当SwiftUI中的相关实体发生变化时,如何更新@FetchRequest?
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【中文标题】当SwiftUI中的相关实体发生变化时,如何更新@FetchRequest?【英文标题】:How to update @FetchRequest, when a related Entity changes in SwiftUI? 【发布时间】:2020-02-26 19:09:47 【问题描述】:在 SwiftUI View
中,我有一个基于 @FetchRequest
的 List
显示 Primary
实体的数据和连接 Secondary
实体的通过关系。
View
及其 List
正确更新,当我添加一个新的 Primary
实体和一个新的相关辅助实体时。
问题是,当我在详细视图中更新连接的Secondary
项目时,数据库会更新,但更改不会反映在Primary
列表中。
显然,@FetchRequest
不会被另一个 View 中的更改触发。
之后,当我在主视图中添加新项目时,之前更改的项目最终会得到更新。
作为一种解决方法,我另外更新了详细视图中Primary
实体的属性,并且更改正确传播到Primary
视图。
我的问题是:
如何强制更新 SwiftUI Core Data 中所有相关的@FetchRequests
?
特别是当我无法直接访问相关实体/@Fetchrequests
?
import SwiftUI
extension Primary: Identifiable
// Primary View
struct PrimaryListView: View
@Environment(\.managedObjectContext) var context
@FetchRequest(
entity: Primary.entity(),
sortDescriptors: [NSSortDescriptor(key: "primaryName", ascending: true)]
)
var fetchedResults: FetchedResults<Primary>
var body: some View
List
ForEach(fetchedResults) primary in
NavigationLink(destination: SecondaryView(primary: primary))
VStack(alignment: .leading)
Text("\(primary.primaryName ?? "nil")")
Text("\(primary.secondary?.secondaryName ?? "nil")").font(.footnote).foregroundColor(.secondary)
.navigationBarTitle("Primary List")
.navigationBarItems(trailing:
Button(action: self.addNewPrimary() )
Image(systemName: "plus")
)
private func addNewPrimary()
let newPrimary = Primary(context: context)
newPrimary.primaryName = "Primary created at \(Date())"
let newSecondary = Secondary(context: context)
newSecondary.secondaryName = "Secondary built at \(Date())"
newPrimary.secondary = newSecondary
try? context.save()
struct PrimaryListView_Previews: PreviewProvider
static var previews: some View
let context = (UIApplication.shared.delegate as! AppDelegate).persistentContainer.viewContext
return NavigationView
PrimaryListView().environment(\.managedObjectContext, context)
// Detail View
struct SecondaryView: View
@Environment(\.presentationMode) var presentationMode
var primary: Primary
@State private var newSecondaryName = ""
var body: some View
VStack
TextField("Secondary name:", text: $newSecondaryName)
.textFieldStyle(RoundedBorderTextFieldStyle())
.padding()
.onAppear self.newSecondaryName = self.primary.secondary?.secondaryName ?? "no name"
Button(action: self.saveChanges())
Text("Save")
.padding()
private func saveChanges()
primary.secondary?.secondaryName = newSecondaryName
// TODO: ❌ workaround to trigger update on primary @FetchRequest
primary.managedObjectContext.refresh(primary, mergeChanges: true)
// primary.primaryName = primary.primaryName
try? primary.managedObjectContext?.save()
presentationMode.wrappedValue.dismiss()
【问题讨论】:
没有帮助,抱歉。但我遇到了同样的问题。我的详细视图引用了选定的主要对象。它显示次要对象的列表。所有 CRUD 功能在 Core Data 中都能正常工作,但不会反映在 UI 中。很想了解这方面的更多信息。 您是否尝试过使用ObservableObject
?
我尝试在详细视图中使用 @ObservedObject var primary: Primary。但更改不会传播回主视图。
【参考方案1】:
另一种方法:使用 Publisher 和 List.id():
struct ContentView: View
/*
@FetchRequest...
*/
private var didSave = NotificationCenter.default.publisher(for: .NSManagedObjectContextDidSave) //the publisher
@State private var refreshID = UUID()
var body: some View
List
...
