Gstreamer 录制带音频的视频
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【中文标题】Gstreamer 录制带音频的视频【英文标题】:Gstreamer recording video with audio 【发布时间】:2019-03-06 18:26:35 【问题描述】:我正在尝试通过 glib 库在我的 Ubuntu 16 机器上使用 Gstreamer 将来自我的网络摄像头的视频以及音频录制到一个文件中。 我可以通过这些代码行观看来自网络摄像头的视频流
#include <gst/gst.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
GstElement *pipeline, *source, *sink, *convert;
GstBus *bus;
GstMessage *msg;
GstStateChangeReturn ret;
/* Initialize GStreamer */
gst_init (&argc, &argv);
/* Create the elements */
source = gst_element_factory_make ("v4l2src", "source");
sink = gst_element_factory_make ("autovideosink", "sink");
convert =gst_element_factory_make("videoconvert","convert");
//convert = gst_element_factory_make ("audioconvert", "convert");
//sink = gst_element_factory_make ("autoaudiosink", "sink");
/* Create the empty pipeline */
pipeline = gst_pipeline_new ("test-pipeline");
if (!pipeline || !source || !sink || !convert)
g_printerr ("Not all elements could be created.\n");
return -1;
/*set der source*/
g_object_set (source, "device", "/dev/video0", NULL);
/* Build the pipeline */
gst_bin_add_many (GST_BIN (pipeline), source, sink, convert, NULL);
if (gst_element_link (convert, sink) != TRUE)
g_printerr ("Elements could not be linked confert sink.\n");
gst_object_unref (pipeline);
return -1;
if (gst_element_link (source, convert) != TRUE)
g_printerr ("Elements could not be linked source -convert.\n");
gst_object_unref (pipeline);
return -1;
/* Start playing */
ret = gst_element_set_state (pipeline, GST_STATE_PLAYING);
if (ret == GST_STATE_CHANGE_FAILURE)
g_printerr ("Unable to set the pipeline to the playing state.\n");
gst_object_unref (pipeline);
return -1;
/* Wait until error or EOS */
bus = gst_element_get_bus (pipeline);
msg = gst_bus_timed_pop_filtered (bus, GST_CLOCK_TIME_NONE,(GstMessageType) (GST_MESSAGE_ERROR | GST_MESSAGE_EOS));
/* Parse message */
if (msg != NULL)
GError *err;
gchar *debug_info;
switch (GST_MESSAGE_TYPE (msg))
case GST_MESSAGE_ERROR:
gst_message_parse_error (msg, &err, &debug_info);
g_printerr ("Error received from element %s: %s\n", GST_OBJECT_NAME (msg->src), err->message);
g_printerr ("Debugging information: %s\n", debug_info ? debug_info : "none");
g_clear_error (&err);
g_free (debug_info);
break;
case GST_MESSAGE_EOS:
g_print ("End-Of-Stream reached.\n");
break;
default:
/* We should not reach here because we only asked for ERRORs and EOS */
g_printerr ("Unexpected message received.\n");
break;
gst_message_unref (msg);
/* Free resources */
gst_object_unref (bus);
gst_element_set_state (pipeline, GST_STATE_NULL);
gst_object_unref (pipeline);
return 0;
并使用这些代码行从麦克风捕获音频并通过扬声器收听
#include <gst/gst.h>
#include <glib.h>
static gboolean
bus_call (GstBus *bus,
GstMessage *msg,
gpointer data)
GMainLoop *loop = (GMainLoop *) data;
switch (GST_MESSAGE_TYPE (msg))
case GST_MESSAGE_EOS:
g_print ("End of stream\n");
g_main_loop_quit (loop);
break;
case GST_MESSAGE_ERROR:
gchar *debug;
GError *error;
gst_message_parse_error (msg, &error, &debug);
g_free (debug);
g_printerr ("Error: %s\n", error->message);
g_error_free (error);
g_main_loop_quit (loop);
break;
default:
break;
return TRUE;
/* Main function for audio pipeline initialization and looping streaming process */
gint
main (gint argc, gchar **argv)
GMainLoop *loop;
GstElement *pipeline, *audio_source, *sink;
GstBus *bus;
guint bus_watch_id;
