在窗口标题和消息框中显示错误的语言：win32 应用程序，opengl
Posted
技术标签:
【中文标题】在窗口标题和消息框中显示错误的语言：win32 应用程序，opengl【英文标题】：Showing Wrong Language in window title and messagebox : win32 application, opengl 【发布时间】：2014-11-04 07:51:23 【问题描述】：我试图在 Visual Studio 2013 中使用 opengl 和 win32 应用程序创建一个基本窗口。 除了窗口标题和消息框中的消息没有显示英文外，一切正常。我的代码如下：
#include "stdafx.h"
#include "ThesisProject.h"
#define MAX_LOADSTRING 100
// ================================= Variable Region : All the global variables will be declared here with categorization =========================== //
TCHAR szTitle[MAX_LOADSTRING];
TCHAR szWindowClass[MAX_LOADSTRING];
HDC hDC = NULL; // Private GDI Device Context. GDI : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_Device_Interface
HWND hWnd = NULL; // holds our window handle.
HINSTANCE hInstance; // holds the instance of the application
HGLRC hRC = NULL; // Permanent Rendering Context
bool keys[256]; // Array Used for the keyboard routine. this will help us to track multiple key press, like : "Ctrl + s"
bool active = TRUE; // window active flag. set to true by default.
bool fullscreen = TRUE; // fullscreen flag. set to true by default. indicates whether the screen should be windowed or fullscreen.
// ================================================================================================================================================== //
// ================================ Function prototype declaration region : all the function prototype declaration will go here. ====================== //
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM); // a call back function to process window action.
int InitGL(GLvoid); // this function is used for setting up opengl components.
BOOL CreateGLWindow(char* title, int width, int height, int bits, bool fullscreenflag); // creates the window.
int DrawGLScene(GLvoid); // this is where all the drawing goes.
GLvoid ReSizeGLScene(GLsizei width, GLsizei height); // this function is used to handle the properties when the window is resized when full screen mode is not used.
GLvoid KillGLWindow(GLvoid); // this function is called before closing the window.
// =================================================================================================================================================== //
// this function is the entry point of this project . what ever this program does, it starts from here.
int APIENTRY _tWinMain(_In_ HINSTANCE hInstance,
_In_opt_ HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
_In_ LPTSTR lpCmdLine,
_In_ int nCmdShow)
MSG msg; // Windows Message Structure
BOOL done = FALSE; // Bool Variable To Exit Loop
// Create Our OpenGL Window
if (!CreateGLWindow("OpenGL Testing", 640, 480, 16, fullscreen))
return 0; // Quit If Window Was Not Created
while (!done) // Loop That Runs Until done=TRUE
if (PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE)) // Is There A Message Waiting?
if (msg.message == WM_QUIT) // Have We Received A Quit Message?
done = TRUE; // If So done=TRUE
else // If Not, Deal With Window Messages
TranslateMessage(&msg); // Translate The Message
DispatchMessage(&msg); // Dispatch The Message
else // If There Are No Messages
// Draw The Scene. Watch For ESC Key And Quit Messages From DrawGLScene()
if (active) // Program Active?
if (keys[VK_ESCAPE]) // Was ESC Pressed?
done = TRUE; // ESC Signalled A Quit
else // Not Time To Quit, Update Screen
DrawGLScene(); // Draw The Scene
SwapBuffers(hDC); // Swap Buffers (Double Buffering)
if (keys[VK_F1]) // Is F1 Being Pressed?
keys[VK_F1] = FALSE; // If So Make Key FALSE
KillGLWindow(); // Kill Our Current Window
fullscreen = !fullscreen; // Toggle Fullscreen / Windowed Mode
// Recreate Our OpenGL Window
if (!CreateGLWindow("Aqib", 640, 480, 16, fullscreen))
return 0; // Quit If Window Was Not Created
// Shutdown
KillGLWindow(); // Kill The Window
return (msg.wParam); // Exit The Program
// this function is used to initialize all the opengl components.
int InitGL(GLvoid)
glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH); // enabling smooth shader
glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); // black background
glClearDepth(1.0f); // depth buffer setup
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); // enable depth testing
glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL); // the type of depth test to do
glHint(GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL_NICEST); // really nice perspective calculations
return TRUE; // initialization went ok
// this function creates and registers the window to the OS.
