为树莓派 pi3 交叉编译 Qt 时出错
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【中文标题】为树莓派 pi3 交叉编译 Qt 时出错【英文标题】：Error while cross compiling Qt for a raspberry pi3 【发布时间】：2017-10-09 20:52:12 【问题描述】：我想交叉编译 Qt 为树莓派开发一个 gui。我一直在关注这个教程：https://wiki.qt.io/RaspberryPi2EGLFS
我正在使用这个配置命令：
./configure -release -opengl es2 -device linux-rasp-pi3-g++ -device-option \
CROSS_COMPILE=~/raspi/tools/arm-bcm2708/gcc-linaro-arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian-x64/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf- \
-sysroot ~/raspi/sysroot -opensource -confirm-license \
-make libs -no-use-gold-linker -prefix /usr/local/qt5pi \
-extprefix ~/raspi/qt5pi -hostprefix ~/raspi/qt5 -v
这是我要返回的错误：
/home/vbox/raspi/tools/arm-bcm2708/gcc-linaro-arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian-x64/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++ -mfloat-abi=hard --sysroot=/home/vbox/raspi/sysroot -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-rpath-link,/home/vbox/raspi/sysroot/opt/vc/lib -Wl,-rpath-link,/home/vbox/raspi/sysroot/usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf -Wl,-rpath-link,/home/vbox/raspi/sysroot/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf -o verifyspec verifyspec.o
/home/vbox/raspi/tools/arm-bcm2708/gcc-linaro-arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian-x64/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/4.8.3/../../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/ld: cannot find crt1.o: No such file or directory
/home/vbox/raspi/tools/arm-bcm2708/gcc-linaro-arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian-x64/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/4.8.3/../../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/ld: cannot find crti.o: No such file or directory
/home/vbox/raspi/tools/arm-bcm2708/gcc-linaro-arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian-x64/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/4.8.3/../../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/ld: cannot find -lm
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
Makefile:66: recipe for target 'verifyspec' failed
make: *** [verifyspec] Error 1
Note: Also available for Linux: linux-clang linux-icc
ERROR: Cannot compile a minimal program. The toolchain or QMakeSpec is broken.`
这是 config.log：
vbox@vbox:~/qtbase$ cat config.log
Command line: -release -opengl es2 -device linux-rasp-pi3-g++ -device-option CROSS_COMPILE=/home/vbox/raspi/tools/arm-bcm2708/gcc-linaro-arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian-x64/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf- -sysroot /home/vbox/raspi/sysroot -opensource -confirm-license -make libs -no-use-gold-linker -prefix /usr/local/qt5pi -extprefix /home/vbox/raspi/qt5pi -hostprefix /home/vbox/raspi/qt5 -v
executing config test machineTuple
+ /home/vbox/raspi/tools/arm-bcm2708/gcc-linaro-arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian-x64/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++ -dumpmachine
arm-linux-gnueabihf
test config.qtbase.tests.machineTuple succeeded
executing config test verifyspec
+ cd /home/vbox/qtbase/config.tests/verifyspec && /home/vbox/qtbase/bin/qmake "CONFIG -= qt debug_and_release app_bundle lib_bundle" "CONFIG += shared warn_off console single_arch" "QMAKE_CFLAGS += --sysroot=/home/vbox/raspi/sysroot" "QMAKE_CXXFLAGS += --sysroot=/home/vbox/raspi/sysroot" "QMAKE_LFLAGS += --sysroot=/home/vbox/raspi/sysroot" -early "CONFIG += cross_compile" /home/vbox/qtbase/config.tests/verifyspec
Info: creating stash file /home/vbox/qtbase/config.tests/.qmake.stash
+ cd /home/vbox/qtbase/config.tests/verifyspec && MAKEFLAGS= /usr/bin/make
/home/vbox/raspi/tools/arm-bcm2708/gcc-linaro-arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian-x64/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++ -c -march=armv8-a -mtune=cortex-a53 -mfpu=crypto-neon-fp-armv8 -mfloat-abi=hard --sysroot=/home/vbox/raspi/sysroot -O2 -std=gnu++11 -w -fPIC -I. -I/home/vbox/qtbase/mkspecs/devices/linux-rasp-pi3-g++ -o verifyspec.o verifyspec.cpp