GstCaps *caps;
gboolean ret;
/* Initialization of gstreamer */
gst_init (&argc, &argv);
loop = g_main_loop_new (NULL, FALSE);
/* Elements creation */
pipeline = gst_pipeline_new ("audio_stream");
audio_source = gst_element_factory_make ("alsasrc", "audio_source");
sink = gst_element_factory_make ("alsasink", "audio_sink");
// video_source = gst_element_factory_make ("v4l2src", "source");
// video_sink = gst_element_factory_make ("autovideosink", "sink");
// video_convert= gst_element_factory_make("videoconvert","convert");
if (!pipeline)
g_printerr ("Audio: Pipeline couldn't be created\n");
return -1;
if (!audio_source)
g_printerr ("Audio: alsasrc couldn't be created\n");
return -1;
if (!sink)
g_printerr ("Audio: Output file couldn't be created\n");
return -1;
g_object_set (G_OBJECT (audio_source), "device", "hw:1,0", NULL);
g_object_set (G_OBJECT (sink), "device", "hw:1,0", NULL);
bus = gst_pipeline_get_bus (GST_PIPELINE (pipeline));
bus_watch_id = gst_bus_add_watch (bus, bus_call, loop);
gst_object_unref (bus);
gst_bin_add_many (GST_BIN(pipeline), audio_source, sink, NULL);
caps = gst_caps_new_simple ("audio/x-raw", "format", G_TYPE_STRING, "S16LE", "layout", G_TYPE_STRING, "interleaved", "rate", G_TYPE_INT, (int)44100, "channels", G_TYPE_INT, (int)2, NULL);
ret = gst_element_link_filtered (audio_source, sink, caps);
if (!ret)
g_print ("audio_source and sink couldn't be linked\n");
gst_caps_unref (caps);
return FALSE;
gst_element_set_state (pipeline, GST_STATE_PLAYING);
g_print ("streaming...\n");
g_main_loop_run (loop);
g_print ("Returned, stopping stream\n");
gst_element_set_state (pipeline, GST_STATE_NULL);
g_print ("Deleting pipeline\n");
gst_object_unref (GST_OBJECT (pipeline));
g_source_remove (bus_watch_id);
g_main_loop_unref (loop);
return 0;
我真正不明白的是如何同时从网络摄像头获取视频和从我的 alsa hw 获取音频并将它们保存到文件中(例如 .mp4 for ex)。谁能帮我?我试图找到一些有用的东西,但黑板上什么都没有。此外,如果将视频流或音频流保存在单独的文件中,我将非常感激。
更新 我再次查看了教程和@nayana 提供的 git 链接,所以我尝试自己编写一些代码。我有两个结果:
#include <string.h>
#include <gst/gst.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
static GMainLoop *loop;
static GstElement *pipeline;
static GstElement *muxer, *sink;
static GstElement *src_video, *encoder_video, *queue_video;
static GstElement *src_audio, *encoder_audio, *queue_audio;
static GstBus *bus;
static gboolean
message_cb (GstBus * bus, GstMessage * message, gpointer user_data)
switch (GST_MESSAGE_TYPE (message))
case GST_MESSAGE_ERROR:
GError *err = NULL;
gchar *name, *debug = NULL;
name = gst_object_get_path_string (message->src);
gst_message_parse_error (message, &err, &debug);
g_printerr ("ERROR: from element %s: %s\n", name, err->message);
if (debug != NULL)
g_printerr ("Additional debug info:\n%s\n", debug);
g_error_free (err);
g_free (debug);
g_free (name);
g_main_loop_quit (loop);
break;
case GST_MESSAGE_WARNING:
GError *err = NULL;
gchar *name, *debug = NULL;
name = gst_object_get_path_string (message->src);
gst_message_parse_warning (message, &err, &debug);
g_printerr ("ERROR: from element %s: %s\n", name, err->message);
if (debug != NULL)
g_printerr ("Additional debug info:\n%s\n", debug);
g_error_free (err);
g_free (debug);
g_free (name);
break;
case GST_MESSAGE_EOS:
g_print ("Got EOS\n");
g_main_loop_quit (loop);
gst_element_set_state (pipeline, GST_STATE_NULL);
g_main_loop_unref (loop);
gst_object_unref (pipeline);
exit(0);
break;
default:
break;
return TRUE;
void sigintHandler(int unused)
