Android Studio - Proguard“保留”规则被忽略？

Posted 2023-04-15

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【中文标题】Android Studio - Proguard“保留”规则被忽略？【英文标题】：Android Studio - Proguard 'keep' rules being ignored? 【发布时间】：2016-04-10 13:18:55 【问题描述】：

我最近将我的 android 项目从 Eclipse 迁移到了 Android Studio。

由 Android Studio 创建的应用的调试版本在设备上运行良好，但发布版本在启动时崩溃。

这是我应用的build.gradle 文件：

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
apply plugin: 'com.google.gms.google-services'

android 
    compileSdkVersion 23
    buildToolsVersion "23.0.2"

    defaultConfig 
        applicationId "com.example.myapp"
        minSdkVersion 15
        targetSdkVersion 23
        versionCode 49
        versionName "1.3.1"
    
    buildTypes 
        release 
            minifyEnabled true
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        
    
    packagingOptions 
        //exclude 'META-INF/DEPENDENCIES'
        exclude 'META-INF/NOTICE'
        exclude 'META-INF/LICENSE'
        exclude 'META-INF/LICENSE.txt'
        exclude 'META-INF/NOTICE.txt'
    


dependencies 
    compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
    testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'
    compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:23.1.1'
    compile 'com.android.support:design:23.1.1'
    compile 'com.android.support:support-v13:23.1.1'
    compile 'org.apache.httpcomponents:httpmime:4.2.3'
    compile 'org.twitter4j:twitter4j-core:4.0.2'
    compile 'com.facebook.android:facebook-android-sdk:4.8.2'
    compile 'ch.acra:acra:4.7.0'
    compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-analytics:8.3.0'
    compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-ads:8.3.0'
    compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-plus:8.3.0'
    //compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services:8.3.0'
    compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-gcm:8.3.0'

这是我的proguard-rules.pro 文件：

# Add project specific ProGuard rules here.
# By default, the flags in this file are appended to flags specified
# in P:\Program Files\Android\sdk/tools/proguard/proguard-android.txt
# You can edit the include path and order by changing the proguardFiles
# directive in build.gradle.
#
# For more details, see
#   http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/proguard.html

# Add any project specific keep options here:

# If your project uses WebView with JS, uncomment the following
# and specify the fully qualified class name to the javascript interface
# class:
#-keepclassmembers class fqcn.of.javascript.interface.for.webview 
#   public *;
#



#
# My Classes - start
#

-keep public class com.example.myapp.SplashActivity
-keep public class com.example.myapp.FragmentActivityWithListener
-keep public class com.example.myapp.AbstractHelpActivity
-keep public class com.example.myapp.GetContentFromWebTask$CompletedListener
# Don't rename the MenuBuilder filename as this is referenced in our AbstractHelpActivity.java file
-keep public class android.support.v7.internal.view.menu.MenuBuilder
-keep class android.support.v7.widget.ShareActionProvider  *; 

#
# My Classes - end
#


#
# Twitter library - start
#

-dontwarn twitter4j.**
-keep class twitter4j.**  *; 

#
# Twitter library - end
#


#
# Google Play Service library - start
#

-keep class * extends java.util.ListResourceBundle 
    protected Object[][] getContents();


-keep public class com.google.android.gms.common.internal.safeparcel.SafeParcelable 
    public static final *** NULL;


-keepnames @com.google.android.gms.common.annotation.KeepName class *
-keepclassmembernames class * 
    @com.google.android.gms.common.annotation.KeepName *;


-keepnames class * implements android.os.Parcelable 
    public static final ** CREATOR;


#
# Google Play Service library - end
#


#
# ACRA - start
#

#ACRA specifics
# Restore some Source file names and restore approximate line numbers in the stack traces,
# otherwise the stack traces are pretty useless
-keepattributes SourceFile,LineNumberTable

# ACRA needs "annotations" so add this...
# Note: This may already be defined in the default "proguard-android-optimize.txt"
# file in the SDK. If it is, then you don't need to duplicate it. See your
# "project.properties" file to get the path to the default "proguard-android-optimize.txt".
-keepattributes *Annotation*

# keep this class so that logging will show 'ACRA' and not a obfuscated name like 'a'.
# Note: if you are removing log messages elsewhere in this file then this isn't necessary
-keep class org.acra.ACRA 
    *;


# keep this around for some enums that ACRA needs
-keep class org.acra.ReportingInteractionMode 
    *;


-keepnames class org.acra.sender.HttpSender$** 
    *;


-keepnames class org.acra.ReportField 
    *;


# keep this otherwise it is removed by ProGuard
-keep public class org.acra.ErrorReporter 
    public void addCustomData(java.lang.String,java.lang.String);
    public void putCustomData(java.lang.String,java.lang.String);
    public void removeCustomData(java.lang.String);


# keep this otherwise it is removed by ProGuard
-keep public class org.acra.ErrorReporter 
    public void handleSilentException(java.lang.Throwable);


