SQL Server 2005 表太大

Posted 2023-04-18

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【中文标题】SQL Server 2005 表太大【英文标题】：SQL Server 2005 table too big 【发布时间】：2013-12-12 16:54:57 【问题描述】：

我有这张桌子。

我不知道为什么这张桌子太大了。

这是表结构。

    CREATE TABLE [dbo].[ACI_HISCLI](
    [TER_CODI] [varchar](13) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NOT NULL,
    [HIS_NUME] [int] NOT NULL,
    [HIS_FECH] [datetime] NOT NULL,
    [HIS_ESTA] [char](1) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NOT NULL,
    [HIS_HORA] [datetime] NOT NULL,
    [MED_CODI] [decimal](13, 0) NOT NULL,
    [HIS_HOEN] [char](1) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NOT NULL,
    [HIS_HODC] [char](1) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NOT NULL,
    [HIS_MOTI] [text] COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_AODS] [varchar](10) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_AODC] [varchar](10) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_AOSS] [varchar](10) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_AOSC] [varchar](10) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_ODQ1] [decimal](4, 2) NULL,
    [HIS_ODQ2] [int] NULL,
    [HIS_ODQ3] [decimal](4, 2) NULL,
    [HIS_ODQ4] [int] NULL,
    [HIS_OSQ1] [decimal](4, 2) NULL,
    [HIS_OSQ2] [int] NULL,
    [HIS_OSQ3] [decimal](4, 2) NULL,
    [HIS_OSQ4] [int] NULL,
    [HIS_ODR1] [decimal](4, 2) NULL,
    [HIS_ODR2] [decimal](4, 2) NULL,
    [HIS_ODR3] [int] NULL,
    [HIS_OSR1] [decimal](4, 2) NULL,
    [HIS_OSR2] [decimal](4, 2) NULL,
    [HIS_OSR3] [int] NULL,
    [HIS_ODS1] [decimal](4, 2) NULL,
    [HIS_ODS2] [decimal](4, 2) NULL,
    [HIS_ODS3] [int] NULL,
    [HIS_ODS4] [varchar](10) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_OSS1] [decimal](4, 2) NULL,
    [HIS_OSS2] [decimal](4, 2) NULL,
    [HIS_OSS3] [int] NULL,
    [HIS_OSS4] [varchar](10) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_ADI1] [decimal](3, 2) NULL,
    [HIS_ADI2] [varchar](2) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_ADI3] [int] NULL,
    [HIS_TON1] [datetime] NULL,
    [HIS_TOOD] [int] NULL,
    [HIS_TOOS] [int] NULL,
    [HIS_MOVI] [text] COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_BIOM] [text] COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_FOJO] [text] COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_OTRO] [text] COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [DIA_COD1] [varchar](10) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [DIA_COD2] [varchar](10) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [DIA_COD3] [varchar](10) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_COND] [text] COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_OBSE] [text] COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_IMA1] [image] NULL,
    [HIS_IMN1] [varchar](50) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_IMA2] [image] NULL,
    [HIS_IMN2] [varchar](50) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_CONS] [char](1) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_ORIL] [char](1) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_ORIT] [char](1) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_ORIP] [char](1) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_INGS] [char](1) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_INGA] [char](1) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_INGC] [char](1) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_INGE] [char](1) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_INGL] [char](1) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_TAIN] [varchar](7) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_PUIN] [int] NULL,
    [HIS_TEIN] [decimal](6, 2) NULL,
    [HIS_TAEG] [varchar](7) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_PUEG] [int] NULL,
    [HIS_TEEG] [decimal](6, 2) NULL,
    [HIS_OBHE] [text] COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [USU_CREA] [varchar](10) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NOT NULL,
    [HIS_ASPR] [char](1) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [PRO_CONS] [int] NULL,
    [MED_CODC] [decimal](13, 0) NULL,
    [ANE_CODI] [decimal](13, 0) NULL,
    [AYU_CODI] [decimal](13, 0) NULL,
    [INS_CODI] [decimal](13, 0) NULL,
    [HIS_DIPR] [text] COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_DIPO] [text] COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_DECI] [text] COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_GODV] [int] NULL,
    [HIS_GODT] [varchar](200) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_GOIV] [int] NULL,
    [HIS_GOIT] [varchar](200) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_BIFO] [char](1) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_BIOT] [varchar](51) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_OBSD] [varchar](100) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_OBSS] [varchar](100) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_ODLA] [image] NULL,
    [HIS_ODFR] [image] NULL,
    [HIS_OILA] [image] NULL,
    [HIS_OIFR] [image] NULL,
    [HIS_ODSE] [image] NULL,
    [HIS_OISE] [image] NULL,
    [HIS_GOD1] [decimal](3, 2) NULL,
    [HIS_GOD2] [decimal](3, 2) NULL,
    [HIS_GOD3] [decimal](3, 2) NULL,
    [HIS_GOD4] [decimal](3, 2) NULL,
    [HIS_GOD5] [decimal](3, 2) NULL,
    [HIS_GOD6] [decimal](3, 2) NULL,
    [HIS_GOD7] [decimal](3, 2) NULL,
    [HIS_GOD8] [decimal](3, 2) NULL,
    [HIS_GOI1] [decimal](3, 2) NULL,
    [HIS_GOI2] [decimal](3, 2) NULL,
    [HIS_GOI3] [decimal](3, 2) NULL,
    [HIS_GOI4] [decimal](3, 2) NULL,
    [HIS_GOI5] [decimal](3, 2) NULL,
    [HIS_GOI6] [decimal](3, 2) NULL,
    [HIS_GOI7] [decimal](3, 2) NULL,
    [HIS_GOI8] [decimal](3, 2) NULL,
    [HIS_CONT] [text] COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_RESU] [text] COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_GLIC] [char](1) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_HEMA] [char](1) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_PAQU] [char](1) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_CREA] [char](1) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_ELEC] [char](1) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_BIO1] [char](1) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_BIO2] [char](1) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_BIO3] [char](1) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_BIO4] [char](1) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_BIO5] [char](1) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_OBEX] [text] COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_OBST] [varchar](150) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_DIT1] [char](1) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_DIT2] [char](1) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_DIT3] [char](1) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_TANE] [char](1) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [ENT_CODI] [numeric](13, 0) NULL,
    [HIS_DIDR] [text] COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_DIDO] [text] COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_DIPI] [text] COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_DISA] [text] COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_DIO1] [char](1) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_DIO2] [char](1) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_DIO3] [char](1) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [HIS_HOAN] [char](1) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [TER_NOAC] [varchar](120) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [TER_TACO] [varchar](25) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [TER_PACO] [varchar](50) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [TER_DACO] [varchar](70) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [TER_IACO] [varchar](15) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [TER_NORE] [varchar](120) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [TER_TRES] [varchar](25) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [TER_PRES] [varchar](50) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [TER_DRES] [varchar](70) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [TER_IRES] [varchar](15) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,
    [USU_AUDI] [varchar](10) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NOT NULL,
    [FEC_AUDI] [datetime] NOT NULL,
    [TIP_AUDI] [char](1) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NOT NULL,
    [MOD_ORIG] [char](1) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NOT NULL
) ON [PRIMARY] TEXTIMAGE_ON [PRIMARY]

