如何在OpenGL中映射球体表面上的点击点？

Posted 2023-02-16

【中文标题】如何在OpenGL中映射球体表面上的点击点？

【英文标题】：How to map clicked point on surface of a sphere in OpenGL?

【发布时间】：2019-12-03 21:16:44

【问题描述】：

我希望能够在 OpenGL 中单击球体表面上的一个点。这是我目前所拥有的：

#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>

#include "GL/freeglut.h"
#include "glm/glm.hpp"
#include "quaternion.h"

const GLsizei WINDOW_WIDTH = 640;
const GLsizei WINDOW_HEIGHT = 640;

int mouse_x = 0;
int mouse_y = 0;

float zoom = 1.0f;
float zoom_sensitivity = 0.1f;
const float zoom_max = 1.5f;
const float zoom_min = 0.1f;

bool clicked = false;
glm::vec3 pointClick;

glm::vec3 GetOGLPos(int x, int y);

void display(void) 

    // Clear display port
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
    glLoadIdentity();

    // Reset camera
    gluLookAt(
        0.0, 0.0, 2.0,
        0.0, 0.0, 0.0,
        0.0, 1.0, 0.0
    );

    // Zoom
    glScalef(zoom, zoom, zoom);


    // Render sphere
    glPushMatrix();
    glTranslatef(0, 0, 0);
    glColor3f(1, 0, 0);
    glutSolidSphere(1, 64, 64);
    glPopMatrix();

    // Render point
    if (clicked == true) 
        glPushMatrix();
        glColor3f(0, 1, 0);
        glPointSize(0.5f);
        glBegin(GL_POINTS);
        glVertex3f(pointClick.x, pointClick.y, pointClick.z);
        printf("%f, %f, %f\n", pointClick.x, pointClick.y, pointClick.z);
        glEnd();
        glPopMatrix();
    

    // Swap buffers
    glutSwapBuffers();


void reshape(GLsizei width, GLsizei height) 
    if (height == 0) 
        height = 1;
    
    float ratio = 1.0 * width / height;
    glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
    glLoadIdentity();
    glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
    gluPerspective(45, ratio, 1, 100);
    glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);


// Handles mouse input for camera rotation.
void motion(int x, int y) 
    pointClick = GetOGLPos(x, y);
    clicked = true;
    glutPostRedisplay();


// Handles scroll input for zoom.
void mouseWheel(int button, int state, int x, int y) 
    if (state == 1) 
        zoom = zoom + zoom_sensitivity >= zoom_max ? zoom_max : zoom + zoom_sensitivity;
    
    else if (state == -1) 
        zoom = zoom - zoom_sensitivity <= zoom_min ? zoom_min : zoom - zoom_sensitivity;
    
    glutPostRedisplay();



int main(int argc, char** argv) 

    // Initialize glut.
    glutInit(&argc, argv);
    glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_DOUBLE);
    glutInitWindowPosition(
        (glutGet(GLUT_SCREEN_WIDTH) - WINDOW_WIDTH) / 2,
        (glutGet(GLUT_SCREEN_HEIGHT) - WINDOW_HEIGHT) / 2
    );
    glutInitWindowSize(WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_HEIGHT);
    glutCreateWindow("Window");

    // Register callbacks.
    glutDisplayFunc(display);
    glutReshapeFunc(reshape);
    glutMotionFunc(motion);
    glutMouseWheelFunc(mouseWheel);

    // Start glut.
    glutMainLoop();

    return 0;


// Get position of click in 3-d space
glm::vec3 GetOGLPos(int x, int y)

    GLint viewport[4];
    GLdouble modelview[16];
    GLdouble projection[16];
    GLfloat winX, winY, winZ;
    GLdouble posX, posY, posZ;

    glGetDoublev(GL_MODELVIEW_MATRIX, modelview);
    glGetDoublev(GL_PROJECTION_MATRIX, projection);
    glGetIntegerv(GL_VIEWPORT, viewport);

    winX = (float)x;
    winY = (float)viewport[3] - (float)y;
    glReadPixels(x, int(winY), 1, 1, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT, GL_FLOAT, &winZ);

    gluUnProject(winX, winY, winZ, modelview, projection, viewport, &posX, &posY, &posZ);
    return glm::vec3(posX, posY, posZ);

这是视觉输出：

这会在屏幕上渲染一个点，但它不在球体“上”。我想知道如何将这个点放在球体的表面上，所以如果我要旋转和缩放相机，这个点会留在同一个地方。如何将点“投影”到球体表面？

【参考方案1】：

您首先要将光标转换为世界中的一条射线，然后执行射线-球体相交测试以确定射线与球体相交的位置。您可以阅读这篇关于如何将光标转换为世界中的射线的文章：http://antongerdelan.net/opengl/raycasting.html。