/home/vbox/raspi/tools/arm-bcm2708/gcc-linaro-arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian-x64/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++ -mfloat-abi=hard --sysroot=/home/vbox/raspi/sysroot -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-rpath-link,/home/vbox/raspi/sysroot/opt/vc/lib -Wl,-rpath-link,/home/vbox/raspi/sysroot/usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf -Wl,-rpath-link,/home/vbox/raspi/sysroot/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf -o verifyspec verifyspec.o /home/vbox/raspi/tools/arm-bcm2708/gcc-linaro-arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian-x64/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/4.8.3/../../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/ld: cannot find crt1.o: No such file or directory
/home/vbox/raspi/tools/arm-bcm2708/gcc-linaro-arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian-x64/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/4.8.3/../../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/ld: cannot find crti.o: No such file or directory
/home/vbox/raspi/tools/arm-bcm2708/gcc-linaro-arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian-x64/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/4.8.3/../../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/ld: cannot find -lm
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
Makefile:66: recipe for target 'verifyspec' failed
make: *** [verifyspec] Error 1
我不知道从哪里开始，我没有足够的知识来开始调试这个问题。是否有可用的替代工具链？还是 QMakeSpec 的问题？任何有关尝试的建议都会非常有帮助。
【问题讨论】：
这是错误的重要部分：/bin/ld: cannot find -lm 这通常是未正确安装构建工具的结果。例如，在 Ubuntu 上，您可以通过安装 build-essential 来解决此问题。不过，我不确定您需要对 Raspberry Pi sysroot 做什么。尝试再次逐步完成教程，并确保您没有错过安装步骤。如果这不起作用，请搜索并查看其他人是否遇到过 ld 在 Raspberry Pi 上找不到 -lm 的问题。
【参考方案1】：
这篇博文似乎更针对 RPi3，而且可能也是如此（2017 年 1 月 12 日）：
https://medium.com/@amirmann/how-to-cross-compile-qt-for-raspberry-pi-3-on-linux-ubuntu-for-beginners-75acf2a078c
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libgl1-mesa-dev
...
sudo apt-get build-dep qt5-default
sudo apt-get install libxcb-xinerama0-dev
sudo apt-add-repository ppa:u-szeged/sedkit
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install sedkit-env-qtwebkit
sudo apt-get install build-essential perl python git
sudo apt-get install “^libxcb.*” libx11-xcb-dev libglu1-mesa-dev libxrender-dev libxi-dev
sudo apt-get install flex bison gperf libicu-dev libxslt-dev ruby
sudo apt-get install libssl-dev libxcursor-dev libxcomposite-dev libxdamage-dev libxrandr-dev libfontconfig1-dev libcap-dev libxtst-dev libpulse-dev libudev-dev libpci-dev libnss3-dev libasound2-dev libxss-dev libegl1-mesa-dev gperf bison
sudo apt-get install libbz2-dev libgcrypt11-dev libdrm-dev libcups2-dev libatkmm-1.6-dev
sudo apt-get install libasound2-dev libgstreamer0.10-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-dev
在您正在查看的 wiki 上有一个注释，说明他们为使其在较新的版本上工作所做的一些事情。以下是该 wiki 页面的一些历史记录：
https://wiki.qt.io/index.php?title=RaspberryPi2EGLFS&type=revision&diff=31538&oldid=30634
然后是 Qt 的设备创建许可版本，然后您将使用以下说明：
http://doc.qt.io/QtForDeviceCreation/qtee-preparing-hardware-rasberrypi.html
在从 Scratch 深入研究有关 Linux 的文章时，我总能学到很多东西。在我最近构建的 Qt 中，它们非常有用。
http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/view/8.0/x/qt5.html
希望这些链接有所帮助。
【讨论】：
我开始使用您链接的第一个教程，但它在ERROR: The OpenGL functionality tests failed! 上失败了我能够通过在树莓派上安装 libgles2-mesa-dev 并使用 rsync 获取库来解决这个问题，即如果我刚刚在 Ubuntu 中安装，修复似乎没有帮助。【参考方案2】：
这是我为 raspberry-pi 交叉编译 Qt 的 bash 脚本。你可以
这个脚本带有命令<script name> <TcpIp of Raspberrry> $USER
#!/bin/bash
RASP_ADR=$1
USERNAME=$2
if [ ! $RASP_ADR ]
then
echo "Error: need Ip address"
exit 1
fi
LOGFILE=install.log.txt
rm -f $LOGFILE
ID_RSA=/root/.ssh/cu4_rsa
SSH="ssh -i $ID_RSA root@$RASP_ADR"
DEST=~/raspi
QT_VERSION=5.9
function log
local t=`date`
echo "[$t] $@" | tee -a $LOGFILE
function remote_src
local message
local exitcode
message=$1
shift
log $message
log "Remote $RASP_ADR command: $@"
OUT=`$SSH "$@" | tee /dev/tty | tee -a $LOGFILE`
exitcode=$?
if [ $exitcode -ne 0 ]; then
log "Exit with ERROR $exitcode"
exit $exitcode
fi
function local_src
local message
local exitcode
message=$1
shift
log $message
log "Local command: $@"
OUT=`bash -c "$@" | tee /dev/tty | tee -a $LOGFILE`
exitcode=$?
