SwiftUI,为啥部分视图没有刷新? @State 变量未更新

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【中文标题】SwiftUI,为啥部分视图没有刷新? @State 变量未更新【英文标题】:SwiftUI, why a part of the view did not refresh? @State variable not updatingSwiftUI,为什么部分视图没有刷新? @State 变量未更新 【发布时间】:2020-04-08 01:15:04 【问题描述】:

这是我在 SwiftUI 代码中遇到的问题的再现。假设有一个设备列表,并且每个我都有一些连接信息(启用或未启用)。

使用 SwiftUI 中的经典列表,每个设备都会显示一个 DeviceView。 为方便起见,我想在顶部添加几个箭头来在设备之间切换,而无需每次都返回列表(理解,就像 ios 中的邮件应用程序)。 因此,我没有从列表中调用 DeviceView,而是在调用存储当前设备信息的 MotherDeviceView 之前。当我点击顶部的箭头时, MotherDeviceView 再次调用 DeviceView 并更新视图。

struct Device: Identifiable 
    var id = Int()
    var deviceName = String()

    var isWifiOn = Bool()
    var isCellularOn = Bool()
    var isBluetoothOn = Bool()


let devices: [Device] = [
    Device(id: 0, deviceName: "iPhone", isWifiOn: true, isCellularOn: false, isBluetoothOn: true),
    Device(id: 1, deviceName: "iPod", isWifiOn: false, isCellularOn: false, isBluetoothOn: true),
    Device(id: 2, deviceName: "iPad", isWifiOn: false, isCellularOn: true, isBluetoothOn: false)
]

// main view, with list of devices
struct DeviceTab: View 
    var body: some View 
        NavigationView 
            List(devices)  device in
                NavigationLink(destination: MotherDeviceView(device: device))
                    Text(device.deviceName)
                
            .navigationBarTitle(Text("Devices"))
        
    


// the list call this view and pass the device to DeviceView.
// Using this view is possible to go to the other device using the arrows on the top
// without returning to the list
struct MotherDeviceView: View 
    @State var device: Device

    var body: some View 
        VStack
            DeviceView(device: $device)
        
        .navigationBarItems(trailing: arrows)
    

    private var arrows: some View 
        HStack
            Button(action:  self.previous() ,
                    label:  Image(systemName: "chevron.up")  )
                .padding(.horizontal, 10)
            Button(action:  self.next() ,
                   label:  Image(systemName: "chevron.down")  )
        
    

    func previous() 
        if device.id == 0  return 
        device = devices[device.id - 1]
    

    func next() 
        if device.id == 2  return 
        device = devices[device.id + 1]
    



// DeviceView
struct DeviceView: View 
    @Binding var device: Device

    var body: some View 
        VStack
            Spacer()
            Text("This is the device number: " + String(device.id))
            Spacer()
            ToggleSection(dev: $device)
            Spacer()
        .navigationBarTitle(device.deviceName)
    


// Toggle part of DeviceView
struct ToggleSection: View 
    @Binding var dev: Device

    @State var toggleOn: [Bool] = [false, false, false]

    var body: some View 

        VStack

            Text(dev.deviceName)
                .fontWeight(.bold)

            Toggle(isOn: $toggleOn[0], label:  Text("Wifi")  )
                .padding()

            Toggle(isOn: $toggleOn[1], label:  Text("Cellular")  )
                .padding()

            Toggle(isOn: $toggleOn[2], label:  Text("Bluetooth")  )
                .padding()

        
        .onAppear self.initialConfigToggle() 
        // with onAppear is okay, but when I use the top arrows, this section does not update
    

    private func initialConfigToggle() 
        self.toggleOn[0] = self.dev.isWifiOn
        self.toggleOn[1] = self.dev.isCellularOn
        self.toggleOn[2] = self.dev.isBluetoothOn
    



但是 DeviceView 中有一个部分 ToggleSection 不会更新,我不知道如何解决这个问题。 也许强制更新?但我认为这不是正确的答案(但我什至不知道如何强制更新)。

我认为如果在 ToggleSection 中有 @Binding 而不是 @State 可能是正确的答案,但这不起作用。 这个例子可以工作(除了未更新的切换)

提前致谢!