BOOL CreateGLWindow(char* title, int width, int height, int bits, bool fullscreenflag)
GLuint PixelFormat; // Holds The Results After Searching For A Match
WNDCLASS wc; // Windows Class Structure
DWORD dwExStyle; // Window Extended Style
DWORD dwStyle; // Window Style
RECT WindowRect; // Grabs Rectangle Upper Left / Lower Right Values
WindowRect.left = (long)0; // Set Left Value To 0
WindowRect.right = (long)width; // Set Right Value To Requested Width
WindowRect.top = (long)0; // Set Top Value To 0
WindowRect.bottom = (long)height; // Set Bottom Value To Requested Height
fullscreen = fullscreenflag; // Set The Global Fullscreen Flag
hInstance = GetModuleHandle(NULL); // Grab An Instance For Our Window
wc.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW | CS_OWNDC; // Redraw On Move, And Own DC For Window
wc.lpfnWndProc = (WNDPROC)WndProc; // WndProc Handles Messages
wc.cbClsExtra = 0; // No Extra Window Data
wc.cbWndExtra = 0; // No Extra Window Data
wc.hInstance = hInstance; // Set The Instance
wc.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_WINLOGO); // Load The Default Icon
wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW); // Load The Arrow Pointer
wc.hbrBackground = NULL; // No Background Required For GL
wc.lpszMenuName = NULL; // We Don't Want A Menu
wc.lpszClassName = (LPCWSTR)"OpenGLTesting"; // Set The Class Name
if (!RegisterClass(&wc)) // Attempt To Register The Window Class
MessageBox(NULL, (LPCWSTR)"Failed To Register The Window Class.", (LPCWSTR)"ERROR", MB_OK | MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);
return FALSE; // Exit And Return FALSE
if (fullscreen) // Attempt Fullscreen Mode?
DEVMODE dmScreenSettings; // Device Mode
memset(&dmScreenSettings, 0, sizeof(dmScreenSettings)); // Makes Sure Memory's Cleared
dmScreenSettings.dmSize = sizeof(dmScreenSettings); // Size Of The Devmode Structure
dmScreenSettings.dmPelsWidth = width; // Selected Screen Width
dmScreenSettings.dmPelsHeight = height; // Selected Screen Height
dmScreenSettings.dmBitsPerPel = bits; // Selected Bits Per Pixel
dmScreenSettings.dmFields = DM_BITSPERPEL | DM_PELSWIDTH | DM_PELSHEIGHT;
// Try To Set Selected Mode And Get Results. NOTE: CDS_FULLSCREEN Gets Rid Of Start Bar.
if (ChangeDisplaySettings(&dmScreenSettings, CDS_FULLSCREEN) != DISP_CHANGE_SUCCESSFUL)
// If The Mode Fails, Offer Two Options. Quit Or Run In A Window.
fullscreen = FALSE;
if (fullscreen) // Are We Still In Fullscreen Mode?
dwExStyle = WS_EX_APPWINDOW; // Window Extended Style
dwStyle = WS_POPUP; // Windows Style
ShowCursor(TRUE); // Hide Mouse Pointer
else
dwExStyle = WS_EX_APPWINDOW | WS_EX_WINDOWEDGE; // Window Extended Style
dwStyle = WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW; // Windows Style
AdjustWindowRectEx(&WindowRect, dwStyle, FALSE, dwExStyle); // Adjust Window To True Requested Size
if (!(hWnd = CreateWindowEx(dwExStyle, // Extended Style For The Window
(LPCWSTR)"OpenGLTesting", // Class Name
(LPCWSTR)title, // Window Title
WS_CLIPSIBLINGS | // Required Window Style
WS_CLIPCHILDREN | // Required Window Style
dwStyle, // Selected Window Style
0, 0, // Window Position
WindowRect.right - WindowRect.left, // Calculate Adjusted Window Width
WindowRect.bottom - WindowRect.top, // Calculate Adjusted Window Height
NULL, // No Parent Window
NULL, // No Menu
hInstance, // Instance
NULL)))
KillGLWindow(); // Reset The Display
MessageBox(NULL, (LPCWSTR)"Window Creation Error.", (LPCWSTR)"ERROR", MB_OK | MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);
return FALSE;
static PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR pfd = // pfd Tells Windows How We Want Things To Be
sizeof(PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR), // Size Of This Pixel Format Descriptor
1, // Version Number
PFD_DRAW_TO_WINDOW | // Format Must Support Window
PFD_SUPPORT_OPENGL | // Format Must Support OpenGL
PFD_DOUBLEBUFFER, // Must Support Double Buffering
PFD_TYPE_RGBA, // Request An RGBA Format
bits, // Select Our Color Depth
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, // Color Bits Ignored
0, // No Alpha Buffer
0, // Shift Bit Ignored
0, // No Accumulation Buffer
0, 0, 0, 0, // Accumulation Bits Ignored
16, // 16Bit Z-Buffer (Depth Buffer)
0, // No Stencil Buffer
0, // No Auxiliary Buffer
PFD_MAIN_PLANE, // Main Drawing Layer
0, // Reserved
0, 0, 0 // Layer Masks Ignored
;
if (!(hDC = GetDC(hWnd))) // Did We Get A Device Context?