if [ $exitcode -ne 0 ]; then
log "Exit with ERROR $exitcode"
exit $exitcode
fi
function Append_Qt_Module
local QtModule
QtModule=$1
log "install $QtModule"
local_src \
"Clone $QtModule Qt-module" \
"cd $DEST && git clone git://code.qt.io/qt/$QtModule.git -b $QT_VERSION"
local_src \
"Make $QtModule Qt-module" \
"cd $DEST/$QtModule && $DEST/qt5/bin/qmake -r && make && make install"
local_src \
"Synchronize qt5pi with Raspberry pi" \
"rsync -avz -e \"ssh -i $ID_RSA\" $DEST/qt5pi pi@$RASP_ADR:/usr/local"
local_src \
"open key -> Raspberry" \
"cat /root/.ssh/cu4_rsa.pub | ssh pi@$RASP_ADR \"sudo cat - > authorized_keys; sudo mkdir -p /root/.ssh; sudo mv authorized_keys /root/.ssh; sudo chown -R root:root /root/.ssh\""
remote_src \
"Update System" \
"apt-get update"
remote_src \
"Upgrade System" \
"apt-get -y upgrade"
remote_src \
"Install Synaptic" \
"apt-get -y install synaptic"
remote_src \
"Install Qt libraries" \
"apt-get -y install libfontconfig1-dev libdbus-1-dev libudev-dev"
remote_src \
"Install Xcb" \
"apt-get -y install \"^libxcb.*\" libx11-xcb-dev libglu1-mesa-dev libxrender-dev libxi-dev"
remote_src \
"Install Qt-WebKit" \
"apt-get -y install flex bison gperf libicu-dev libxslt-dev ruby"
remote_src \
"Install Qt WebEngine" \
"apt-get -y install libssl-dev libxcursor-dev libxcomposite-dev libxrandr-dev"
remote_src \
"Install Qt Multimedia" \
"apt-get -y install libasound2-dev libgstreamer0.10-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-dev"
DEB_SRC="deb-src http://archive.raspbian.org/raspbian/ jessie main contrib non-free rpi"
remote_src \
"Проверка открытости deb_src" \
"cat /etc/apt/sources.list | grep -s -G '^$DEB_SRC' | cat"
if [ ! "$OUT" ]
then
remote_src \
"Открываем комментарии" \
"echo '$DEB_SRC' >> /etc/apt/sources.list"
else
log "DEB_SRC открыты ранее"
fi
remote_src \
"Update System" \
"apt-get update"
remote_src \
"Build dependences for qt4-x11" \
"apt-get -y build-dep qt4-x11"
remote_src \
"Build dependences for libqt5gui5" \
"apt-get -y build-dep libqt5gui5"
remote_src \
"Install more libs for Xcb" \
"apt-get -y install libinput-dev libts-dev libxcb-xinerama0-dev libxcb-xinerama0"
remote_src \
"Make dir for Qt libs" \
"mkdir /usr/local/qt5pi; chown pi:pi /usr/local/qt5pi"
remote_src \
"Reboot" \
"reboot"
while true; do
sleep 1s
log "wait..."
$SSH "echo done"
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then break; fi
done
local_src \
"Install Git" \
"apt-get -y install git && mkdir -p $DEST && cd $DEST"
local_src \
"Clone RaspberryPi tools" \
"git clone https://github.com/raspberrypi/tools $DEST/tools"
local_src \
"OR Update Raspberry Pi Tools" \
"cd $DEST/tools && git pull origin master"
fi
local_src \
"Synchronize local computer with Raspberry Pi" \
"cd $DEST && mkdir -p /sysroot /sysroot/usr /sysroot/opt && \
rsync -avz -e \"ssh -i $ID_RSA\" root@$RASP_ADR:/lib sysroot && \
rsync -avz -e \"ssh -i $ID_RSA\" root@$RASP_ADR:/usr/include sysroot/usr && \
rsync -avz -e \"ssh -i $ID_RSA\" root@$RASP_ADR:/usr/lib sysroot/usr && \
rsync -avz -e \"ssh -i $ID_RSA\" root@$RASP_ADR:/opt/vc sysroot/opt && \
rsync -avz -e \"ssh -i $ID_RSA\" root@$RASP_ADR:/usr/local/include sysroot/usr/local && \
rsync -avz -e \"ssh -i $ID_RSA\" root@$RASP_ADR:/usr/local/lib sysroot/usr/local"
local_src \
"Get sysroot-relative.py script" \
"cd $DEST && wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/riscv/riscv-poky/master/scripts/sysroot-relativelinks.py && \
chmod +x sysroot-relativelinks.py && \
./sysroot-relativelinks.py sysroot "
exit 0
local_src \
"Получаем qtbase версии $QT_VERSION и конфигурируем Qt."