.id(refreshID)
.onReceive(self.didSave) _ in //the listener
self.refreshID = UUID()
print("generated a new UUID")
每次在上下文中调用 NSManagedObjects 的 save() 时,它都会为 List 视图生成一个新的 UUID,并强制刷新 List 视图。
【讨论】:
【参考方案2】:要解决此问题,您必须在 SecondaryView
中将 @ObservedObject
添加到 var primary: Primary
才能正常工作 List
。 Primary
属于NSManagedObject
类,该类已经符合@ObservableObject
协议。这样Primary
实例的变化就会被观察到。
import SwiftUI
extension Primary: Identifiable
// Primary View
struct PrimaryListView: View
@Environment(\.managedObjectContext) var context
@FetchRequest(
entity: Primary.entity(),
sortDescriptors: [NSSortDescriptor(key: "primaryName", ascending: true)]
)
var fetchedResults: FetchedResults<Primary>
var body: some View
List
ForEach(fetchedResults) primary in
NavigationLink(destination: SecondaryView(primary: primary))
VStack(alignment: .leading)
Text("\(primary.primaryName ?? "nil")")
Text("\(primary.secondary?.secondaryName ?? "nil")").font(.footnote).foregroundColor(.secondary)
.navigationBarTitle("Primary List")
.navigationBarItems(trailing:
Button(action: self.addNewPrimary() )
Image(systemName: "plus")
)
private func addNewPrimary()
let newPrimary = Primary(context: context)
newPrimary.primaryName = "Primary created at \(Date())"
let newSecondary = Secondary(context: context)
newSecondary.secondaryName = "Secondary built at \(Date())"
newPrimary.secondary = newSecondary
try? context.save()
struct PrimaryListView_Previews: PreviewProvider
static var previews: some View
let context = (UIApplication.shared.delegate as! AppDelegate).persistentContainer.viewContext
return NavigationView
PrimaryListView().environment(\.managedObjectContext, context)
// Detail View
struct SecondaryView: View
@Environment(\.presentationMode) var presentationMode
@ObservedObject var primary: Primary
@State private var newSecondaryName = ""
var body: some View
VStack
TextField("Secondary name:", text: $newSecondaryName)
.textFieldStyle(RoundedBorderTextFieldStyle())
.padding()
.onAppear self.newSecondaryName = self.primary.secondary?.secondaryName ?? "no name"
Button(action: self.saveChanges())
Text("Save")
.padding()
private func saveChanges()
primary.secondary?.secondaryName = newSecondaryName
try? primary.managedObjectContext?.save()
presentationMode.wrappedValue.dismiss()
【讨论】:
【参考方案3】:我也为此苦苦挣扎,找到了一个非常好的和干净的解决方案:
您必须将该行包装在单独的视图中,并在实体的该行视图中使用@ObservedObject。
这是我的代码:
酒单:
struct WineList: View
@FetchRequest(entity: Wine.entity(), sortDescriptors: [
NSSortDescriptor(keyPath: \Wine.name, ascending: true)
]
) var wines: FetchedResults<Wine>
var body: some View
List(wines, id: \.id) wine in
NavigationLink(destination: WineDetail(wine: wine))
WineRow(wine: wine)
.navigationBarTitle("Wines")
葡萄酒行:
struct WineRow: View
@ObservedObject var wine: Wine // !! @ObserveObject is the key!!!
var body: some View
HStack
Text(wine.name ?? "")
Spacer()
【讨论】:
这对我来说非常有效。谢谢。事后看来,这也很明显,这很好,因为这意味着它符合 SwiftUI 的方式。谢谢。 这应该是公认的答案。它更简单,更符合 SwiftUI 理念。 多么优雅的解决方案! 关键是“@ObserveObject” 你震撼了!完美运行! OMFG!!如何?这怎么不是公认的答案?这很干净,简单,而且效果很好....谢谢,马克 【参考方案4】:我尝试像这样触摸详细视图中的主要对象:
// TODO: ❌ workaround to trigger update on primary @FetchRequest
if let primary = secondary.primary
secondary.managedObjectContext?.refresh(primary, mergeChanges: true)
然后主列表将更新。但是细节视图必须知道父对象。这会起作用,但这可能不是 SwiftUI 或 Combine 的方式......
编辑:
基于上述解决方法,我使用全局 save(managedObject:) 函数修改了我的项目。这将触及所有相关实体,从而更新所有相关的@FetchRequest。
import SwiftUI
import CoreData
extension Primary: Identifiable
// MARK: - Primary View
struct PrimaryListView: View
@Environment(\.managedObjectContext) var context
@FetchRequest(
sortDescriptors: [
NSSortDescriptor(keyPath: \Primary.primaryName, ascending: true)]
)
var fetchedResults: FetchedResults<Primary>
var body: some View
print("body PrimaryListView"); return
List
ForEach(fetchedResults) primary in
NavigationLink(destination: SecondaryView(secondary: primary.secondary!))
