SQL - 查找插入特定值的语句
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【中文标题】SQL - 查找插入特定值的语句【英文标题】：SQL - Find statement that insert specific values 【发布时间】：2019-06-18 10:39:19 【问题描述】：我正在使用 Oracle 数据库，通过 Oracle SQL Developer 和 R 与它进行交互。这个数据库由几个人共享，但由于某些公司规则，我们都使用同一个用户与之交互。
在我们的一个表中，我们发现了一种奇怪的行为，即不断插入一行而没有任何我们知道的顺序。
比如说，在 Table1 上，有时会有一行 value Name = "Test" 创建 >8K 次，我们不知道为什么会这样。
我想做的是创建某种自动化（触发器），当在 Table1 上插入带有 Name = "Test" 的行时，会保存执行它的查询和日期/时间。
【问题讨论】：
为什么有一个规则要求共享帐户？通常有一个规则禁止共享帐户，以防止此类情况。 【参考方案1】：如果有搜索期间的存档日志。您必须使用实用程序 LogMiner。示例 1。
EXECUTE DBMS_LOGMNR.add_logfile(LOGFILENAME => '/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2/admin/edcu/arc_redo_log/1_39306_769799469.dbf', OPTIONS => DBMS_LOGMNR.NEW);
EXECUTE DBMS_LOGMNR.add_logfile(LOGFILENAME => '/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2/admin/edcu/arc_redo_log/1_39307_769799469.dbf', OPTIONS => DBMS_LOGMNR.addfile);
EXECUTE DBMS_LOGMNR.add_logfile(LOGFILENAME => '/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2/admin/edcu/arc_redo_log/1_39308_769799469.dbf', OPTIONS => DBMS_LOGMNR.addfile);
EXECUTE DBMS_LOGMNR.add_logfile(LOGFILENAME => '/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2/admin/edcu/arc_redo_log/1_39309_769799469.dbf', OPTIONS => DBMS_LOGMNR.addfile);
EXECUTE DBMS_LOGMNR.START_LOGMNR(OPTIONS => DBMS_LOGMNR.DICT_FROM_ONLINE_CATALOG);
SELECT
to_char(timestamp,'DD-MM-YYYY HH24:MI:SS'),
operation,username,
os_username,
machine_name,
session_info,
sql_redo
FROM v$logmnr_contents
where
seg_owner='MANAGER' and seg_name='TEST2'
14-12-2017 09:40:20 DDL MANAGER DeminDV KRW\IVC-PTK-DEMIN login_username=MANAGER client_info= OS_username=DeminDV Machine_name=KRW\IVC-PTK-DEMIN create table test2 (p1 number);
14-12-2017 09:40:47 INSERT MANAGER DeminDV KRW\IVC-PTK-DEMIN login_username=MANAGER client_info= OS_username=DeminDV Machine_name=KRW\IVC-PTK-DEMIN insert into "MANAGER"."TEST2"("COL 1") values (HEXTORAW('c117'));
14-12-2017 09:40:53 INSERT MANAGER DeminDV KRW\IVC-PTK-DEMIN login_username=MANAGER client_info= OS_username=DeminDV Machine_name=KRW\IVC-PTK-DEMIN insert into "MANAGER"."TEST2"("COL 1") values (HEXTORAW('c119'));
14-12-2017 09:40:57 INSERT MANAGER DeminDV KRW\IVC-PTK-DEMIN login_username=MANAGER client_info= OS_username=DeminDV Machine_name=KRW\IVC-PTK-DEMIN insert into "MANAGER"."TEST2"("COL 1") values (HEXTORAW('c137'));
14-12-2017 09:41:01 INSERT MANAGER DeminDV KRW\IVC-PTK-DEMIN login_username=MANAGER client_info= OS_username=DeminDV Machine_name=KRW\IVC-PTK-DEMIN insert into "MANAGER"."TEST2"("COL 1") values (HEXTORAW('c20219'));
14-12-2017 09:41:45 DDL MANAGER DeminDV KRW\IVC-PTK-DEMIN login_username=MANAGER client_info= OS_username=DeminDV Machine_name=KRW\IVC-PTK-DEMIN alter table test2 add (p2 varchar2(200));
14-12-2017 09:42:12 INSERT MANAGER DeminDV KRW\IVC-PTK-DEMIN login_username=MANAGER client_info= OS_username=DeminDV Machine_name=KRW\IVC-PTK-DEMIN insert into "MANAGER"."TEST2"("COL 1","COL 2") values (HEXTORAW('c20219'),HEXTORAW('746573743220746573743120'));
