尽管子查询中有 ORA-904,UPDATE 工作正常(但真的非常慢)
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【中文标题】尽管子查询中有 ORA-904,UPDATE 工作正常(但真的非常慢)【英文标题】:UPDATE works OK (but really, really slow) despite ORA-904 in subquery 【发布时间】:2016-11-09 22:09:19 【问题描述】:我在 WHERE 中有一个带有子查询的 UPDATE 语句来查找重复项。子查询本身在运行子查询时会显示错误,但在 UPDATE 语句中运行时不会显示错误,并且 DML 运行正常(但速度很慢)。
查看表格设置:
CREATE TABLE RAW_table
(
ERROR_LEVEL NUMBER(3),
RAW_DATA_ROW_ID INTEGER,
ATTRIBUTE_1 VARCHAR2(4000 BYTE)
)
;
INSERT INTO RAW_table VALUES (0, 2, '509NTQD9Q868');
INSERT INTO RAW_table VALUES (0, 2, '509NTQD9Q868');
INSERT INTO RAW_table VALUES (0, 2, '509NTQD9Q868');
INSERT INTO RAW_table VALUES (0, 3, '509NTVS9Q863');
INSERT INTO RAW_table VALUES (0, 3, '509NTVS9Q863');
INSERT INTO RAW_table VALUES (0, 3, '509NTVS9Q863');
COMMIT;
有错误的查询是:
SELECT UPPER(ATTRIBUTE_1), rid
FROM ( SELECT UPPER(ATTRIBUTE_1)
, ROWID AS rid
, ROW_NUMBER() OVER ( PARTITION BY UPPER (ATTRIBUTE_1) ORDER BY RAW_DATA_ROW_ID) AS RN
FROM RAW_table
)
WHERE RN > 1;
它在运行时给出ORA-00904: "ATTRIBUTE_1": invalid identifier
。
但是,在 WHERE 语句中使用上述查询(截至第 4 行)的以下 DML 工作正常:
set timing on
UPDATE RAW_table
SET ERROR_LEVEL = 4
WHERE (UPPER (ATTRIBUTE_1), ROWID)
IN (SELECT UPPER (ATTRIBUTE_1), rid
FROM (SELECT UPPER (ATTRIBUTE_1), ROWID AS rid
, ROW_NUMBER() OVER ( PARTITION BY UPPER (ATTRIBUTE_1) ORDER BY RAW_DATA_ROW_ID) AS RN
FROM RAW_table
)
WHERE RN > 1
)
;
4 rows updated.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.36
为什么?为什么?为什么?
我预计 UPDATE 也会以 ORA-00904: "ATTRIBUTE_1": invalid identifier
失败。 为什么它不会失败?
然而,真正的问题是不是 UPDATE 真正起作用,而是 它的运行速度真的很慢。
当我将子查询更正为不触发 ORA-00904: "ATTRIBUTE_1": invalid identifier
时:
UPDATE RAW_table
SET ERROR_LEVEL = 4
WHERE (UPPER (ATTRIBUTE_1), ROWID)
IN (SELECT checked_column, rid
FROM (SELECT UPPER (ATTRIBUTE_1) AS checked_column, ROWID AS rid
, ROW_NUMBER() OVER ( PARTITION BY UPPER (ATTRIBUTE_1) ORDER BY RAW_DATA_ROW_ID) AS RN
FROM RAW_table
)
WHERE RN > 1
)
;
在 11000 行的测试数据集上,查询加速了近 400 倍:
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM RAW_table;
COUNT(*)
----------
11004
1 row selected.
更正查询:
1005 rows updated.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.28
使用 ORA-904 查询:
1005 rows updated.
Elapsed: 00:01:48.40
我没有足够的耐心等到 71.000 行测试结束:
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM RAW_table;
COUNT(*)
----------
71475
1 row selected.
Corrected query
11004 rows updated.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.60
Query with ORA-904
30 分钟后取消...