g_print("You ctrl-c-ed! Sending EoS");
gst_element_send_event(pipeline, gst_event_new_eos());
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
signal(SIGINT, sigintHandler);
gst_init (&argc, &argv);
pipeline = gst_pipeline_new(NULL);
src_video = gst_element_factory_make("v4l2src", NULL);
encoder_video = gst_element_factory_make("x264enc", NULL);
queue_video = gst_element_factory_make("queue", NULL);
src_audio = gst_element_factory_make ("alsasrc", NULL);
encoder_audio = gst_element_factory_make("lamemp3enc", NULL);
queue_audio = gst_element_factory_make("queue", NULL);
muxer = gst_element_factory_make("mp4mux", NULL);
sink = gst_element_factory_make("filesink", NULL);
if (!pipeline || !src_video || !encoder_video || !src_audio || !encoder_audio
|| !queue_video || !queue_audio || !muxer || !sink)
g_error("Failed to create elements");
return -1;
g_object_set(src_audio, "device", "hw:1,0", NULL);
g_object_set(sink, "location", "video_audio_test.mp4", NULL);
gst_bin_add_many(GST_BIN(pipeline), src_video, encoder_video, queue_video,
src_audio, encoder_audio, queue_audio, muxer, sink, NULL);
gst_element_link_many (src_video,encoder_video,queue_video, muxer,NULL);
gst_element_link_many (src_audio,encoder_audio,queue_audio, muxer,NULL);
if (!gst_element_link_many(muxer, sink, NULL))
g_error("Failed to link elements");
return -2;
loop = g_main_loop_new(NULL, FALSE);
bus = gst_pipeline_get_bus(GST_PIPELINE (pipeline));
gst_bus_add_signal_watch(bus);
g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(bus), "message", G_CALLBACK(message_cb), NULL);
gst_object_unref(GST_OBJECT(bus));
gst_element_set_state(pipeline, GST_STATE_PLAYING);
g_print("Starting loop");
g_main_loop_run(loop);
return 0;
有了这个,我就可以从摄像头录制视频了,但是在录制过程中,音频在某处随机录制了一秒钟,这给了我这个错误
ERROR: from element /GstPipeline:pipeline0/GstAlsaSrc:alsasrc0: Can't record audio fast enough
Additional debug info:
gstaudiobasesrc.c(869): gst_audio_base_src_create (): /GstPipeline:pipeline0/GstAlsaSrc:alsasrc0:
Dropped 206388 samples. This is most likely because downstream can't keep up and is consuming samples too slowly.<br>
所以我尝试添加一些设置和队列
#include <string.h>
#include <gst/gst.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
static GMainLoop *loop;
static GstElement *pipeline;
static GstElement *muxer, *sink;
static GstElement *src_video, *encoder_video, *queue_video, *rate_video, *scale_video, *capsfilter_video;
static GstElement *src_audio, *encoder_audio, *queue_audio, *queue_audio2, *capsfilter_audio, *rate_audio;
static GstBus *bus;
static GstCaps *caps;
static gboolean
message_cb (GstBus * bus, GstMessage * message, gpointer user_data)
switch (GST_MESSAGE_TYPE (message))
case GST_MESSAGE_ERROR:
GError *err = NULL;
gchar *name, *debug = NULL;
name = gst_object_get_path_string (message->src);
gst_message_parse_error (message, &err, &debug);
g_printerr ("ERROR: from element %s: %s\n", name, err->message);
if (debug != NULL)
g_printerr ("Additional debug info:\n%s\n", debug);
g_error_free (err);
g_free (debug);
g_free (name);
g_main_loop_quit (loop);
break;
case GST_MESSAGE_WARNING:
GError *err = NULL;
gchar *name, *debug = NULL;
name = gst_object_get_path_string (message->src);
gst_message_parse_warning (message, &err, &debug);
g_printerr ("ERROR: from element %s: %s\n", name, err->message);
if (debug != NULL)
g_printerr ("Additional debug info:\n%s\n", debug);
g_error_free (err);