14-12-2017 09:42:24 INSERT MANAGER DeminDV KRW\IVC-PTK-DEMIN login_username=MANAGER client_info= OS_username=DeminDV Machine_name=KRW\IVC-PTK-DEMIN insert into "MANAGER"."TEST2"("COL 1","COL 2") values (HEXTORAW('c2021a'),HEXTORAW('746573743420746573743420'));
14-12-2017 09:46:24 INSERT MANAGER DeminDV KRW\IVC-PTK-DEMIN login_username=MANAGER client_info= OS_username=DeminDV Machine_name=KRW\IVC-PTK-DEMIN insert into "MANAGER"."TEST2"("COL 1","COL 2") values (HEXTORAW('c2021a'),HEXTORAW('746573743420746573743420'));
14-12-2017 09:46:25 INSERT MANAGER DeminDV KRW\IVC-PTK-DEMIN login_username=MANAGER client_info= OS_username=DeminDV Machine_name=KRW\IVC-PTK-DEMIN insert into "MANAGER"."TEST2"("COL 1","COL 2") values (HEXTORAW('c2021a'),HEXTORAW('746573743420746573743420'));
14-12-2017 09:46:26 INSERT MANAGER DeminDV KRW\IVC-PTK-DEMIN login_username=MANAGER client_info= OS_username=DeminDV Machine_name=KRW\IVC-PTK-DEMIN insert into "MANAGER"."TEST2"("COL 1","COL 2") values (HEXTORAW('c2021a'),HEXTORAW('746573743420746573743420'));
14-12-2017 09:46:27 INSERT MANAGER DeminDV KRW\IVC-PTK-DEMIN login_username=MANAGER client_info= OS_username=DeminDV Machine_name=KRW\IVC-PTK-DEMIN insert into "MANAGER"."TEST2"("COL 1","COL 2") values (HEXTORAW('c2021a'),HEXTORAW('746573743420746573743420'));
14-12-2017 09:46:28 INSERT MANAGER DeminDV KRW\IVC-PTK-DEMIN login_username=MANAGER client_info= OS_username=DeminDV Machine_name=KRW\IVC-PTK-DEMIN insert into "MANAGER"."TEST2"("COL 1","COL 2") values (HEXTORAW('c2021a'),HEXTORAW('746573743420746573743420'));
14-12-2017 09:54:37 DDL MANAGER DeminDV KRW\IVC-PTK-DEMIN login_username=MANAGER client_info= OS_username=DeminDV Machine_name=KRW\IVC-PTK-DEMIN comment on table test2 is 'test';
14-12-2017 10:16:36 DDL MANAGER DeminDV KRW\IVC-PTK-DEMIN login_username=MANAGER client_info= OS_username=DeminDV Machine_name=KRW\IVC-PTK-DEMIN alter table test2 add (p3 varchar2(100));
14-12-2017 10:17:07 INSERT MANAGER DeminDV KRW\IVC-PTK-DEMIN login_username=MANAGER client_info= OS_username=DeminDV Machine_name=KRW\IVC-PTK-DEMIN insert into "MANAGER"."TEST2"("P1","P2","P3") values ('125','test6','test4 ');
14-12-2017 10:17:08 INSERT MANAGER DeminDV KRW\IVC-PTK-DEMIN login_username=MANAGER client_info= OS_username=DeminDV Machine_name=KRW\IVC-PTK-DEMIN insert into "MANAGER"."TEST2"("P1","P2","P3") values ('125','test6','test4 ');
'
示例 2. 使用闪回功能
update manager.test2 set p2='test10' where p1=125;
commit;
SELECT versions_xid XID, versions_startscn START_SCN,
versions_endscn END_SCN, versions_operation OPERATION,
p1, p2, p3 FROM manager.test2
VERSIONS BETWEEN SCN MINVALUE AND MAXVALUE;
XID START_SCN END_SCN OPERATION P1 P2 P3
---------------------- ------------------------ ---------------------- --------------- ---------- -------- ------
08000E000DD70900 1374388524564 U 125 test10 test4