#
# ACRA - end
#


#
# Facebook - start
#
-keep class com.facebook.**  *; 
-keepattributes Signature
#
# Facebook - end
#

这是堆栈跟踪：

01-06 11:48:58.313 27667-27667/? E/ACRA: ACRA caught a RuntimeException for com.example.myapp
     java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to instantiate activity ComponentInfocom.example.myapp/com.example.myapp.SplashActivity: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: Didn't find class "com.example.myapp.SplashActivity" on path: DexPathList[[zip file "/data/app/com.example.myapp-1/base.apk"],nativeLibraryDirectories=[/vendor/lib, /system/lib]]
         at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2650)
         at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2873)
         at android.app.ActivityThread.access$900(ActivityThread.java:181)
         at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1482)
         at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:102)
         at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:145)
         at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6145)
         at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
         at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:372)
         at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:1399)
         at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:1194)
      Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: Didn't find class "com.example.myapp.SplashActivity" on path: DexPathList[[zip file "/data/app/com.example.myapp-1/base.apk"],nativeLibraryDirectories=[/vendor/lib, /system/lib]]
         at dalvik.system.BaseDexClassLoader.findClass(BaseDexClassLoader.java:56)
         at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:511)
         at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:469)
         at android.app.Instrumentation.newActivity(Instrumentation.java:1079)
         at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2640)
         at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2873) 
         at android.app.ActivityThread.access$900(ActivityThread.java:181) 
         at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1482) 
         at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:102) 
         at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:145) 
         at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6145) 
         at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method) 
         at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:372) 
         at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:1399) 
         at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:1194) 
        Suppressed: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: com.example.myapp.SplashActivity
         at dalvik.system.DexFile.defineClassNative(Native Method)
         at dalvik.system.DexFile.defineClass(DexFile.java:226)
         at dalvik.system.DexFile.loadClassBinaryName(DexFile.java:219)
         at dalvik.system.DexPathList.findClass(DexPathList.java:321)
         at dalvik.system.BaseDexClassLoader.findClass(BaseDexClassLoader.java:54)
                ... 14 more
        Suppressed: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: com.example.myapp.SplashActivity
         at java.lang.Class.classForName(Native Method)
         at java.lang.BootClassLoader.findClass(ClassLoader.java:781)
         at java.lang.BootClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:841)
         at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:504)
                ... 13 more
      Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Class not found using the boot class loader; no stack available
01-06 11:48:58.363 27667-27667/? E/ACRA: Not adding buildConfig to log. Class Not found : com.example.myapp.BuildConfig. Please configure 'buildConfigClass' in your ACRA config
01-06 11:48:58.453 27667-27691/? E/ACRA: ACRA caught a InternalError for com.example.myapp
     java.lang.InternalError: Thread starting during runtime shutdown
         at java.lang.Thread.nativeCreate(Native Method)
         at java.lang.Thread.start(Thread.java:1063)
         at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.addWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:920)
         at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.execute(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1336)
         at com.android.okhttp.ConnectionPool.get(ConnectionPool.java:211)
         at com.android.okhttp.internal.http.RouteSelector.next(RouteSelector.java:109)
         at com.android.okhttp.internal.http.HttpEngine.connect(HttpEngine.java:368)
         at com.android.okhttp.internal.http.HttpEngine.sendRequest(HttpEngine.java:296)
         at com.android.okhttp.internal.http.HttpURLConnectionImpl.execute(HttpURLConnectionImpl.java:399)
         at com.android.okhttp.internal.http.HttpURLConnectionImpl.connect(HttpURLConnectionImpl.java:110)
         at org.acra.e.b.a(HttpRequest.java:122)
         at org.acra.sender.HttpSender.a(HttpSender.java:245)
         at org.acra.af.a(SendWorker.java:181)
         at org.acra.af.a(SendWorker.java:140)
         at org.acra.af.run(SendWorker.java:76)
01-06 11:48:58.483 27667-27691/? E/ACRA: Not adding buildConfig to log. Class Not found : com.example.myapp.BuildConfig. Please configure 'buildConfigClass' in your ACRA config
01-06 11:48:58.503 27667-27691/? E/AndroidRuntime: FATAL EXCEPTION: Thread-2863
               Process: com.example.myapp, PID: 27667
               java.lang.InternalError: Thread starting during runtime shutdown
                   at java.lang.Thread.nativeCreate(Native Method)
                   at java.lang.Thread.start(Thread.java:1063)
                   at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.addWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:920)
                   at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.execute(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1336)
                   at com.android.okhttp.ConnectionPool.get(ConnectionPool.java:211)
                   at com.android.okhttp.internal.http.RouteSelector.next(RouteSelector.java:109)
                   at com.android.okhttp.internal.http.HttpEngine.connect(HttpEngine.java:368)
                   at com.android.okhttp.internal.http.HttpEngine.sendRequest(HttpEngine.java:296)
                   at com.android.okhttp.internal.http.HttpURLConnectionImpl.execute(HttpURLConnectionImpl.java:399)
                   at com.android.okhttp.internal.http.HttpURLConnectionImpl.connect(HttpURLConnectionImpl.java:110)
                   at org.acra.e.b.a(HttpRequest.java:122)
                   at org.acra.sender.HttpSender.a(HttpSender.java:245)
                   at org.acra.af.a(SendWorker.java:181)
                   at org.acra.af.a(SendWorker.java:140)
                   at org.acra.af.run(SendWorker.java:76)
01-06 11:48:58.503 1038-1476/? W/ActivityManager:   Force finishing activity com.example.myapp/.SplashActivity

