如何使用Delphi获取网卡的MAC地址？

Posted 2023-02-16

【中文标题】如何使用Delphi获取网卡的MAC地址？

【英文标题】：How do I get the MAC address of a network card using Delphi?

【发布时间】：2009-02-23 09:56:13

【问题描述】：

如何使用 Delphi 获取网卡的 MacAddress？

【参考方案1】：

从Project JEDI API Header Library 获取 Microsoft IP 帮助程序库的 JEDI 转换 - 文件是 IPHlpAPI.zip。解压文件，需要 IpTypes.pas 和 IpHlpApi.pas。然后你可以使用这样的东西：

procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
var
  NumInterfaces: Cardinal;
  AdapterInfo: array of TIpAdapterInfo;
  OutBufLen: ULONG;
  i: integer;
begin
  GetNumberOfInterfaces(NumInterfaces);
  SetLength(AdapterInfo, NumInterfaces);
  OutBufLen := NumInterfaces * SizeOf(TIpAdapterInfo);
  GetAdaptersInfo(@AdapterInfo[0], OutBufLen);

  Memo1.Lines.Clear;
  for i := 0 to NumInterfaces - 1 do begin
    Memo1.Lines.Add(Format('%.2x:%.2x:%.2x:%.2x:%.2x:%.2x',
      [AdapterInfo[i].Address[0], AdapterInfo[i].Address[1],
       AdapterInfo[i].Address[2], AdapterInfo[i].Address[3],
       AdapterInfo[i].Address[4], AdapterInfo[i].Address[5]]));
  end;
end;

（所有错误处理都省略了，你当然应该添加它。）

【讨论】：

我用过它，对我来说它把所有的 MAC 地址都设为 00:00:00:00:00:00 。我可能做错了什么？我使用 OutBufLen 作为 Cardinal 而不是这里提到的 ULONG。

@Sanju：没有任何类型的错误检查，因此这可能只是 API 调用失败后的零填充（未初始化）内存。尝试为GetAdaptersInfo() 的结果添加检查。另外，尝试以管理员身份运行它。

IPHlpAPI.zip 不再可用。我在哪里可以找到它？

@Hwau 使用这个网址：github.com/project-jedi/website/tree/master/delphi-jedi.org/www/…

【参考方案2】：

GetAdaptersAddresses function 是自 2001 年以来使用 Windows XP 获取适配器信息的首选方式。

适配器的信息在IP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES structure 中由AdapterAddresses 参数返回。

GetAdaptersAddresses 函数可以检索 IPv4 和 IPv6 地址的信息。

调用GetAdaptersAddresses函数的推荐方法是预先分配AdapterAddresses参数指向的15KB工作缓冲区。在典型的计算机上，这大大降低了GetAdaptersAddresses 函数返回ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW 的机会，这需要多次调用GetAdaptersAddresses 函数。

---

procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
const
  AF_UNSPEC = 0;
  GAA_FLAG_INCLUDE_ALL_INTERFACES = $100;
  WORKING_BUFFER_SIZE = 15000;
  MAX_TRIES = 3;
var
  pAddresses,
  pCurrAddresses: PIpAdapterAddresses;
  dwRetVal,
  outBufLen: Cardinal;
  i: Integer;
  macAddress: string;
begin
  Memo1.Lines.Clear;

  outBufLen := WORKING_BUFFER_SIZE;
  pAddresses := nil;
  i := 0;
  repeat
    if Assigned(pAddresses) then
      FreeMem(pAddresses);

    GetMem(pAddresses, outBufLen);
    if not Assigned(pAddresses) then
      raise Exception.Create('Memory allocation failed for IP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES struct');

    dwRetVal := GetAdaptersAddresses(AF_UNSPEC, GAA_FLAG_INCLUDE_ALL_INTERFACES, nil, pAddresses, @outBufLen);
    Inc(i);
  until (dwRetVal <> ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW) or (i = MAX_TRIES);

  try
    if NO_ERROR <> dwRetVal then begin
      if ERROR_NO_DATA = dwRetVal then begin
        MessageDlg('No addresses were found for the requested parameters', mtInformation, [mbOK], 0);
        Exit;
      end
      else
        raise Exception.Create(SysErrorMessage(dwRetVal));
    end;