08000E000DD70900 1374388524564 U 125 test10 test4
08000E000DD70900 1374388524564 U 125 test10
08000E000DD70900 1374388524564 U 125 test10
1374388524564 125 test4 test4
1374388524564 125 test4 test4
1374388524564 125 test6 test4
1374388524564 125 test6 test4
SELECT xid, start_scn , commit_scn COMMIT,operation OP, logon_user ,undo_sql FROM flashback_transaction_query
WHERE xid = HEXTORAW('08000E000DD70900');
XID START_SCN COMMIT OP LOGON_USER UNDO_SQL
-------------------------------- -------------------------------- -------------------------------------- --------------------------------- ------------------------------------
08000E000DD70900 1374388524537 1374388524564 UPDATE MANAGER update "MANAGER"."TEST2" set "P2" = 'test6' where ROWID = 'AAA2wgAAbAAAAEsAAM';
08000E000DD70900 1374388524537 1374388524564 UPDATE MANAGER update "MANAGER"."TEST2" set "P2" = 'test6' where ROWID = 'AAA2wgAAbAAAAEsAAL';
08000E000DD70900 1374388524537 1374388524564 UPDATE MANAGER update "MANAGER"."TEST2" set "P2" = 'test4 test4 ' where ROWID = 'AAA2wgAAbAAAAEsAAK';
08000E000DD70900 1374388524537 1374388524564 UPDATE MANAGER update "MANAGER"."TEST2" set "P2" = 'test4 test4 ' where ROWID = 'AAA2wgAAbAAAAEsAAJ';
08000E000DD70900 1374388524537 1374388524564 UPDATE MANAGER update "MANAGER"."TEST2" set "P2" = 'test4 test4 ' where ROWID = 'AAA2wgAAbAAAAEsAAI';
08000E000DD70900 1374388524537 1374388524564 UPDATE MANAGER update "MANAGER"."TEST2" set "P2" = 'test4 test4 ' where ROWID = 'AAA2wgAAbAAAAEsAAH';
08000E000DD70900 1374388524537 1374388524564 UPDATE MANAGER update "MANAGER"."TEST2" set "P2" = 'test4 test4 ' where ROWID = 'AAA2wgAAbAAAAEsAAG';
08000E000DD70900 1374388524537 1374388524564 UPDATE MANAGER update "MANAGER"."TEST2" set "P2" = 'test4 test4 ' where ROWID = 'AAA2wgAAbAAAAEsAAF';
08000E000DD70900 1374388524537 1374388524564 BEGIN MANAGER
【讨论】：
【参考方案2】：您可以使用 oracle 的 审计 功能。
-- to start auditing on table
AUDIT INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON <Schemaname>.<tablename> BY ACCESS WHENEVER SUCCESSFUL;
-- after auditing is started, execute below query to get the audit data
-- Modify the where condition according to your need
SELECT
OS_USER,
USERHOST,
DB_USER,
TO_CHAR(EXTENDED_TIMESTAMP, 'DD-MON-RRRR HHAM:MI:SS'),
OBJECT_SCHEMA,
OBJECT_NAME,
STATEMENT_TYPE,
SQL_TEXT,
SQL_BIND
FROM
DBA_COMMON_AUDIT_TRAIL
WHERE OBJECT_SCHEMA = <Schemaname>
AND OBJECT_NAME = <tablename>
ORDER BY
4 DESC;
可以使用以下参数在数据库级别设置审核选项：
AUDIT_TRAIL=NONE 或 FALSE|操作系统| DB 或 TRUE| DB_EXTENDED| XML |XML_EXTENDED
以下列表提供了每个值的说明：
NONE 或 FALSE -> 审核被禁用。 Oracle 10g 之前的默认设置。 DB 或 TRUE -> 启用审计，所有审计记录都存储在数据库审计跟踪 (AUD$) 中。 Oracle 11g 的默认设置。 DB_EXTENDED –> 与 DB 相同，但也填充了 SQL_BIND 和 SQL_TEXT 列。 XML-> 审计已启用，所有审计记录都存储为 XML 格式的操作系统文件。 XML_EXTENDED –> 与 XML 相同，但也填充了 SQL_BIND 和 SQL_TEXT 列。 OS -> 审计已启用，所有审计记录都指向由 AUDIT_FILE_DEST 指定的操作系统文件。希望，这对你有用。
干杯！！
【讨论】：
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