Java swing 动画看起来很不稳定。如何让它看起来很专业?
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【中文标题】Java swing 动画看起来很不稳定。如何让它看起来很专业?【英文标题】:Java swing animation looks choppy. How to make it look pro? 【发布时间】:2011-05-03 17:20:56 【问题描述】:更新:半复杂动画 + 摆动计时器 = trainwreck。问题的最终根源是 java 计时器,无论是 swing 版本还是实用程序版本。它们不可靠,尤其是在跨操作系统比较性能时。通过实现普通线程,程序在所有系统上都运行得非常流畅。 http://zetcode.com/tutorials/javagamestutorial/animation/。此外,将 Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().sync() 添加到 paintComponent() 方法中会有明显帮助。
我在 awt.Applet 中编写了一些动画流畅的代码(但会闪烁),然后我将其重构为 java swing。现在它不闪烁,但看起来波涛汹涌。我弄乱了计时器,但这不起作用。任何有关平滑动画摆动组件的提示或建议将不胜感激。
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.awt.event.;
import java.awt.;
import javax.swing.*;
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
public class Ball extends JApplet
public static void main(String[] args)
SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable()
public void run()
JFrame frame = new JFrame();
frame.setTitle("And so the ball rolls");
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
initContainer(frame);
frame.pack();
frame.setVisible(true);
);
public static void initContainer(Container container)
GraphicsPanel graphicsPanel = new GraphicsPanel();
MainPanel mainPanel = new MainPanel(graphicsPanel);
container.add(mainPanel);
graphicsPanel.startTimer();
@Override
public void init()
initContainer(this);
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
class MainPanel extends JPanel
JLabel label = new JLabel("Particles");
GraphicsPanel gPanel;
public MainPanel(GraphicsPanel gPanel)
this.gPanel = gPanel;
add(gPanel);
add(label);
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
class GraphicsPanel extends JPanel implements MouseListener
private ArrayList<Particle> ballArr = new ArrayList<Particle>();
private String state="s"; //"s"=spiral, "p"=particle
private int speed=10; //~20 Hz
private Timer timer;
public GraphicsPanel()
System.out.println("echo from gpanel");
setPreferredSize(new Dimension(500,500));
timer = new Timer(speed, new TimerListener());
addMouseListener(this);
public void startTimer()
timer.start();
@Override
public void paintComponent(Graphics g)
super.paintComponent(g);
for (Particle b: ballArr)
g.setColor(b.getColor());
g.fillOval(b.getXCoor(),b.getYCoor(),
b.getTheSize(),b.getTheSize());
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e)
ballArr.add(new Particle(e.getX(), e.getY(), state));
public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e)
public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e)
public void mouseExited(MouseEvent e)
public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e)
class TimerListener implements ActionListener
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)
for (Particle b: ballArr)
b.move();
setBackground(Color.WHITE);
repaint();
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
class Particle
private static int instanceCount; instanceCount++;
private int z = 11, t=1, u=1;
private int[] RGB = new int[3];
private int[] randomizeColor = new int[3];
private double radius, theta;
private int x, y, centerX, centerY, size, spiralDirection=1,
ballSizeLowerBound, ballSizeUpperBound,
radiusLowerBound, radiusUpperBound,
mouseInputX, mouseInputY,
radiusXMultiplier, radiusYMultiplier;
private Color color;
private String state;
private Random random = new Random();
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
public Particle(int x, int y, int centerX, int centerY, int radius,
int theta, int size, Color color)
this.x=x;this.y=y;this.centerX=centerX;this.centerY=centerY;
this.radius=radius;this.theta=theta;this.size=size;this.color=color;
public Particle(int mouseInputX, int mouseInputY, String state)
this.mouseInputX=mouseInputX;
this.mouseInputY=mouseInputY;
this.state=state;
//randomize color
RGB[0] = random.nextInt(252);
RGB[1] = random.nextInt(252);
RGB[2] = random.nextInt(252);
randomizeColor[0] = 1+random.nextInt(3);
randomizeColor[0] = 1+random.nextInt(3);
randomizeColor[0] = 1+random.nextInt(3);
centerX=mouseInputX;
centerY=mouseInputY;
if (state.equals("s")) //setup spiral state
ballSizeLowerBound=5;
ballSizeUpperBound=18;
radiusLowerBound=0;
radiusUpperBound=50;
radiusXMultiplier=1;
radiusYMultiplier=1;
if (state.equals("p")) //setup particle state
ballSizeLowerBound = 15;
ballSizeUpperBound =20 + random.nextInt(15);
radiusLowerBound = 5;
radiusUpperBound = 15+ random.nextInt(34);
radiusXMultiplier=1 + random.nextInt(3);
radiusYMultiplier=1 + random.nextInt(3);
size = ballSizeUpperBound-1; //ball size
radius = radiusUpperBound-1;
if (instanceCount %2 == 0) // alternate spiral direction
spiralDirection=-spiralDirection;
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
public int getXCoor()return centerX+x*spiralDirection;
public int getYCoor()return centerY+y;
public int getTheSize()return size;
public Color getColor()return color;
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void move()
//spiral: dr/dt changes at bounds
if (radius > radiusUpperBound || radius < radiusLowerBound)
u = -u;
//spiral shape formula: parametric equation for the
//polar equation radius = theta
x = (int) (radius * radiusXMultiplier * Math.cos(theta));
y = (int) (radius * radiusYMultiplier * Math.sin(theta));
radius += .1*u;
theta += .1;
//ball size formula
if (size == ballSizeUpperBound || size == ballSizeLowerBound)
t = -t;
size += t;
//ball colors change
for (int i = 0; i < RGB.length; i++)
if (RGB[i] >= 250 || RGB[i] <= 4)
randomizeColor[i] = -randomizeColor[i];
RGB[0]+= randomizeColor[0];
RGB[1]+= randomizeColor[1];
RGB[2]+= randomizeColor[2];
color = new Color(RGB[0],RGB[1],RGB[2]);
【问题讨论】:
似乎 OTN (forums.oracle.com/forums/thread.jspa?threadID=2123460) 上也有人问过这个问题。 安德鲁汤普森:论坛警察 遇到了同样的问题......虽然基于线程的方法有所帮助,但您使用 Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().sync() 的技巧确实使我的动画变得平滑。谢谢! 【参考方案1】:不要设置固定间隔计时器。将计时器设置为关闭一次 -- 在处理程序中
-
获取当前时间(保存在frameStartTime中)
做你的框架
将定时器设置为关闭时间:interval - (newCurrentTime - frameStartTime)
应该更流畅。如果您想成为真正的专业人士(并继续使用 Java),我认为您必须考虑 JavaFX。
【讨论】:
考虑 JavaFX? :) 严重地? :) 在 Indeed.com 上对“\"java fx\"" 的职位查询返回了全国 16 个结果以上是关于Java swing 动画看起来很不稳定。如何让它看起来很专业?的主要内容,如果未能解决你的问题,请参考以下文章
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