【问题讨论】:

【参考方案1】:

这是一种可能的方法,它为设备存储添加了显式视图模型,并加入了所有视图以在该存储中进行精确修改(避免应对设备值)。

使用 Xcode 11.4 / iOS 13.4 测试

修改代码:

import SwiftUI
import Combine

struct Device: Identifiable 
    var id = Int()
    var deviceName = String()

    var isWifiOn = Bool()
    var isCellularOn = Bool()
    var isBluetoothOn = Bool()


class DeviceStorage: ObservableObject 
    @Published var devices: [Device] = [
        Device(id: 0, deviceName: "iPhone", isWifiOn: true, isCellularOn: false, isBluetoothOn: true),
        Device(id: 1, deviceName: "iPod", isWifiOn: false, isCellularOn: false, isBluetoothOn: true),
        Device(id: 2, deviceName: "iPad", isWifiOn: false, isCellularOn: true, isBluetoothOn: false)
    ]


// main view, with list of devices
struct DeviceTab: View 
    @ObservedObject var vm = DeviceStorage() // for demo, can be injected via init
    var body: some View 
        NavigationView 
            List(Array(vm.devices.enumerated()), id: \.element.id)  i, device in
                    NavigationLink(destination: MotherDeviceView(vm: self.vm, selectedDevice: i)) 
                        Text(device.deviceName)
                
            .navigationBarTitle(Text("Devices"))
        
    


struct MotherDeviceView: View 
    @ObservedObject var vm: DeviceStorage // reference type, so have same
    @State private var selected: Int      // selection index

    init(vm: DeviceStorage, selectedDevice: Int) 
        self.vm = vm
        self._selected = State<Int>(initialValue: selectedDevice)
    

    var body: some View 
        VStack
            DeviceView(device: $vm.devices[selected]) // bind to selected
        
        .navigationBarItems(trailing: arrows)
    

    private var arrows: some View 
        HStack
            Button(action:  self.previous() ,
                    label:  Image(systemName: "chevron.up")  )
                .padding(.horizontal, 10)
            Button(action:  self.next() ,
                   label:  Image(systemName: "chevron.down")  )
        
    

    func previous() 
        if vm.devices[selected].id == 0  return 
        selected -= 1                              // change selection
    

    func next() 
        if vm.devices[selected].id == 2  return 
        selected += 1                              // change selection
    



// DeviceView
struct DeviceView: View 
    @Binding var device: Device

    var body: some View 
        VStack
            Spacer()
            Text("This is the device number: " + String(device.id))
            Spacer()
            ToggleSection(dev: $device)
            Spacer()
        .navigationBarTitle(device.deviceName)
    


// Toggle part of DeviceView
struct ToggleSection: View 
    @Binding var dev: Device

    var body: some View 

        VStack

            Text(dev.deviceName)
                .fontWeight(.bold)

            // all below bound directly to model !!!

            Toggle(isOn: $dev.isWifiOn, label:  Text("Wifi")  )
                .padding()

            Toggle(isOn: $dev.isCellularOn, label:  Text("Cellular")  )
                .padding()

            Toggle(isOn: $dev.isBluetoothOn, label:  Text("Bluetooth")  )
                .padding()

        
    

【讨论】:

这是个好主意!但是在 ToggleSection 中,我需要计算 Toggle 的“isOn”状态。在这里我没有报告这一点,但实际上在 ToggleSection 中有另一个 @State var toggleDisabled: [Bool] 计算是否可以启用或禁用切换(用户无法与之交互)。使用这种方法无法将计算绑定传递给 Toggle。 好的,我解决了(例如使用简单的计算值)Toggle(isOn: Binding( get: return !self.dev.isCellularOn, set: (newvalue) in ), label: Text("Cellular") )。谢谢你的回答!

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