如何在 Android 上使用 cookie 发出 http 请求？

Posted 2023-02-22

【中文标题】如何在 Android 上使用 cookie 发出 http 请求？

【英文标题】：How do I make an http request using cookies on Android?

【发布时间】：2010-10-15 06:50:21

【问题描述】：

我想在正确处理 cookie 的同时向远程服务器发出 http 请求（例如，存储服务器发送的 cookie，并在我发出后续请求时发送这些 cookie）。保留所有 cookie 会很好，但实际上我唯一关心的是会话 cookie。

对于 java.net，似乎首选的方法是使用 java.net.CookieHandler（抽象基类）和 java.net.CookieManager（具体实现）。 android有java.net.CookieHandler，但是好像没有java.net.CookieManager。

我可以通过检查 http 标头来手动编码，但似乎必须有更简单的方法。

在保留 cookie 的同时在 Android 上发出 http 请求的正确方法是什么？

【问题讨论】：

你试过org.apache.http.cookie吗？

就像两年多后的注释：java.net.CookieManager 现在在 Android 2.3 版（API 级别 9）中支持：developer.android.com/reference/java/net/CookieManager.html

【参考方案1】：

我不使用 google android，但我想你会发现让它工作并不难。如果您阅读the relevant bit of the java tutorial，您会看到已注册的cookiehandler 从HTTP 代码中获取回调。

因此，如果没有默认值（您是否检查过CookieHandler.getDefault() 是否真的为空？）那么您可以简单地扩展 CookieHandler，实现 put/get 并使其几乎自动工作。如果你走那条路，一定要考虑并发访问等。

编辑：显然，您必须通过CookieHandler.setDefault() 将自定义实现的实例设置为默认处理程序才能接收回调。忘记说了。

【参考方案2】：

事实证明，Google Android 附带 Apache HttpClient 4.0，我能够使用HttpClient docs 中的“基于表单的登录”示例弄清楚如何做到这一点：

https://github.com/apache/httpcomponents-client/blob/master/httpclient5/src/test/java/org/apache/hc/client5/http/examples/ClientFormLogin.java

---

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.cookie.Cookie;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.protocol.HTTP;

/**
 * A example that demonstrates how HttpClient APIs can be used to perform
 * form-based logon.
 */
public class ClientFormLogin 

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception 

        DefaultHttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient();

        HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("https://portal.sun.com/portal/dt");

        HttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);
        HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();

        System.out.println("Login form get: " + response.getStatusLine());
        if (entity != null) 
            entity.consumeContent();
        
        System.out.println("Initial set of cookies:");
        List<Cookie> cookies = httpclient.getCookieStore().getCookies();
        if (cookies.isEmpty()) 
            System.out.println("None");
         else 
            for (int i = 0; i < cookies.size(); i++) 
                System.out.println("- " + cookies.get(i).toString());
            
        

        HttpPost httpost = new HttpPost("https://portal.sun.com/amserver/UI/Login?" +
                "org=self_registered_users&" +
                "goto=/portal/dt&" +
                "gotoOnFail=/portal/dt?error=true");

        List <NameValuePair> nvps = new ArrayList <NameValuePair>();
        nvps.add(new BasicNameValuePair("IDToken1", "username"));
        nvps.add(new BasicNameValuePair("IDToken2", "password"));

        httpost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nvps, HTTP.UTF_8));

        response = httpclient.execute(httpost);
        entity = response.getEntity();

        System.out.println("Login form get: " + response.getStatusLine());
        if (entity != null) 
            entity.consumeContent();
        

        System.out.println("Post logon cookies:");
        cookies = httpclient.getCookieStore().getCookies();
        if (cookies.isEmpty()) 
            System.out.println("None");
         else 
            for (int i = 0; i < cookies.size(); i++) 
                System.out.println("- " + cookies.get(i).toString());
            
        

        // When HttpClient instance is no longer needed, 
        // shut down the connection manager to ensure
        // immediate deallocation of all system resources
        httpclient.getConnectionManager().shutdown();        
    

【讨论】：

请问如何设置 cookie 到 Request Url 以检查会话是否有效？

感谢您向我介绍 BasicNameValuePairs。他们帮助了我。

我得到The method getCookieStore() is undefined for the type HttpClient，我必须更改为List<Cookie> cookies = ((AbstractHttpClient) httpclient).getCookieStore().getCookies(); 吗？因为如果我这样做，它会起作用。

@Praveen 看看这里保存 Cookie：***.com/a/5989115/2615737

@emmby：不幸的是 android 已弃用 apache 模块。所以现在他的回答没有帮助。还有其他方法可以用 HttpURLConnection 做到这一点吗？

【参考方案3】：

cookie 只是另一个 HTTP 标头。在使用 apache 库或 HTTPUrlConnection 进行 HTTP 调用时，您始终可以设置它。无论哪种方式，您都应该能够以这种方式读取和设置 HTTP cookie。

您可以阅读this article了解更多信息。

我可以分享我的代码，以证明您可以轻松实现它。

public static String getServerResponseByHttpGet(String url, String token) 

        try 
            HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
            HttpGet get = new HttpGet(url);
            get.setHeader("Cookie", "phpSESSID=" + token + ";");
            Log.d(TAG, "Try to open => " + url);

