React + NextJS - 受保护的路线

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【中文标题】React + NextJS - 受保护的路线【英文标题】:React + NextJS - Protected routes 【发布时间】:2020-11-24 19:03:30 【问题描述】:

目标:如果他/她尝试手动转到/auth/signin,我想将登录用户重定向到主页。

登录页面/组件:

const Signin = ( currentUser ) => 
    const [email, setEmail] = useState('');
    const [password, setPassword] = useState('');
    const  doRequest, errors  = useRequest(
        url: '/api/users/signin',
        method: 'post',
        body: 
            email, password
        ,
        onSuccess: () => Router.push('/')
    );

    useEffect(() => 
        const loggedUser = () => 
            if (currentUser) 
                Router.push('/');
            
        ;
        loggedUser();
    , []);

自定义 _app 组件:

const AppComponent = ( Component, pageProps, currentUser ) => 
    return (
        <div>
            <Header currentUser=currentUser />
            <Component ...pageProps currentUser=currentUser />
        </div>

    )
;

AppComponent.getInitialProps = async (appContext) => 
    const client = buildClient(appContext.ctx);
    const  data  = await client.get('/api/users/currentuser');
    let pageProps = ;
    if (appContext.Component.getInitialProps) 
        pageProps = await appContext.Component.getInitialProps(appContext.ctx);
    
    return 
        pageProps,
        ...data
    
;

export default AppComponent;

问题

我试过这个,但这会导致轻微的延迟,因为它不会在服务器端呈现。 延迟是指:它会在重定向之前显示我不想显示的页面。

我可以使用加载标志或一堆 if else 条件,但这将是一种解决方法,处理此问题的最佳方法/实践是什么?


我想出的另一个解决方案:

我构建了一个重定向挂钩:
import Router from 'next/router';
export default (ctx, target) => 
    if (ctx.res) 
        // server 
        ctx.res.writeHead(303,  Location: target );
        ctx.res.end();
     else 
        // client
        Router.push(target);
    

然后我为受保护的路由创建了 2 个 HOC(用于登录和注销的用户):
import React from 'react';
import redirect from './redirect';
const withAuth = (Component) => 
    return class AuthComponent extends React.Component 
        static async getInitialProps(ctx,  currentUser ) 
            if (!currentUser) 
                return redirect(ctx, "/");
            
        
        render() 
            return <Component ...this.props />
        
    

export default withAuth;
然后我用它包裹了组件​​以保护页面:
export default withAuth(NewTicket);

有没有更好的方法来处理这个问题? 非常感谢您的帮助。

【问题讨论】:

看看这个:medium.com/@eslamifard.ali/… 【参考方案1】:

回答

我真的建议您查看示例以了解 NextJS 建议如何处理此问题。资源真好!

https://github.com/vercel/next.js/tree/master/examples

例如,您可以使用next-auth,这是一个开源身份验证选项。

示例在这里。 https://github.com/vercel/next.js/tree/master/examples/with-next-auth

// _app.js
import  Provider  from 'next-auth/client'
import '../styles.css'

const App = ( Component, pageProps ) => 
  const  session  = pageProps
  return (
    <Provider options= site: process.env.SITE  session=session>
      <Component ...pageProps />
    </Provider>
  )


export default App
// /pages/api/auth/[...nextauth].js
import NextAuth from 'next-auth'
import Providers from 'next-auth/providers'

const options = 
  site: process.env.VERCEL_URL,
  providers: [
    Providers.Email(
      // SMTP connection string or nodemailer configuration object https://nodemailer.com/
      server: process.env.EMAIL_SERVER,
      // Email services often only allow sending email from a valid/verified address
      from: process.env.EMAIL_FROM,
    ),
    // When configuring oAuth providers make sure you enabling requesting
    // permission to get the users email address (required to sign in)
    Providers.Google(
      clientId: process.env.GOOGLE_ID,
      clientSecret: process.env.GOOGLE_SECRET,
    ),
    Providers.Facebook(
      clientId: process.env.FACEBOOK_ID,
      clientSecret: process.env.FACEBOOK_SECRET,
    ),
    Providers.Twitter(
      clientId: process.env.TWITTER_ID,
      clientSecret: process.env.TWITTER_SECRET,
    ),
    Providers.GitHub(
      clientId: process.env.GITHUB_ID,
      clientSecret: process.env.GITHUB_SECRET,
    ),
  ],
  // The 'database' option should be a connection string or TypeORM
  // configuration object https://typeorm.io/#/connection-options
  //
  // Notes:
  // * You need to install an appropriate node_module for your database!
  // * The email sign in provider requires a database but OAuth providers do not
  database: process.env.DATABASE_URL,

  session: 
    // Use JSON Web Tokens for session instead of database sessions.
    // This option can be used with or without a database for users/accounts.
    // Note: `jwt` is automatically set to `true` if no database is specified.
    // jwt: false,
    // Seconds - How long until an idle session expires and is no longer valid.
    // maxAge: 30 * 24 * 60 * 60, // 30 days
    // Seconds - Throttle how frequently to write to database to extend a session.
    // Use it to limit write operations. Set to 0 to always update the database.
    // Note: This option is ignored if using JSON Web Tokens
    // updateAge: 24 * 60 * 60, // 24 hours
    // Easily add custom properties to response from `/api/auth/session`.
    // Note: This should not return any sensitive information.
    /*
    get: async (session) => 
      session.customSessionProperty = "ABC123"
      return session
    
