在约束布局内的线性布局中将元素置于其他元素之下

Posted 2023-04-19

【中文标题】在约束布局内的线性布局中将元素置于其他元素之下

【英文标题】：Place elements under others in Linear Layout inside Constraint Layout

【发布时间】：2020-06-29 08:01:52

【问题描述】：

我正在尝试将一组元素放在我的 LinearLayout 内的列中。问题是它不能识别像“layout_below”这样的指令（它说它是无效的）：结果如下：

我期望的结果是第一行的第一个 TextView 和 Spinner，第二行的“Release” TextView 和 EditText，第三行的其他三个元素。这是代码：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:id="@+id/linearLayout2"
    android:layout_
    android:layout_>

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textView2"
        android:layout_
        android:layout_
        android:layout_marginStart="49dp"
        android:layout_marginLeft="49dp"
        android:layout_marginEnd="49dp"
        android:layout_marginRight="49dp"
        android:text="Search"
        android:textColor="#ffffff"
        android:textSize="@dimen/_20ssp"
        android:textStyle="bold"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />


    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/search_field"
        android:layout_
        android:layout_
        android:layout_marginStart="1dp"
        android:layout_marginTop="12dp"
        android:layout_marginEnd="20dp"
        android:background="@drawable/search_layout"
        android:ems="10"
        android:fontFamily="@font/nunito_bold"
        android:hint="Search here"
        android:inputType="textPersonName"
        android:paddingLeft="20dp"
        android:paddingTop="10dp"
        android:paddingRight="20dp"
        android:paddingBottom="10dp"
        android:textColor="@color/colorPrimary"
        android:textColorHint="@color/colorPrimary"
        android:textSize="16sp"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@id/search_btn"
        app:layout_constraintHorizontal_chainStyle="packed"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@id/textView2"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/textView2" />

    <ImageButton
        android:id="@+id/search_btn"
        android:layout_
        android:layout_
        android:layout_marginTop="8dp"
        android:background="@color/cardview_shadow_end_color"
        android:paddingTop="17dp"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@id/checkbox_adv"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="@id/textView2"
        app:layout_constraintHorizontal_chainStyle="packed"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toEndOf="@+id/search_field"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/textView2"
        app:srcCompat="@mipmap/search_button" />


    <CheckBox
        android:id="@+id/checkbox_adv"
        android:layout_
        android:layout_
        android:text="Advanced search"
        android:layout_marginEnd="@dimen/_30sdp"
        android:textColor="@color/colorPrimary"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@id/hiddenTab"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="@+id/search_btn"
        app:layout_constraintHorizontal_chainStyle="packed"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@+id/search_field"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/search_field" />

    <LinearLayout
        android:id="@+id/hiddenTab"
        android:layout_
        android:layout_
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        android:visibility="gone"
        android:layout_marginTop="@dimen/_7sdp"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@id/popular_rc_view"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="@id/search_btn"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@id/search_field"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/checkbox_adv"
        tools:visibility="visible">

        <!-- LINE 1 -->

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/textGenre"
            android:layout_
            android:layout_
            android:gravity="center"
            android:text="Genre:"
            android:textColor="@color/colorPrimary"
            android:textAlignment="gravity" />

        <Spinner
            android:id="@+id/spinnerGenre"
            android:layout_
            android:layout_
            android:layout_below="@+id/spinner"
            android:layout_margin="10dp"
            android:textColor="@color/colorPrimary"
            android:entries="@array/genre_list" />

        <!-- END OF LINE 1 -->

        <!-- LINE 2 -->

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/textYear"
            android:layout_
            android:layout_
            android:gravity="center"
            android:text="Release:"
            android:layout_below="@+id/genresTextView"
            android:textColor="@color/colorPrimary"
            android:textAlignment="gravity" />

        <EditText
            android:id="@+id/releaseYear"
            android:layout_
            android:layout_
            android:layout_below="@+id/spinner"
            android:layout_margin="10dp"
            android:textColor="@color/colorPrimary" />