用 ORA-904 解释查询计划:
UPDATE STATEMENT ALL_ROWS Cost: **2 544 985 615** Bytes: 8 464 752 Cardinality: 4 176
7 UPDATE RAW_TABLE
6 FILTER
1 TABLE ACCESS FULL TABLE RAW_TABLE Cost: 54 Bytes: 169 282 878 Cardinality: 83 514
5 VIEW Cost: 30 486 Bytes: 2 087 850 Cardinality: 83 514
4 WINDOW SORT Cost: 30 486 Bytes: 169 282 878 Cardinality: 83 514
3 FILTER
2 TABLE ACCESS FULL TABLE RAW_TABLE Cost: 54 Bytes: 169 282 878 Cardinality: 83 514
解释更正查询的计划:
UPDATE STATEMENT ALL_ROWS Cost: **36 637** Bytes: 3 374 235 Cardinality: 835
7 UPDATE RAW_TABLE
6 HASH JOIN RIGHT SEMI Cost: 36 637 Bytes: 3 374 235 Cardinality: 835
4 VIEW VIEW SYS.VW_NSO_1 Cost: 30 486 Bytes: 168 197 196 Cardinality: 83 514
3 VIEW Cost: 30 486 Bytes: 169 282 878 Cardinality: 83 514
2 WINDOW SORT Cost: 30 486 Bytes: 169 282 878 Cardinality: 83 514
1 TABLE ACCESS FULL TABLE RAW_TABLE Cost: 54 Bytes: 169 282 878 Cardinality: 83 514
5 TABLE ACCESS FULL TABLE RAW_TABLE Cost: 54 Bytes: 169 282 878 Cardinality: 83 514
分析表格后,成本计划是相同的。 用 ORA-904 解释查询计划:
UPDATE STATEMENT ALL_ROWS Cost: **29 381 690** Bytes: 38 Cardinality: 2
7 UPDATE RAW_TABLE
6 FILTER
1 TABLE ACCESS FULL TABLE RAW_TABLE Cost: 54 Bytes: 1 358 025 Cardinality: 71 475
5 VIEW Cost: 427 Bytes: 1 786 875 Cardinality: 71 475
4 WINDOW SORT Cost: 427 Bytes: 1 358 025 Cardinality: 71 475
3 FILTER
2 TABLE ACCESS FULL TABLE RAW_TABLE Cost: 54 Bytes: 1 358 025 Cardinality: 71 475
解释更正查询的计划:
UPDATE STATEMENT ALL_ROWS Cost: **3 123** Bytes: 1 453 595 Cardinality: 715
7 UPDATE RAW_TABLE
6 HASH JOIN SEMI Cost: 3 123 Bytes: 1 453 595 Cardinality: 715
5 VIEW VIEW SYS.VW_NSO_1 Cost: 427 Bytes: 143 950 650 Cardinality: 71 475
4 VIEW Cost: 427 Bytes: 144 879 825 Cardinality: 71 475
3 WINDOW SORT Cost: 427 Bytes: 1 358 025 Cardinality: 71 475
2 TABLE ACCESS FULL TABLE RAW_TABLE Cost: 54 Bytes: 1 358 025 Cardinality: 71 475
1 TABLE ACCESS FULL TABLE RAW_TABLE Cost: 54 Bytes: 1 358 025 Cardinality: 71 475
解释计划成本说明了一切,但为什么会有如此大的不同?
我刚刚再次触发了 71.000 行测试,在计算表上的统计信息后,但它已经运行了几分钟......