"`git clone -b $QT_VERSION git://code.qt.io/qt/qtbase.git $DEST/qtbase`"
local_src \
"OR Update qtbase версии $QT_VERSION" \
"cd $DEST/qtbase && git pull origin $QT_VERSION"
local_src \
"Конфигурация и установка Qt$QT_VERSION" \
"cd $DEST/qtbase && ./configure -release -opengl es2 -device linux-rasp-pi3-g++ \
-device-option CROSS_COMPILE=$DEST/tools/arm-bcm2708/gcc-linaro-arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf- \
-sysroot $DEST/sysroot -opensource -confirm-license -make libs -make tools -qt-pcre -optimized-qmake -reduce-exports \
-release -prefix /usr/local/qt5pi -extprefix $DEST/qt5pi -hostprefix $DEST/qt5 -no-use-gold-linker -v && \
make -j 4 && make install"
local_src \
"Change owner to $USERNAME on $DEST" \
"chown -R $USERNAME:$USERNAME $DEST"
local_src \
"Get new free types from http://dejavu-fonts.org" \
"cd $DEST && wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/dejavu/files/dejavu/2.37/dejavu-fonts-ttf-2.37.tar.bz2 && \
tar -xvf dejavu-fonts-ttf-2.37.tar.bz2"
local_src \
"Send type to target dir" \
"cd $DEST && mkdir -p qt5pi/lib/fonts && \
cp dejavu-fonts-ttf-2.37/ttf/DejaVuSansMono.ttf qt5pi/lib/fonts/"
local_src \
"Send libs to RaspberryPi" \
"cd $DEST && rsync -avz -e \"ssh -i $ID_RSA\" qt5pi root@$RASP_ADR:/usr/local"
local_src \
"Build Test application" \
"cd $DEST/qtbase/examples/opengl/qopenglwidget && \
$DEST/qt5/bin/qmake && \
make && \
scp -i $ID_RSA qopenglwidget root@$RASP_ADR:/home/pi "
remote_src \
"Добавляем пути к библиотекам Qt на Raspberry Pi" \
"echo /usr/local/qt5pi/lib | tee /etc/ld.so.conf.d/qt5pi.conf && \
ldconfig"
remote_src \
"Устранение неполадок в библиотеке EGL/GLES " \
"rm /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libEGL.so.1.0.0 /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libGLESv2.so.2.0.0 && \
ln -s /opt/vc/lib/libEGL.so /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libEGL.so.1.0.0 && \
ln -s /opt/vc/lib/libGLESv2.so /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libGLESv2.so.2.0.0 && \
ln -s /opt/vc/lib/libEGL.so /opt/vc/lib/libEGL.so.1 && \
ln -s /opt/vc/lib/libGLESv2.so /opt/vc/lib/libGLESv2.so.2"
remote_src \
"Запуск теста" \
"nohup /home/pi/qopenglwidget > /dev/null 2>&1 &"
log "Please push the some key when you are ready to next operation"
read -n1
remote_src \
"Kill test" \
"pkill qopenglwidget"
#Add youre Qt modules
Append_Qt_Module qtserialport
remote_src \
"Обновляем символьные линки к библиотекам Qt на Raspberry Pi" \
"ldconfig"
log "DONE!!!!"
exit 0
【讨论】：
【参考方案3】：我像这样编辑了设备 mkspec 文件linux-rasp-pi3-g++/qmake.conf
VC_LIBRARY_PATH = $$[QT_SYSROOT]/opt/vc/lib
VC_INCLUDE_PATH = $$[QT_SYSROOT]/opt/vc/include
QMAKE_LIBDIR_OPENGL_ES2 = $$VC_LIBRARY_PATH
QMAKE_LIBDIR_EGL = $$QMAKE_LIBDIR_OPENGL_ES2
QMAKE_LIBDIR_OPENVG = $$QMAKE_LIBDIR_OPENGL_ES2
QMAKE_INCDIR_EGL = \
$$VC_INCLUDE_PATH \
$$VC_INCLUDE_PATH/interface/vcos/pthreads \
$$VC_INCLUDE_PATH/interface/vmcs_host/linux
QMAKE_INCDIR_OPENGL_ES2 = $$QMAKE_INCDIR_EGL
QMAKE_INCDIR_OPENVG = $$QMAKE_INCDIR_EGL
QMAKE_LIBS_OPENGL_ES2 = -lGLESv2
QMAKE_LIBS_EGL = -lEGL -lGLESv2
QMAKE_LIBS_OPENVG = -lEGL -lOpenVG -lGLESv2
并使用gcc-linaro-4.9-2015.02-3-x86_64_arm-linux-gnueabihf 工具链。
我写了这个可能对你有帮助的博客：Build Qt 5.10 for Raspberry Pi 3
【讨论】：
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