing top-level names to MarkupSafe.egg-info/top_level.txt
warning: manifest_maker: standard file '-c' not found
reading manifest file 'MarkupSafe.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
reading manifest template 'MANIFEST.in'
writing manifest file 'MarkupSafe.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
copying markupsafe/_speedups.c -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/markupsafe
running build_ext
building 'markupsafe._speedups' extension
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.4
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.4/markupsafe
x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -g -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -Wformat -Werror=format-security -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -I/usr/include/python3.4m -I/home/adam/test/include/python3.4m -c markupsafe/_speedups.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.4/markupsafe/_speedups.o
x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -g -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -Wformat -Werror=format-security -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.4/markupsafe/_speedups.o -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/markupsafe/_speedups.cpython-34m.so
installing to build/bdist.linux-x86_64/wheel
running install
running install_lib
creating build/bdist.linux-x86_64
creating build/bdist.linux-x86_64/wheel
creating build/bdist.linux-x86_64/wheel/markupsafe
copying build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/markupsafe/__init__.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/wheel/markupsafe
copying build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/markupsafe/_compat.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/wheel/markupsafe
copying build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/markupsafe/_constants.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/wheel/markupsafe
copying build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/markupsafe/_native.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/wheel/markupsafe
copying build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/markupsafe/_speedups.c -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/wheel/markupsafe
copying build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/markupsafe/_speedups.cpython-34m.so -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/wheel/markupsafe
copying build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/markupsafe/tests.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/wheel/markupsafe
running install_egg_info
Copying MarkupSafe.egg-info to build/bdist.linux-x86_64/wheel/MarkupSafe-0.23-py3.4.egg-info
error: [Errno 22] Invalid argument: 'MarkupSafe.egg-info/PKG-INFO'
----------------------------------------
Failed building wheel for MarkupSafe
Running setup.py clean for MarkupSafe
Failed to build MarkupSafe
Installing collected packages: MarkupSafe, Jinja2
Running setup.py install for MarkupSafe ... error
Complete output from command /home/adam/test/bin/python3 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-_fpuv22h/MarkupSafe/setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-or8krd05-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /home/adam/test/include/site/python3.4/MarkupSafe:
running install
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/markupsafe
copying markupsafe/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/markupsafe
copying markupsafe/_compat.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/markupsafe
copying markupsafe/_constants.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/markupsafe
copying markupsafe/_native.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/markupsafe
copying markupsafe/tests.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/markupsafe
running egg_info
writing top-level names to MarkupSafe.egg-info/top_level.txt
writing MarkupSafe.egg-info/PKG-INFO
writing dependency_links to MarkupSafe.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
warning: manifest_maker: standard file '-c' not found