使用命令sp_spaceued ACI_HISCLI

这是结果：

name: ACI_HISCLI
rows: 270719
reserved:   64521288 KB
data:       64377992 KB
index_size:      152 Kb
unused:       143144 KB

图像类型的字段，几乎为空。该表为用户提供了如此多的交易，但只有文本蚂蚁，大小为 60 GB！我不知道这张桌子为什么这么大！如何优化此表或缩小此表。我试试：

DBCC CLEANTABLE

并重建索引谢谢。

【问题讨论】：

SELECT index_id,type_desc,total_pages,used_pages,data_pages FROM sys.partitions p INNER JOIN sys.allocation_units a ON p.partition_id = a.container_id WHERE p.object_id = object_id('[dbo].[ACI_HISCLI]')

的输出是什么您能否提供任何 PK 和/或索引定义，或者这是一个堆？您使用的是什么版本的 SQL Server？ 【参考方案1】：

所有这些 TEXT 和 IMAGE 字段都占用 16 个字节，因为它们是指向数据实际所在位置的指针（当那里有数据时）。但我几乎可以肯定，就像固定宽度数据类型（INT、BIGINT、DATETIME 等）一样，即使为 NULL，它们也会占用该空间。

此外，该表确实有太多难以管理的字段。您应该考虑将其拆分为两个（或多个）具有相同 PK、FKed 并具有 1 对 1 关系的表。经常不使用的字段应该移到辅助表中。

编辑：使用的数据空间也受聚集索引上的 FILLFACTOR 设置的影响。将其设置得太低，尤其是对于如此大的行大小，将导致很少的行适合 8k 数据页。

此外，有时删除行时不会释放空间。对 Clustered Index 执行索引 REBUILD 会释放该空间（如果大小下降很多，您将知道执行 REBUILD 后是否有未释放的空间）。

EDIT2：任何使用 SQL Server 2005 和更新版本的人都应该考虑将使用旧 blob 类型（现已弃用）的字段转换为较新的等效项：

文本 -> VARCHAR(MAX) NTEXT -> NVARCHAR(MAX) 图像 -> VARBINARY(MAX)

【讨论】：

即使 270,719 行中的每一行都使用完整的 8KB 页面，但“仅”为 2 GB。他们必须使用大量的行溢出或 LOB 空间。 @Martin，我并不是说它们是整个空间，只是当它们为 NULL 时不能打折。很可能大量使用了文本字段，但我认为 OP 对其中的数据有所了解。已添加 +1 我可以拆分该表，将所有可为空的列放在另一个表中，并且（这里可能很棒）将所有 blob（图像）移出数据库。 @jean，您使用的是什么版本的 SQL Server？根据使用的版本，还有其他几件事情需要考虑。 Jean 不是 OP。标题写的是 2005 年。

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