看来我在proguard-rules.pro 文件中指定的keep 规则没有被使用，因为找不到com.example.myapp.SplashActivity 类。

我检查了Android Developers ProGuard 页面，看起来我已经正确设置了所有内容，所以我不知道为什么它不起作用。

任何人都可以建议我需要做什么才能最终得到一个有效的混淆 apk 吗？

【问题讨论】：

谢谢，但我不认为我有 DexIndexOverflowException 问题（？） 【参考方案1】：

我发现了问题。它在我项目的 build.gradle 文件中：

// Top-level build file where you can add configuration options common to all sub-projects/modules.

buildscript 
    repositories 
        jcenter()       // This is the default repo
        mavenCentral()  // This is the Maven Central repo
    
    dependencies 
        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:1.3.0'
        classpath 'com.google.gms:google-services:1.5.0-beta2'

        // NOTE: Do not place your application dependencies here; they belong
        // in the individual module build.gradle files
    


allprojects 
    repositories 
        jcenter()       // This is the default repo
        mavenCentral()  // This is the Maven Central repo
    


task clean(type: Delete) 
    delete rootProject.buildDir

解决方案是将classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:1.3.0' 更改为classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:1.5.0'。

（我通过创建一个新的测试项目并比较各个 build.gradle 文件中的值发现了这一点。）

顺便说一句，我的proguard-rules.pro 文件的内容现在只是...

#
# Twitter - start
#

-dontwarn twitter4j.**
-keep class twitter4j.**  *; 

#
# Twitter - end
#


#
# Support library / ShareActionProvider - start
#

-keep class android.support.v7.internal.**  *; 
-keep interface android.support.v7.internal.**  *; 
-keep class android.support.v7.**  *; 
-keep interface android.support.v7.**  *; 

#
# Support library / ShareActionProvider - start
#


#
# ACRA - start
#

#ACRA specifics
# Restore some Source file names and restore approximate line numbers in the stack traces,
# otherwise the stack traces are pretty useless
-keepattributes SourceFile,LineNumberTable

# ACRA needs "annotations" so add this...
# Note: This may already be defined in the default "proguard-android-optimize.txt"
# file in the SDK. If it is, then you don't need to duplicate it. See your
# "project.properties" file to get the path to the default "proguard-android-optimize.txt".
-keepattributes *Annotation*

# keep this class so that logging will show 'ACRA' and not a obfuscated name like 'a'.
# Note: if you are removing log messages elsewhere in this file then this isn't necessary
-keep class org.acra.ACRA 
    *;


# keep this around for some enums that ACRA needs
-keep class org.acra.ReportingInteractionMode 
    *;


-keepnames class org.acra.sender.HttpSender$** 
    *;


-keepnames class org.acra.ReportField 
    *;


# keep this otherwise it is removed by ProGuard
-keep public class org.acra.ErrorReporter 
    public void addCustomData(java.lang.String,java.lang.String);
    public void putCustomData(java.lang.String,java.lang.String);
    public void removeCustomData(java.lang.String);


# keep this otherwise it is removed by ProGuard
-keep public class org.acra.ErrorReporter 
    public void handleSilentException(java.lang.Throwable);


#
# ACRA - end
#

...所以我不需要很多旧指令或 Dhawal 在他的回答中建议的指令。

注意 - 我知道从 ACRA 4.8 起不再需要 ACRA 指令。

【讨论】：

【参考方案2】：

不要使用-keep public class com.example.myapp.SplashActivity

删除 proguard 文件的所有行并使用以下方式，使用此 proguard 不会更改您的应用程序的类名称（添加以下行取决于您的要求，例如您的应用程序没有内容提供程序，然后删除它行）。

-keep public class * extends android.app.Activity
-keep public class * extends android.app.Application
-keep public class * extends android.app.Service
-keep public class * extends android.content.BroadcastReceiver
-keep public class * extends android.content.ContentProvider
-keep public class * extends android.app.backup.BackupAgentHelper
-keep public class * extends android.preference.Preference
-keep public class com.android.vending.licensing.ILicensingService
-keep class org.xmlpull.v1.**  *; 
-dontnote com.android.vending.licensing.ILicensingService

阅读：how to use proguard in android app

【讨论】：

谢谢。我还必须添加-dontwarn twitter4j.** 和-keep class twitter4j.** *; 才能构建应用程序，但在运行时我仍然遇到同样的问题。为了以防万一，我还添加了-keep public class * extends android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity（SplashActivity 是它的直接后代），但这并没有帮助。我还将应用程序的 build.gradle 文件中的行更改为 proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro' 但这也没有任何区别。看来我的 proguard-rules.pro 文件没有被处理... NB - 我执行了一个快速测试（在我的 proguard-rules.pro 文件中引入了一个语法错误，并在我尝试生成签名的 APK 时看到了错误，所以我知道我的 proguard-rules .pro 文件肯定正在被读取。

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