reading manifest file 'MarkupSafe.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
reading manifest template 'MANIFEST.in'
writing manifest file 'MarkupSafe.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
copying markupsafe/_speedups.c -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/markupsafe
running build_ext
building 'markupsafe._speedups' extension
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.4
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.4/markupsafe
x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -g -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -Wformat -Werror=format-security -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -I/usr/include/python3.4m -I/home/adam/test/include/python3.4m -c markupsafe/_speedups.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.4/markupsafe/_speedups.o
x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -g -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -Wformat -Werror=format-security -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.4/markupsafe/_speedups.o -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/markupsafe/_speedups.cpython-34m.so
running install_lib
creating /home/adam/test/lib/python3.4/site-packages/markupsafe
copying build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/markupsafe/__init__.py -> /home/adam/test/lib/python3.4/site-packages/markupsafe
copying build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/markupsafe/_compat.py -> /home/adam/test/lib/python3.4/site-packages/markupsafe
copying build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/markupsafe/_constants.py -> /home/adam/test/lib/python3.4/site-packages/markupsafe
copying build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/markupsafe/_native.py -> /home/adam/test/lib/python3.4/site-packages/markupsafe
copying build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/markupsafe/_speedups.c -> /home/adam/test/lib/python3.4/site-packages/markupsafe
copying build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/markupsafe/_speedups.cpython-34m.so -> /home/adam/test/lib/python3.4/site-packages/markupsafe
copying build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.4/markupsafe/tests.py -> /home/adam/test/lib/python3.4/site-packages/markupsafe
byte-compiling /home/adam/test/lib/python3.4/site-packages/markupsafe/__init__.py to __init__.cpython-34.pyc
byte-compiling /home/adam/test/lib/python3.4/site-packages/markupsafe/_compat.py to _compat.cpython-34.pyc
byte-compiling /home/adam/test/lib/python3.4/site-packages/markupsafe/_constants.py to _constants.cpython-34.pyc
byte-compiling /home/adam/test/lib/python3.4/site-packages/markupsafe/_native.py to _native.cpython-34.pyc
byte-compiling /home/adam/test/lib/python3.4/site-packages/markupsafe/tests.py to tests.cpython-34.pyc
running install_egg_info
Copying MarkupSafe.egg-info to /home/adam/test/lib/python3.4/site-packages/MarkupSafe-0.23-py3.4.egg-info
error: [Errno 22] Invalid argument: 'MarkupSafe.egg-info/PKG-INFO'
----------------------------------------
Command "/home/adam/test/bin/python3 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-_fpuv22h/MarkupSafe/setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-or8krd05-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /home/adam/test/include/site/python3.4/MarkupSafe" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-_fpuv22h/MarkupSafe/
这是 Python 2 的结果：
(test2) adam@WORKSTATION:~$ pip install Jinja2
Collecting Jinja2
Using cached Jinja2-2.8-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting MarkupSafe (from Jinja2)
Installing collected packages: MarkupSafe, Jinja2
Successfully installed Jinja2-2.8 MarkupSafe-0.23
我试过了：
sudo apt-get 更新 sudo apt-get 升级 sudo apt-get install python-virtualenv sudo pip install -U virtualenv sudo apt-get install python3-pip How do I use pip 3 with Python 3.4? pip install -U pip sudo apt-get install python3-setuptools sudo apt-get install python3-dev如果没有解决方案，那是可以理解的，因为 Windows 上的 Ubuntu 仍处于测试阶段，但我想知道问题的根源是什么，以便我可以报告。
【问题讨论】：