    pCurrAddresses := pAddresses;
    while Assigned(pCurrAddresses) do begin
      if pCurrAddresses^.PhysicalAddressLength > 0 then begin
        Memo1.Lines.Add(pCurrAddresses^.FriendlyName);
        macAddress := '';
        for i := 0 to pCurrAddresses^.PhysicalAddressLength - 1 do begin
          if i > 0 then
            macAddress := macAddress + ':';
          macAddress := macAddress + Format('%.2X', [pCurrAddresses^.PhysicalAddress[i]]);
        end;
        Memo1.Lines.Add(macAddress);
        Memo1.Lines.Add('');
      end;
      pCurrAddresses := pCurrAddresses^.Next;
    end;

  finally
    if Assigned(pAddresses) then
      FreeMem(pAddresses);
  end;
end;

【参考方案3】：

如果你有 Indy，那么你可以使用 MB30（代码取自 https://www.swissdelphicenter.ch/en/showcode.php?id=651）

uses classes, sysUtils, NB30;

function GetMACAdress: TStringList;
var
  NCB: PNCB;
  Adapter: PAdapterStatus;

  URetCode: PChar;
  RetCode: char;
  I: integer;
  Lenum: PlanaEnum;
  _SystemID: string;
  TMPSTR: string;

begin
  Result    := TStringList.create();
  _SystemID := '';
  Getmem(NCB, SizeOf(TNCB));
  Fillchar(NCB^, SizeOf(TNCB), 0);

  Getmem(Lenum, SizeOf(TLanaEnum));
  Fillchar(Lenum^, SizeOf(TLanaEnum), 0);

  Getmem(Adapter, SizeOf(TAdapterStatus));
  Fillchar(Adapter^, SizeOf(TAdapterStatus), 0);

  Lenum.Length    := chr(0);
  NCB.ncb_command := chr(NCBENUM);
  NCB.ncb_buffer  := Pointer(Lenum);
  NCB.ncb_length  := SizeOf(Lenum);
  RetCode         := Netbios(NCB);

  try
    i := 0;
    repeat
      Fillchar(NCB^, SizeOf(TNCB), 0);
      Ncb.ncb_command  := chr(NCBRESET);
      Ncb.ncb_lana_num := lenum.lana[I];
      RetCode          := Netbios(Ncb);

      Fillchar(NCB^, SizeOf(TNCB), 0);
      Ncb.ncb_command  := chr(NCBASTAT);
      Ncb.ncb_lana_num := lenum.lana[I];
      // Must be 16
      Ncb.ncb_callname := '*               ';

      Ncb.ncb_buffer := Pointer(Adapter);

      Ncb.ncb_length := SizeOf(TAdapterStatus);
      RetCode        := Netbios(Ncb);
      //---- calc _systemId from mac-address[2-5] XOR mac-address[1]...
      if (RetCode = chr(0)) or (RetCode = chr(6)) then
      begin
        _SystemId := IntToHex(Ord(Adapter.adapter_address[0]), 2) + '-' +
          IntToHex(Ord(Adapter.adapter_address[1]), 2) + '-' +
          IntToHex(Ord(Adapter.adapter_address[2]), 2) + '-' +
          IntToHex(Ord(Adapter.adapter_address[3]), 2) + '-' +
          IntToHex(Ord(Adapter.adapter_address[4]), 2) + '-' +
          IntToHex(Ord(Adapter.adapter_address[5]), 2);

        if (_SystemID <> '00-00-00-00-00-00') and (Result.IndexOf(_SystemID)=-1) then
         Result.add(_SystemId);
      end;
      Inc(i);
    until (I >= Ord(Lenum.Length));
  finally
   FreeMem(NCB);
   FreeMem(Adapter);
   FreeMem(Lenum);
  end;
end;

【参考方案4】：

几乎不了解 delphi，如何运行 %system32%\ipconfig.exe /all 并解析输出？

【讨论】：

输出可能是本地化的，因此解析需要针对不同版本的 Windows 进行测试 - 从阿富汗到津巴布韦

最糟糕的方法，除了本地化之外，Windows 版本之间的输出可能会发生变化、添加 IPv6、额外的网卡并且没有错误处理。