            HttpResponse httpResponse = client.execute(get);
            int connectionStatusCode = httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
            Log.d(TAG, "Connection code: " + connectionStatusCode + " for request: " + url);

            HttpEntity entity = httpResponse.getEntity();
            String serverResponse = EntityUtils.toString(entity);
            Log.d(TAG, "Server response for request " + url + " => " + serverResponse);

            if(!isStatusOk(connectionStatusCode))
                return null;

            return serverResponse;

         catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) 
            e.printStackTrace();
         catch (ClientProtocolException e) 
            e.printStackTrace();
         catch (IOException e) 
            e.printStackTrace();
         catch (IllegalArgumentException e) 
            e.printStackTrace();
         catch (Exception e) 
            e.printStackTrace();
        

        return null;
    

【讨论】：

这对我很有帮助，+1 get.setHeader("Cookie", "PHPSESSID=" + token + ";");做这项工作

@Hesam ：不幸的是 android 已弃用 apache 模块。所以现在他的回答没有帮助。有没有另一种方法可以用 HttpURLConnection 做到这一点？

【参考方案4】：

由于 Apache 库已弃用，对于那些想要使用 HttpURLConncetion 的人，我编写了这个类来发送 Get 和 Post Request 在 this answer 的帮助下：

public class WebService 

static final String COOKIES_HEADER = "Set-Cookie";
static final String COOKIE = "Cookie";

static CookieManager msCookieManager = new CookieManager();

private static int responseCode;

public static String sendPost(String requestURL, String urlParameters) 

    URL url;
    String response = "";
    try 
        url = new URL(requestURL);

        HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
        conn.setReadTimeout(15000);
        conn.setConnectTimeout(15000);
        conn.setRequestMethod("POST");

        conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=utf-8");

        if (msCookieManager.getCookieStore().getCookies().size() > 0) 
            //While joining the Cookies, use ',' or ';' as needed. Most of the server are using ';'
            conn.setRequestProperty(COOKIE ,
                    TextUtils.join(";", msCookieManager.getCookieStore().getCookies()));
        

        conn.setDoInput(true);
        conn.setDoOutput(true);

        OutputStream os = conn.getOutputStream();
        BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter(
                new OutputStreamWriter(os, "UTF-8"));

        if (urlParameters != null) 
            writer.write(urlParameters);
        
        writer.flush();
        writer.close();
        os.close();

        Map<String, List<String>> headerFields = conn.getHeaderFields();
        List<String> cookiesHeader = headerFields.get(COOKIES_HEADER);

        if (cookiesHeader != null) 
            for (String cookie : cookiesHeader) 
                msCookieManager.getCookieStore().add(null, HttpCookie.parse(cookie).get(0));
            
        

        setResponseCode(conn.getResponseCode());

        if (getResponseCode() == HttpsURLConnection.HTTP_OK) 

            String line;
            BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream()));
            while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) 
                response += line;
            
         else 
            response = "";
        
     catch (Exception e) 
        e.printStackTrace();
    

    return response;



// HTTP GET request
public static String sendGet(String url) throws Exception 

    URL obj = new URL(url);
    HttpURLConnection con = (HttpURLConnection) obj.openConnection();

    // optional default is GET
    con.setRequestMethod("GET");

    //add request header 
    con.setRequestProperty("User-Agent", "Mozilla");
    /*
    * https://***.com/questions/16150089/how-to-handle-cookies-in-httpurlconnection-using-cookiemanager
    * Get Cookies form cookieManager and load them to connection:
     */
    if (msCookieManager.getCookieStore().getCookies().size() > 0) 
        //While joining the Cookies, use ',' or ';' as needed. Most of the server are using ';'
        con.setRequestProperty(COOKIE ,
                TextUtils.join(";", msCookieManager.getCookieStore().getCookies()));
    

    /*
    * https://***.com/questions/16150089/how-to-handle-cookies-in-httpurlconnection-using-cookiemanager
    * Get Cookies form response header and load them to cookieManager:
     */
    Map<String, List<String>> headerFields = con.getHeaderFields();
    List<String> cookiesHeader = headerFields.get(COOKIES_HEADER);
    if (cookiesHeader != null) 
        for (String cookie : cookiesHeader) 
            msCookieManager.getCookieStore().add(null, HttpCookie.parse(cookie).get(0));
        
    


    int responseCode = con.getResponseCode();

    BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(
            new InputStreamReader(con.getInputStream()));
    String inputLine;
    StringBuffer response = new StringBuffer();

    while ((inputLine = in.readLine()) != null) 
        response.append(inputLine);
    
    in.close();

    return response.toString();


public static void setResponseCode(int responseCode) 
    WebService.responseCode = responseCode;
    Log.i("Milad", "responseCode" + responseCode);



public static int getResponseCode() 
    return responseCode;

【讨论】：

好班米拉德！这对我帮助很大 ！现在，我想知道，如果我想保存 cookie 以便在用户杀死应用程序并再次启动它时可用，我应该存储什么以及在哪里（如何）