我尝试在 Windows 上使用 Build 14332 全新安装 Ubuntu，这一次我得到了一个稍微不同的错误，仅适用于 Python 3：error: [Errno 38] Function not implemented: 'MarkupSafe.egg-info/PKG-INFO'，最初编译失败后使用：unable to execute 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc': No such file or directory。我会尝试通过提供该工具来安装这些东西。
我安装了python3-dev并修复了unable to execute 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc': No such file or directory，但第二个错误仍然弹出
【参考方案1】：
使用 python3-pip 包中的 pip3 我没问题：
$ pip3 install Jinja2
Collecting Jinja2
Downloading Jinja2-2.8-py2.py3-none-any.whl (263kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 266kB 2.0MB/s
Collecting MarkupSafe (from Jinja2)
Downloading MarkupSafe-0.23.tar.gz
Building wheels for collected packages: MarkupSafe
Running setup.py bdist_wheel for MarkupSafe ... done
Stored in directory: /home/lmazuel/.cache/pip/wheels/a3/fa/dc/0198eed9ad95489b8a4f45d14dd5d2aee3f8984e46862c5748
Successfully built MarkupSafe
Installing collected packages: MarkupSafe, Jinja2
Successfully installed Jinja2-2.8 MarkupSafe-0.23enter code here
使用 Windows 10 Insider Preview 14366
【讨论】：
因此，对于 Python 3，似乎使用 virtualenv 会破坏pip。【参考方案2】：
试试这个命令，也许它对你有用：
<path\to\python3\python.exe> -m pip install <package>
【讨论】：
【参考方案3】：你好，我也有同样的问题，我尝试了很多不同的命令行，这个对我有用：
试试： conda install py-xgboost
我正在使用 Ubuntu Linux Mint。我明白了：
Collecting package metadata: done
Solving environment: done
## Package Plan ##
environment location: /home/simplonco/anaconda3
added / updated specs:
- py-xgboost
The following packages will be downloaded:
package | build
---------------------------|-----------------
_py-xgboost-mutex-2.0 | cpu_0 9 KB
ca-certificates-2019.1.23 | 0 126 KB
certifi-2018.11.29 | py37_0 146 KB
conda-4.6.2 | py37_0 1.7 MB
libxgboost-0.80 | he6710b0_0 3.7 MB
mkl-2019.1 | 144 204.6 MB
mkl_fft-1.0.10 | py37ha843d7b_0 169 KB
mkl_random-1.0.2 | py37hd81dba3_0 405 KB
numpy-1.15.4 | py37h7e9f1db_0 47 KB
numpy-base-1.15.4 | py37hde5b4d6_0 4.2 MB
py-xgboost-0.80 | py37he6710b0_0 1.7 MB
scikit-learn-0.20.2 | py37hd81dba3_0 5.7 MB
scipy-1.2.0 | py37h7c811a0_0 17.7 MB
------------------------------------------------------------
Total: 240.0 MB
The following NEW packages will be INSTALLED:
_py-xgboost-mutex pkgs/main/linux-64::_py-xgboost-mutex-2.0-cpu_0
libxgboost pkgs/main/linux-64::libxgboost-0.80-he6710b0_0
py-xgboost pkgs/main/linux-64::py-xgboost-0.80-py37he6710b0_0
The following packages will be UPDATED:
ca-certificates anaconda::ca-certificates-2018.12.5-0 --> pkgs/main::ca-certificates-2019.1.23-0
mkl 2019.0-118 --> 2019.1-144
mkl_fft 1.0.4-py37h4414c95_1 --> 1.0.10-py37ha843d7b_0
mkl_random 1.0.1-py37h4414c95_1 --> 1.0.2-py37hd81dba3_0
numpy 1.15.1-py37h1d66e8a_0 --> 1.15.4-py37h7e9f1db_0
numpy-base 1.15.1-py37h81de0dd_0 --> 1.15.4-py37hde5b4d6_0
scikit-learn 0.19.2-py37h4989274_0 --> 0.20.2-py37hd81dba3_0
scipy 1.1.0-py37hfa4b5c9_1 --> 1.2.0-py37h7c811a0_0
The following packages will be SUPERSEDED by a higher-priority channel:
certifi anaconda --> pkgs/main
conda anaconda --> pkgs/main
openssl anaconda::openssl-1.1.1-h7b6447c_0 --> pkgs/main::openssl-1.1.1a-h7b6447c_0
Proceed ([y]/n)? y
Downloading and Extracting Packages
libxgboost-0.80 | 3.7 MB | ##################################### | 100%
mkl_random-1.0.2 | 405 KB | ##################################### | 100%
certifi-2018.11.29 | 146 KB | ##################################### | 100%
ca-certificates-2019 | 126 KB | ##################################### | 100%
conda-4.6.2 | 1.7 MB | ##################################### | 100%
mkl-2019.1 | 204.6 MB | ##################################### | 100%
mkl_fft-1.0.10 | 169 KB | ##################################### | 100%
numpy-1.15.4 | 47 KB | ##################################### | 100%
scipy-1.2.0 | 17.7 MB | ##################################### | 100%
scikit-learn-0.20.2 | 5.7 MB | ##################################### | 100%
py-xgboost-0.80 | 1.7 MB | ##################################### | 100%
_py-xgboost-mutex-2. | 9 KB | ##################################### | 100%
numpy-base-1.15.4 | 4.2 MB | ##################################### | 100%
Preparing transaction: done
Verifying transaction: done
Executing transaction: done
【讨论】：
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