    */
  ,

  // JSON Web Token options
  jwt: 
    // secret: 'my-secret-123', // Recommended (but auto-generated if not specified)
    // Custom encode/decode functions for signing + encryption can be specified.
    // if you want to override what is in the JWT or how it is signed.
    // encode: async ( secret, key, token, maxAge ) => ,
    // decode: async ( secret, key, token, maxAge ) => ,
    // Easily add custom to the JWT. It is updated every time it is accessed.
    // This is encrypted and signed by default and may contain sensitive information
    // as long as a reasonable secret is defined.
    /*
    set: async (token) => 
      token.customJwtProperty = "ABC123"
      return token
    
    */
  ,

  // Control which users / accounts can sign in
  // You can use this option in conjunction with OAuth and JWT to control which
  // accounts can sign in without having to use a database.
  allowSignin: async (user, account) => 
    // Return true if user / account is allowed to sign in.
    // Return false to display an access denied message.
    return true
  ,

  // You can define custom pages to override the built-in pages
  // The routes shown here are the default URLs that will be used.
  pages: 
    // signin: '/api/auth/signin',  // Displays signin buttons
    // signout: '/api/auth/signout', // Displays form with sign out button
    // error: '/api/auth/error', // Error code passed in query string as ?error=
    // verifyRequest: '/api/auth/verify-request', // Used for check email page
    // newUser: null // If set, new users will be directed here on first sign in
  ,

  // Additional options
  // secret: 'abcdef123456789' // Recommended (but auto-generated if not specified)
  // debug: true, // Use this option to enable debug messages in the console


const Auth = (req, res) => NextAuth(req, res, options)

export default Auth

所以上面的选项是对服务器端渲染的应用程序进行 defo,因为我们使用 /api 路径进行身份验证。如果您想要一个无服务器解决方案,您可能必须将 /api 路径中的所有内容拉入 lambda (AWS Lambda) + 网关 api (AWS Api Gateway)。您只需要一个连接到该 api 的自定义钩子。当然,您也可以通过不同的方式来做到这一点。

这是另一个使用 firebase 的身份验证示例。

https://github.com/vercel/next.js/tree/master/examples/with-firebase-authentication

另一个使用 Passport.js 的例子

https://github.com/vercel/next.js/tree/master/examples/with-passport

您还询问了加载行为,这个示例可能会对您有所帮助

https://github.com/vercel/next.js/tree/master/examples/with-loading

?

意见

自定义 _app 组件通常是***包装器(不是最***的 _document 适合该描述)。

实际上,我会在 _app 下一级创建一个登录组件。通常我会在 Layout 组件中实现该模式,或者像上面的示例一样,使用 api 路径或实用程序函数。

【讨论】:

我通常也是这样做的,我用 withAuth HOC 导出布局组件 如果您的登录是模态的,如何将其与 next-auth 一起使用?因为我使用的是 next-auth 的登录功能,所以它把我推到了 credential-signIn 页面?【参考方案2】:

将 NextJs 升级到 9.3+ 并使用 getServerSideProps 而不是 getInitialPropsgetServerSideProps 只在服务器端运行,与getInitialProps 不同。如果身份验证失败,则从 getServerSideProps 重定向。

【讨论】:

【参考方案3】:

这是一个使用自定义“钩子”和 getServerSideProps 的示例。

我正在使用 react-query,但您可以使用任何数据获取工具。

// /pages/login.jsx

import SessionForm from '../components/SessionForm'
import  useSessionCondition  from '../hooks/useSessionCondition'

export const getServerSideProps = useSessionCondition(false, '/app')

const Login = () => 
    return (
        <SessionForm isLogin/>
    )


export default Login

// /hooks/useSessionCondition.js

import  QueryClient  from "react-query";
import  dehydrate  from 'react-query/hydration'
import  refreshToken  from '../utils/user_auth';

export const useSessionCondition = (
    sessionCondition = true, // whether the user should be logged in or not
    redirect = '/' // where to redirect if the condition is not met
) => 

    return async function ( req, res ) 
        const client = new QueryClient()
        await client.prefetchQuery('session', () => refreshToken( headers: req.headers ))
        const data = client.getQueryData('session')

        if (!data === sessionCondition) 
            return 
                redirect: 
                    destination: redirect,
                    permanent: false,
                ,
            
        

        return 
            props: 
                dehydratedState: JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(dehydrate(client)))
            ,
        
    


【讨论】:

【参考方案4】:

只是为了扩展@Nico 在他的评论中所说的话。这是我的设置方式: Layout.tsx文件

// ...
import withAuth from "../utils/withAuth";

interface Props 
  children?: ReactNode;
  title?: string;


const Layout = (
  children,
  title = "This is the default title",
: Props): JSX.Element => (
  <>
    children
  </>
);

export default withAuth(Layout);

还有withAuth.js文件

import  getSession  from "next-auth/client";

export default function withAuth(Component) 
  const withAuth = (props) => 
    return <Component ...props />;
  ;

  withAuth.getServerSideProps = async (ctx) => 
    return  session: await getSession(ctx) ;
  ;

  return withAuth;

【讨论】:

如果认证来自后端怎么办?【参考方案5】:
export const getServerSideProps = wrapper.getServerSideProps(
  (store) =>
    async ( req, params ) => 
      const session = await getSession( req );

      if (!session) 
        return 
          redirect: 
            destination: '/',
            permanent: false,
          ,
        ;
      
    
);

在 Next 9++ 中,您可以这样做只是检查会话,如果没有,我们可以返回带有目的地的重定向以将用户路由到端点!

【讨论】:

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