这一切都在 Oracle Database 12c 企业版版本 12.1.0.2.0 - 64 位上。
【问题讨论】:
【参考方案1】:您的SELECT
失败,因为子查询中没有名为ATTRIBUTE_1
的列。您需要指定名称:
SELECT UPPER(ATTRIBUTE_1), rid
FROM ( SELECT UPPER(ATTRIBUTE_1) as ATTRIBUTE_1,
ROWID AS rid,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY UPPER(ATTRIBUTE_1) ORDER BY RAW_DATA_ROW_ID) AS RN
FROM RAW_table
)
WHERE RN > 1;
UPDATE
不会产生错误,因为它从外部查询中提取值:
UPDATE RAW_table
-------^
| SET ERROR_LEVEL = 4
| WHERE (UPPER (ATTRIBUTE_1), ROWID) IN
| (SELECT checked_column, rid
| FROM (SELECT UPPER(ATTRIBUTE_1) AS checked_column, ROWID AS rid,
------------------------------^ This is interpreted as RAW_table.ATTRIBUTE_1
ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY UPPER(ATTRIBUTE_1) ORDER BY RAW_DATA_ROW_ID) AS RN
FROM RAW_table
)
WHERE RN > 1
)
这种相关性可能不是您想要的,也是我建议列名始终被限定(即包含表别名)的原因之一。
【讨论】:
我认为您想用错误(没有checked_column
别名)评论查询并将ASCII艺术放在下一行。无论如何,非常感谢,因为我终于明白了!【参考方案2】:
这就是别名非常非常有用的原因。
在查询中
UPDATE RAW_table
SET ERROR_LEVEL = 4
WHERE (UPPER (ATTRIBUTE_1), ROWID)
IN (SELECT UPPER (ATTRIBUTE_1), rid
FROM (SELECT UPPER (ATTRIBUTE_1), ROWID AS rid
, ROW_NUMBER() OVER ( PARTITION BY UPPER (ATTRIBUTE_1)
ORDER BY RAW_DATA_ROW_ID) AS RN
FROM RAW_table
)
WHERE RN > 1
)
SELECT UPPER (ATTRIBUTE_1)
是有效的,因为它可以解析为对您正在更新的表的引用,而不是对FROM
中的表的引用。使用别名,该查询相当于
UPDATE RAW_table dest
SET dest.ERROR_LEVEL = 4
WHERE (UPPER (dest.ATTRIBUTE_1), ROWID)
IN (SELECT UPPER (dest.ATTRIBUTE_1), src.rid
FROM (SELECT UPPER (rt.ATTRIBUTE_1), rt.ROWID AS rid
, ROW_NUMBER() OVER ( PARTITION BY UPPER (rt.ATTRIBUTE_1)
ORDER BY rt.RAW_DATA_ROW_ID) AS RN
FROM RAW_table rt
) src
WHERE src.rid > 1
)
当然,如果你是这样写的,很明显你引用的是dest.attribute_1
而不是src.attribute_1
。这(以及许多其他原因)就是为什么给列加上别名是个好主意——它可以清楚地说明您打算引用哪个对象,并在预期引用无效时抛出错误,而不是可能将其解析为您没有的东西打算。
【讨论】:
呃..它是,当你展示的时候很明显。并解释这个相关的解释计划......顺便说一句,我认为你的意思是WHERE src.RN> 1
而不是WHERE src.rid > 1
。【参考方案3】:
SELECT UPPER(ATTRIBUTE_1), rid
FROM ( SELECT UPPER(ATTRIBUTE_1) ATTRIBUTE_1
, ROWID AS rid
, ROW_NUMBER() OVER ( PARTITION BY UPPER (ATTRIBUTE_1) ORDER BY RAW_DATA_ROW_ID) AS RN
FROM RAW_table
)
WHERE RN > 1
【讨论】:
【参考方案4】:也许这些版本更快(至少它们更紧凑):
UPDATE RAW_table
SET ERROR_LEVEL = 4
WHERE ROWID <>ALL (SELECT MIN(ROWID) FROM RAW_table GROUP BY UPPER(ATTRIBUTE_1));
UPDATE RAW_table
SET ERROR_LEVEL = 4
WHERE ROWID <>ALL (SELECT FIRST_VALUE(ROWID) OVER (PARTITION BY UPPER(ATTRIBUTE_1) ORDER BY RAW_DATA_ROW_ID) FROM RAW_table);
注意,<>ALL
等同于 NOT IN
- 使用 <>ALL
只是我个人的偏好。
【讨论】:
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