g_free (debug);
g_free (name);
break;
case GST_MESSAGE_EOS:
g_print ("Got EOS\n");
g_main_loop_quit (loop);
gst_element_set_state (pipeline, GST_STATE_NULL);
g_main_loop_unref (loop);
gst_object_unref (pipeline);
exit(0);
break;
default:
break;
return TRUE;
void sigintHandler(int unused)
g_print("You ctrl-c-ed! Sending EoS");
gst_element_send_event(pipeline, gst_event_new_eos());
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
signal(SIGINT, sigintHandler);
gst_init (&argc, &argv);
pipeline = gst_pipeline_new(NULL);
src_video = gst_element_factory_make("v4l2src", NULL);
rate_video = gst_element_factory_make ("videorate", NULL);
scale_video = gst_element_factory_make ("videoscale", NULL);
capsfilter_video = gst_element_factory_make ("capsfilter", NULL);
queue_video = gst_element_factory_make("queue", NULL);
encoder_video = gst_element_factory_make("x264enc", NULL);
src_audio = gst_element_factory_make ("alsasrc", NULL);
capsfilter_audio = gst_element_factory_make ("capsfilter", NULL);
queue_audio = gst_element_factory_make("queue", NULL);
rate_audio = gst_element_factory_make ("audiorate", NULL);
queue_audio2 = gst_element_factory_make("queue", NULL);
encoder_audio = gst_element_factory_make("lamemp3enc", NULL);
muxer = gst_element_factory_make("mp4mux", NULL);
sink = gst_element_factory_make("filesink", NULL);
if (!pipeline || !src_video || !rate_video || !scale_video || !capsfilter_video
|| !queue_video || !encoder_video || !src_audio || !capsfilter_audio
|| !queue_audio || !rate_audio || !queue_audio2 || !encoder_audio
|| !muxer || !sink)
g_error("Failed to create elements");
return -1;
// Set up the pipeline
g_object_set(src_video, "device", "/dev/video0", NULL);
g_object_set(src_audio, "device", "hw:1,0", NULL);
g_object_set(sink, "location", "video_audio_test.mp4", NULL);
// video settings
caps = gst_caps_from_string("video/x-raw,format=(string)I420,width=480,height=384,framerate=(fraction)25/1");
g_object_set (G_OBJECT (capsfilter_video), "caps", caps, NULL);
gst_caps_unref (caps);
// audio settings
caps = gst_caps_from_string("audio/x-raw,rate=44100,channels=1");
g_object_set (G_OBJECT (capsfilter_audio), "caps", caps, NULL);
gst_caps_unref (caps);
// add all elements into the pipeline
gst_bin_add_many(GST_BIN(pipeline), src_video, rate_video, scale_video, capsfilter_video,
queue_video, encoder_video, src_audio, capsfilter_audio, queue_audio, rate_audio,
queue_audio2, encoder_audio, muxer, sink, NULL);
if (!gst_element_link_many (src_video,rate_video,scale_video, capsfilter_video,
queue_video, encoder_video, muxer,NULL))
g_error("Failed to link video elements");
return -2;
if (!gst_element_link_many (src_audio, capsfilter_audio, queue_audio, rate_audio,
queue_audio2, encoder_audio, muxer,NULL))
g_error("Failed to link audio elements");
return -2;
if (!gst_element_link_many(muxer, sink, NULL))
g_error("Failed to link elements");
return -2;
loop = g_main_loop_new(NULL, FALSE);
bus = gst_pipeline_get_bus(GST_PIPELINE (pipeline));
gst_bus_add_signal_watch(bus);
g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(bus), "message", G_CALLBACK(message_cb), NULL);
gst_object_unref(GST_OBJECT(bus));
gst_element_set_state(pipeline, GST_STATE_PLAYING);
g_print("Starting loop");
g_main_loop_run(loop);
return 0;
这次代码没有记录任何东西,并给我以下错误
ERROR: from element /GstPipeline:pipeline0/GstAlsaSrc:alsasrc0: Internal data flow error.