KillGLWindow(); // Reset The Display
MessageBox(NULL, (LPCWSTR)"Can't Create A GL Device Context.", (LPCWSTR)"ERROR", MB_OK | MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);
return FALSE; // Return FALSE
if (!(PixelFormat = ChoosePixelFormat(hDC, &pfd))) // Did Windows Find A Matching Pixel Format?
KillGLWindow(); // Reset The Display
MessageBox(NULL, (LPCWSTR)"Can't Find A Suitable PixelFormat.", (LPCWSTR)"ERROR", MB_OK | MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);
return FALSE; // Return FALSE
if (!SetPixelFormat(hDC, PixelFormat, &pfd)) // Are We Able To Set The Pixel Format?
KillGLWindow(); // Reset The Display
MessageBox(NULL, (LPCWSTR)"Can't Set The PixelFormat.", (LPCWSTR)"ERROR", MB_OK | MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);
return FALSE; // Return FALSE
if (!(hRC = wglCreateContext(hDC))) // Are We Able To Get A Rendering Context?
KillGLWindow(); // Reset The Display
MessageBox(NULL, (LPCWSTR)"Can't Create A GL Rendering Context.", (LPCWSTR)"ERROR", MB_OK | MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);
return FALSE; // Return FALSE
if (!wglMakeCurrent(hDC, hRC)) // Try To Activate The Rendering Context
KillGLWindow(); // Reset The Display
MessageBox(NULL, (LPCWSTR)"Can't Activate The GL Rendering Context.", (LPCWSTR)"ERROR", MB_OK | MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);
return FALSE; // Return FALSE
ShowWindow(hWnd, SW_SHOW); // Show The Window
SetForegroundWindow(hWnd); // Slightly Higher Priority
SetFocus(hWnd); // Sets Keyboard Focus To The Window
ReSizeGLScene(width, height); // Set Up Our Perspective GL Screen
if (!InitGL()) // Initialize Our Newly Created GL Window
KillGLWindow(); // Reset The Display
MessageBox(NULL, (LPCWSTR)"Initialization Failed.", (LPCWSTR)"ERROR", MB_OK | MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);
return FALSE; // Return FALSE
return TRUE; // Success
// this function is used to draw objects in the scene.
int DrawGLScene(GLvoid)
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); // Clear The Screen And The Depth Buffer
glLoadIdentity(); // Reset The Current Modelview Matrix
glTranslatef(-1.5f, 0.0f, -6.0f); // Move into space 6 units and -1.5 to the left
glColor3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES); // Begin drawing triagle
glColor3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
glVertex3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); // Top
glColor3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f); // Bottom Left
glColor3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
glVertex3f(1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f); // Bottom Right
glEnd(); // Finished Drawing The Triangle
glTranslatef(3.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); // Move Right 3 Units
glColor3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
glBegin(GL_QUADS); // Draw A Quad
glColor3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); // Top Left
glColor3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
glVertex3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); // Top Right
glColor3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
glVertex3f(1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f); // Bottom Right
glColor3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f); // Bottom Left
glEnd(); // Done Drawing The Quad
return TRUE; // Everything Went OK
// this function resizes and reinitializes the property of the opengl window when window is resized.