VStack(alignment: .leading)
Text("\(primary.primaryName ?? "nil")")
Text("\(primary.secondary?.secondaryName ?? "nil")")
.font(.footnote).foregroundColor(.secondary)
.navigationBarTitle("Primary List")
.navigationBarItems(trailing:
Button(action: self.addNewPrimary() )
Image(systemName: "plus")
)
private func addNewPrimary()
let newPrimary = Primary(context: context)
newPrimary.primaryName = "Primary created at \(Date())"
let newSecondary = Secondary(context: context)
newSecondary.secondaryName = "Secondary built at \(Date())"
newPrimary.secondary = newSecondary
try? context.save()
struct PrimaryListView_Previews: PreviewProvider
static var previews: some View
let context = (UIApplication.shared.delegate as! AppDelegate).persistentContainer.viewContext
return NavigationView
PrimaryListView().environment(\.managedObjectContext, context)
// MARK: - Detail View
struct SecondaryView: View
@Environment(\.presentationMode) var presentationMode
var secondary: Secondary
@State private var newSecondaryName = ""
var body: some View
print("SecondaryView: \(secondary.secondaryName ?? "")"); return
VStack
TextField("Secondary name:", text: $newSecondaryName)
.textFieldStyle(RoundedBorderTextFieldStyle())
.padding()
.onAppear self.newSecondaryName = self.secondary.secondaryName ?? "no name"
Button(action: self.saveChanges())
Text("Save")
.padding()
private func saveChanges()
secondary.secondaryName = newSecondaryName
// save Secondary and touch Primary
(UIApplication.shared.delegate as! AppDelegate).save(managedObject: secondary)
presentationMode.wrappedValue.dismiss()
extension AppDelegate
/// save and touch related objects
func save(managedObject: NSManagedObject)
let context = persistentContainer.viewContext
// if this object has an impact on related objects, touch these related objects
if let secondary = managedObject as? Secondary,
let primary = secondary.primary
context.refresh(primary, mergeChanges: true)
print("Primary touched: \(primary.primaryName ?? "no name")")
saveContext()
【讨论】:
【参考方案5】:您需要一个发布者,它会生成有关上下文更改的事件和主视图中的一些状态变量,以强制在从该发布者接收事件时重建视图。 重要提示:状态变量必须在视图构建器代码中使用,否则渲染引擎不会知道发生了什么变化。
这是对代码受影响部分的简单修改,它提供了您需要的行为。
@State private var refreshing = false
private var didSave = NotificationCenter.default.publisher(for: .NSManagedObjectContextDidSave)
var body: some View
List
ForEach(fetchedResults) primary in
NavigationLink(destination: SecondaryView(primary: primary))
VStack(alignment: .leading)
// below use of .refreshing is just as demo,
// it can be use for anything
Text("\(primary.primaryName ?? "nil")" + (self.refreshing ? "" : ""))
Text("\(primary.secondary?.secondaryName ?? "nil")").font(.footnote).foregroundColor(.secondary)
// here is the listener for published context event
.onReceive(self.didSave) _ in
self.refreshing.toggle()
.navigationBarTitle("Primary List")
.navigationBarItems(trailing:
Button(action: self.addNewPrimary() )
Image(systemName: "plus")
)
【讨论】:
希望 Apple 在未来改进 Core Data SwiftUI 集成。将赏金授予提供的最佳答案。谢谢阿斯佩里。 感谢您的回答!但是@FetchRequest 应该对数据库中的更改做出反应。使用您的解决方案,无论涉及的项目如何,每次保存在数据库中都会更新视图。我的问题是如何让@FetchRequest 对涉及数据库关系的更改做出反应。您的解决方案需要与@FetchRequest 并行的第二个订阅者(NotificationCenter)。还必须使用额外的假触发器` + (self.refreshing ? "" : "")`。也许@Fetchrequest 本身不是一个合适的解决方案? @Asperi 我接受你的回答。正如您所说,问题在于渲染引擎识别任何更改。使用对已更改对象的引用是不够的。必须在视图中使用已更改的变量。在身体的任何部位。即使在列表的背景上使用也可以。我使用RefreshView(toggle: Bool)
,其主体中有一个 EmptyView。使用List ....background(RefreshView(toggle: self.refreshing))
将起作用。
我找到了更好的方法来强制列表刷新/重新获取,它在SwiftUI: List does not update automatically after deleting all Core Data Entity entries 中提供。以防万一。
@g-marc 答案是正确的link以上是关于当SwiftUI中的相关实体发生变化时,如何更新@FetchRequest?的主要内容,如果未能解决你的问题,请参考以下文章
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