装饰算子python3.5

Posted 2023-02-23

【中文标题】装饰算子python3.5

【英文标题】：Decorate operators python3.5

【发布时间】：2017-04-07 01:25:06

【问题描述】：

我正在尝试装饰类中的所有方法，并且我成功使用了此代码，但我也尝试记录对 * + - / 等运算符的调用，有没有办法装饰它们或类似 getattr(self,"*") 的东西记录通话？

---

class Logger(object):
  def __init__(self, bool):
      self.bool = bool

  def __call__(self, cls):
      class DecoratedClass(cls):
          def __init__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
              super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)

              if not(self.bool):
                  return
              methods = [func for func in dir(cls)
                      if callable(getattr(cls, func))
                      and not func.startswith("__class")]
              for func in methods:
                  old_func = getattr(cls, func)
                  def decorated_function(fname, fn):
                      def loggedFunction(*args, **kwargs):
                          print("Calling 0 from 3 with params 1 and kwargs 2".format(fname.upper(), args, kwargs, cls))
                          return fn(*args, **kwargs)
                      return loggedFunction
                  setattr(cls, func, decorated_function(func, old_func))

      return DecoratedClass

---

@Logger(True)
class DummyClass():
  def __init__(self,foo):
      self.foo = foo
  def bar(self):
      print(self.foo)
  def __mul__(self,other):
      print("Hello",other)
if __name__ == '__main__':
  a = DummyClass('hola')
  a.method()
  a.__mul__(a) #this is logged 
  print(a*a) #this is not logged by decorator

---

【参考方案1】：

感谢 Łukasz，这是一个工作脚本。

我遇到的一个困难是处理多个实例，避免多次装饰同一个类方法。为了解决这个问题，我会跟踪修饰类方法 (cls.__logged)。

另一个困难是处理诸如__setattr__、__getattribute__、__repr__ 之类的魔术方法...我的解决方案是忽略它们，除了您必须在开始时定义的列表 (loggable_magic_methods) .

from functools import wraps


loggable_magic_methods = ['__mul__',]


def is_magic_method(method):
    return method.startswith('__')


class Logger(object):
    def __init__(self, bool):
      self.bool = bool

    def __call__(self, cls):

        class LoggedClass(cls):
            cls.__logged = []
            def __init__(instance, *args, **kwargs):
                super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)

                if not(self.bool):
                    return

                methods = [funcname for funcname in dir(instance)
                           if callable(getattr(instance, funcname))
                           and (funcname in loggable_magic_methods or not is_magic_method(funcname))]

                def logged(method):
                    @wraps(method)
                    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
                        print (method.__name__, args, kwargs, cls)
                        return method(*args, **kwargs)
                    return wrapper

                for funcname in methods:
                    if funcname in cls.__logged:
                        continue

                    if is_magic_method(funcname):
                        setattr(cls, funcname, logged(getattr(cls, funcname)))
                        cls.__logged.append(funcname)
                    else:
                        setattr(instance, funcname, logged(getattr(instance, funcname)))
        return LoggedClass

@Logger(True)
class DummyClass():
    def __init__(self, foo, coef):
        self.foo = foo
        self.coef = coef
    def bar(self):
        print(self.foo)
    def __mul__(self, other):
        print(self.foo)
        print(other.foo)
        return self.coef * other.coef

if __name__ == '__main__':
    a = DummyClass('hola', 1)
    a.bar()
    print()
    print(a.__mul__(a))
    print()
    print(a*a)
    print()
    b = DummyClass('gracias', 2)
    b.bar()
    print()
    print(b.__mul__(a))
    print()
    print(b*a)

【参考方案2】：

目前您正在修补实例上的值。您在 __init__ 签名中使用 cls 是错误的朋友 - 实际上在这种情况下它是旧的普通 self。

如果您想覆盖魔法方法，解释器会在类对象上而不是在实例上查找它们。

小例子：

class DummyClass:
    def __init__(self, foo):
        self.foo = foo
    def __mul__(self, other):
        return self.foo * other.foo


def logged(method):
    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        print (method.__name__, args, kwargs)
        return method(*args, **kwargs)
    return wrapper

DummyClass.__mul__ = logged(DummyClass.__mul__)


a = DummyClass(1)
b = DummyClass(2)
assert a * a == 1
assert a * b == 2
assert b * b == 4

每个通话都会被记录。

>>> a = DummyClass(1)
>>> b = DummyClass(2)
>>> assert a * a == 1
__mul__ (<__main__.DummyClass object at 0x00000000011BFEB8>, <__main__.DummyClass object at 0x00000000011BFEB8>) 
>>> assert a * b == 2
__mul__ (<__main__.DummyClass object at 0x00000000011BFEB8>, <__main__.DummyClass object at 0x00000000011BF080>) 
>>> assert b * b == 4
__mul__ (<__main__.DummyClass object at 0x00000000011BF080>, <__main__.DummyClass object at 0x00000000011BF080>) 

我会把重写猴子修补方法的任务留给你。