GLvoid ReSizeGLScene(GLsizei width, GLsizei height)
if (height == 0) // prevent a divide by zero
height = 1; // Making height equal one
glViewport(0, 0, width, height); // Resize the current viewport
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); // select the projection matrix
glLoadIdentity(); // reset the projection matrix
// Calculate theaspect ratio of the window
gluPerspective(45.0f, (GLfloat)width / (GLfloat)height, 0.1f, 100.0f);
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); // select the model view matrix
glLoadIdentity(); // reset the modelview matrix
// this function is called before closing the application to properly close the window.
GLvoid KillGLWindow(GLvoid)
if (fullscreen)
ChangeDisplaySettings(NULL, 0); // If so Switch back to the Desktop.
ShowCursor(TRUE); // Show the mouse pointer.
if (hRC)
if (!wglMakeCurrent(NULL, NULL))
MessageBox(NULL, (LPCWSTR)"Release of DC and RC Failed", (LPCWSTR)"SHUTDOWN ERROR", MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION);
if (!wglDeleteContext(hRC)) // Are we able to delete the rendering context?
MessageBox(NULL, (LPCWSTR)"Release of Rendering Context Failed", (LPCWSTR)"SHUTDOWN ERROR", MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION);
hRC = NULL; // set rendering context to null.
if (hDC && !ReleaseDC(hWnd, hDC)) // Are We Able To Release The DC
MessageBox(NULL, (LPCWSTR)"Release Device Context Failed.", (LPCWSTR)"SHUTDOWN ERROR", MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION);
hDC = NULL; // Set DC To NULL
if (hWnd && !DestroyWindow(hWnd)) // Are We Able To Destroy The Window?
MessageBox(NULL, (LPCWSTR)"Could Not Release hWnd.", (LPCWSTR)"SHUTDOWN ERROR", MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION);
hWnd = NULL; // Set hWnd To NULL
if (!UnregisterClass((LPCWSTR)"OpenGL", hInstance)) // Are We Able To Unregister Class
MessageBox(NULL, (LPCWSTR)"Could Not Unregister Class.", (LPCWSTR)"SHUTDOWN ERROR", MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION);
hInstance = NULL; // Set hInstance To NULL
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, // Handle For This Window
UINT uMsg, // Message For This Window
WPARAM wParam, // Additional Message Information
LPARAM lParam) // Additional Message Information
switch (uMsg) // Check For Windows Messages
case WM_ACTIVATE: // Watch For Window Activate Message
if (!HIWORD(wParam)) // Check Minimization State
active = TRUE; // Program Is Active
else
active = FALSE; // Program Is No Longer Active
return 0; // Return To The Message Loop
case WM_SYSCOMMAND: // Intercept System Commands
switch (wParam) // Check System Calls
case SC_SCREENSAVE: // Screensaver Trying To Start?
case SC_MONITORPOWER: // Monitor Trying To Enter Powersave?
return 0; // Prevent From Happening
break; // Exit
case WM_CLOSE: // Did We Receive A Close Message?
PostQuitMessage(0); // Send A Quit Message
return 0; // Jump Back
case WM_KEYDOWN: // Is A Key Being Held Down?
keys[wParam] = TRUE; // If So, Mark It As TRUE
return 0; // Jump Back
case WM_KEYUP: // Has A Key Been Released?
keys[wParam] = FALSE; // If So, Mark It As FALSE
return 0; // Jump Back
case WM_SIZE: // Resize The OpenGL Window
ReSizeGLScene(LOWORD(lParam), HIWORD(lParam)); // LoWord=Width, HiWord=Height
return 0; // Jump Back
// Pass All Unhandled Messages To DefWindowProc
return DefWindowProc(hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
【问题讨论】：
【参考方案1】：您最有可能遇到的问题是，您使用的 Windows API 需要 宽字符 字符串，但源代码中的字符串文字是标准（窄）字符。因此，对于字符串中的每 2 个连续字符，Windows 将其解释为单个宽字符；如果 wchar 的每两个字节都非零，这很可能会以某些亚洲脚本结束。
解决方案：使用_TEXT(…) 宏来包围您的字符串文字，将它们变成宽字符串。
【讨论】：
以上是关于在窗口标题和消息框中显示错误的语言：win32 应用程序，opengl的主要内容，如果未能解决你的问题，请参考以下文章
SSH 密钥身份验证成功后，SSH 和 SCP 命令无法执行并显示错误消息：Win32 错误 1114