Additional debug info:
gstbasesrc.c(2948): gst_base_src_loop (): /GstPipeline:pipeline0/GstAlsaSrc:alsasrc0:
streaming task paused, reason not-negotiated (-4)
你能告诉我修复错误吗? 提前致谢
【问题讨论】:
好的,尝试在第一个解决方案中为 alsasrc 添加do-timestamp=true
。您还可以调试使用 env varbiable GST_DEBUG=5 ./your_binary
运行二进制文件时发生的情况。另一件事是尝试 qtmux,它在 mp4mux (iirc) 上有一些快速的时间扩展
据我了解,有必要对视频流执行某种转换以减少繁琐并将其与音频流同步。我仍然面临这个问题,因为我无法为源设置带有大写过滤器的正确管道(我想降低分辨率和帧速率)
我发现了一个非常有趣的帖子,它建议使用 zerolatency,这可以解决 x264enc 跟不上 lamemp3enc 的问题。 gstreamer-devel.966125.n4.nabble.com/… 您应该在编码器之前添加队列(在第一个解决方案中)。第二个太复杂了,我不太理解。再一次,先用 gst-launch 试试。
【参考方案1】:
您需要的是多路复用器 - 可以将两个流合并为一个的 GStreamer 元素。
mp4、mkv、avi..只是一种容器格式,包含多个“数据流”,可以是音频、视频、字幕(并非所有格式都支持)。
我不了解您的用例,但您的工作不需要 C 代码。你可以使用 gst-launch-1.0
工具,它有自己的 GStreamer 类型的脚本语言。
为简单起见,我将使用调试元素 videotestsrc
和 audiotestsrc
来模拟输入(而不是实际的相机等)。
gst-launch-1.0 -e videotestsrc ! x264enc ! mp4mux name=mux ! filesink location="bla.mp4" audiotestsrc ! lamemp3enc ! mux.
videotestsrc --> x264enc -----\
>---> mp4mux ---> filesink
audiotestsrc --> lamemp3enc --/
解释:
Videotestsrc 生成原始视频,在 GStreamer 术语中称为“video/x-raw”。
但是 mp4 不能保存原始视频,因此我们需要使用例如 x264enc 对其进行编码,这使得我们的数据为“video/x-h264”。
然后我们最终可以将它与mp4mux
元素混合到我们的mp4 中。
当我们使用 gst-inspect-1.0 mp4mux
查看 GStreamer 文档时,我们发现该元素支持各种格式,其中还有 video/x-h264
。
对于 AAC 格式的 faac 或对于 mp3 的 lamemp3enc
,我们对音频执行相同的操作。
通过gst-launch-1.0
,我做了两个技巧和一个奖励技巧:
-
能够在一行中有单独的分支。这是通过用空格而不是!分隔这些分支来实现的
能够使用
name=mux
创建别名,然后在名称末尾添加点,如 mux.
。您可以为该元素起任何您喜欢的名称。
按 ctrl+c 后写入 EOS 以停止录制。这是通过参数-e
实现的
最后输出到 filesink,它只会将你给它的任何内容写入文件。
现在做作业:
根据需要使用元素 - v4l2、alsasrc
添加队列元素以添加缓冲和thread separation
【讨论】:
非常感谢您的回答,您给了我更多细节,但我需要在 c 代码程序中完成,这就是我写这个的原因。通过c代码做的任何细节?谢谢! 我的建议是使用 gst-launch,这可以在几分钟的反复试验中完成。然后,当你让它工作时,尝试通过增强 gist.github.com/crearo/8c71729ed58c4c134cac44db74ea1754 将它重写为 C 我在编写代码之前就这样做了(所以设置正确的 gst-launch-1.0 命令行并对其进行测试),但我仍然无法为 C 中的文件接收器设置任何内容。我试过了在网上找到一些东西,但没有什么完全符合我的要求(也在 gstreamer API 官方教程上)。我会查看您的链接并让您知道,提前谢谢! 您可以为文件接收器提出另一个问题并在此处提供链接.. 或者您可以使用您的 C 代码更新此问题,因为您问题的原始主题没有改变以上是关于Gstreamer 录制带音频的视频的主要内容,如果未能解决你的问题,请参考以下文章
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