        <!-- END OF LINE 2 -->

        <!-- LINE 3 -->

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/textVote"
            android:layout_
            android:layout_
            android:gravity="center"
            android:text="Rating:"
            android:layout_below="@+id/genresTextView"
            android:textColor="@color/colorPrimary"
            android:textAlignment="gravity" />

        <Spinner
            android:id="@+id/spinnerOperator"
            android:layout_
            android:layout_
            android:layout_below="@+id/spinner"
            android:layout_margin="10dp"
            android:textColor="@color/colorPrimary"
            android:entries="@array/operator_list" />

        <Spinner
            android:id="@+id/spinnerVote"
            android:layout_
            android:layout_
            android:layout_below="@+id/spinner"
            android:layout_margin="10dp"
            android:textColor="@color/colorPrimary"
            android:entries="@array/vote_list" />

        <!-- END OF LINE 3 -->

    </LinearLayout>

    <androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView
        android:id="@+id/popular_rc_view"
        android:layout_
        android:layout_
        android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/hiddenTab" />

    <com.google.android.material.floatingactionbutton.FloatingActionButton
        android:id="@+id/fab3"
        android:layout_
        android:layout_
        android:layout_marginEnd="16dp"
        android:layout_marginRight="16dp"
        android:layout_marginBottom="16dp"
        android:scaleType="center"
        android:src="@drawable/recent_icon"
        android:text="Most Recent"
        android:visibility="invisible"
        app:backgroundTint="@color/design_default_color_on_primary"
        app:elevation="6dp"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/fab2"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="1"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="1"
        app:maxImageSize="35dp"
        app:pressedTranslationZ="12dp" />

    <com.google.android.material.floatingactionbutton.FloatingActionButton
        android:id="@+id/fab2"
        android:layout_
        android:layout_
        android:layout_marginTop="18dp"
        android:layout_marginEnd="16dp"
        android:layout_marginRight="16dp"
        android:layout_marginBottom="16dp"
        android:scaleType="center"
        android:src="@drawable/rated_icon"
        android:text="Most Rated"
        android:visibility="invisible"
        app:backgroundTint="@color/design_default_color_background"
        app:elevation="6dp"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/fab1"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="1"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="1"
        app:maxImageSize="35dp"
        app:pressedTranslationZ="12dp" />

    <com.google.android.material.floatingactionbutton.FloatingActionButton
        android:id="@+id/fab1"
        android:layout_
        android:layout_
        android:layout_marginEnd="16dp"
        android:layout_marginBottom="16dp"
        android:scaleType="center"
        android:src="@drawable/pop_icon"
        android:text="Most Popular"
        android:visibility="invisible"
        app:backgroundTint="@color/design_default_color_background"
        app:elevation="6dp"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/fab"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="1"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="1"
        app:maxImageSize="35dp"
        app:pressedTranslationZ="12dp" />

    <com.google.android.material.floatingactionbutton.FloatingActionButton
        android:id="@+id/fab"
        android:layout_
        android:layout_
        android:layout_marginEnd="16dp"
        android:layout_marginBottom="20dp"
        android:scaleType="centerInside"
        android:src="@drawable/filter"
        app:backgroundTint="@color/colorPrimary"
        app:elevation="6dp"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="1"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="1"
        app:maxImageSize="35dp"
        app:pressedTranslationZ="12dp" />

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

【参考方案1】：

无法识别属性android:layout_below，因为它是RelativeLayout 的属性，LinearLayout 没有那种属性。

为了获得您想要的行为，LinearLayout 不适合您，因为它只允许水平或垂直堆叠子视图，而不是混合水平排列和垂直排列。

您应该使用ConstraintLayout（更好）或RelativeLayout（更差）来获得该行为。

此外，由于您的父级已经是 ConstraintLayout，因此您不需要嵌套的 ViewGroup hiddenTab 来安排该位置的视图。如果只是添加hiddenTab 来控制其可见性，请记住您可以使用ContraintLayout 的Group 来控制它。