无法通过具有长定义的 vba 在 Access 中运行查询

Posted 2023-03-23

【中文标题】无法通过具有长定义的 vba 在 Access 中运行查询

【英文标题】：Can't run query in Access via vba with a long definition

【发布时间】：2015-06-26 23:18:32

【问题描述】：

我得到了一个很长的查询定义，当它在 Access GUI 中运行时它可以工作。我不想将它保存为最终用户可能会意外运行的 Query 对象，因此我想通过 VBA 运行它。当我尝试使用 DoCmd.RunSQL 运行它时，它会抛出一个错误：

“RunSQL 操作需要一个由 SQL 语句组成的参数。”

当我尝试使用 mydatabase.Execute 时，我得到：

“Microsoft Access 引擎找不到输入表或查询 ''。请确保它存在并且其名称拼写正确。”

我做了一个 Debug.Print 并将输出复制到 Access GUI 中的一个查询中，在清理线路制动器后，立即窗口添加了查询运行良好。查询字符串的长度为 5,293 个字符。任何帮助将不胜感激。

Dim dBase As Database
Set dBase = CurrentDb()
Dim stringSQL_3 As String
stringSQL_3 = _
"INSERT INTO Measurement_Period_History ( EMPLOYEE_NUMBER, PERIOD_START, PERIOD_END, DATE_REVIEWED, AVERAGE_HOURS, PERIOD_YEAR, PERIOD_TYPE_ID,  FIRST_PAY_WEEK, LAST_PAY_WEEK ) " & _
"SELECT FinalData.EMPLOYEE_NUMBER " & _
    ",FinalData.START_PERIOD " & _
    ",FinalData.END_PERIOD " & _
    ",Now() AS DATE_REVIEWED " & _
    ",IIF(FinalData.FLSA = 2, 40.00, SUM(FinalData.HOURS) / 52) AS AVERAGE_HOURS " & _
    ",Cint(FinalData.PERIOD_YEAR) AS PERIOD_YEAR " & _
    ",FinalData.PERIOD_TYPE_ID " & _
    ",FinalData.FIRST_PAY_WEEK " & _
    ",FinalData.LAST_PAY_WEEK "

stringSQL_3 = stringSQL_3 & _
"FROM ( " & _
    "SELECT MeasurementData.EMPLOYEE_NUMBER " & _
        ",MeasurementData.FLSA " & _
        ",MeasurementData.STARTING_HIRE_DATE " & _
        ",MeasurementData.VARIABLE_EMPLOYEE " & _
        ",MeasurementData.START_PERIOD " & _
        ",MeasurementData.END_PERIOD " & _
        ",MeasurementData.PERIOD_TYPE_ID " & _
        ",MeasurementData.PRIOR_PERIOD_START " & _
        ",MeasurementData.PERIOD_YEAR " & _
        ",MeasurementData.FIRST_PAY_WEEK " & _
        ",MeasurementData.LAST_PAY_WEEK " & _
        ",IIf(IsNull(Payroll_History.HOURS), 0, Payroll_History.HOURS) AS HOURS "

stringSQL_3 = stringSQL_3 & _
    "FROM Payroll_History " & _
    "RIGHT JOIN ( " & _
        "SELECT BaseData.EMPLOYEE_NUMBER " & _
            ",BaseData.FLSA " & _
            ",BaseData.STARTING_HIRE_DATE " & _
            ",BaseData.VARIABLE_EMPLOYEE " & _
            ",BaseData.START_PERIOD " & _
            ",BaseData.END_PERIOD " & _
            ",BaseData.PERIOD_TYPE_ID " & _
            ",BaseData.PRIOR_PERIOD_START " & _
            ",BaseData.PERIOD_YEAR " & _
            ",DateAdd('d', 3, DateAdd('ww', - 52, DateAdd('d', - 2, DateAdd('ww', DateDiff('ww', 0, DateAdd('ww', IIf(DatePart('w', " & _
            "BaseData.END_PERIOD) >= 5, 0, - 1), BaseData.END_PERIOD)), 0)))) AS FIRST_PAY_WEEK " & _
            ",DateAdd('d', - 2, DateAdd('ww', DateDiff('ww', 0, DateAdd('ww', IIf(DatePart('w', BaseData.END_PERIOD) >= 5, 0, - 1), " & _
            "BaseData.END_PERIOD)), 0)) AS LAST_PAY_WEEK "

stringSQL_3 = stringSQL_3 & _
        "FROM ( " & _
            "SELECT ElgEmployees.EMPLOYEE_NUMBER " & _
                ",ElgEmployees.FLSA " & _
                ",ElgEmployees.STARTING_HIRE_DATE " & _
                ",ElgEmployees.VARIABLE_EMPLOYEE " & _
                ",IIF(ElgEmployees.VARIABLE_EMPLOYEE = No, DateSerial(" & DatePickerYear & " - 1, 4, 1), " & _
                "IIF(PeriodInfo.PRIOR_PERIOD_START IS NOT NULL, DateSerial(" & DatePickerYear & " - 1, DatePart('m', " & _
                "PeriodInfo.PRIOR_PERIOD_START), 1), DateSerial(" & DatePickerYear & " - 1, DatePart('m', ElgEmployees.STARTING_HIRE_DATE), 1))) AS START_PERIOD " & _
                ",IIF(ElgEmployees.VARIABLE_EMPLOYEE = No, DateAdd('d', - 1, DateSerial(" & DatePickerYear & ", 4, 1)), DateAdd('d', - 1, " & _
                "IIF(PeriodInfo.PRIOR_PERIOD_START IS NOT NULL, DateSerial(" & DatePickerYear & ", DatePart('m', PeriodInfo.PRIOR_PERIOD_START), 1), " & _
                "DateSerial(" & DatePickerYear & ", DatePart('m', ElgEmployees.STARTING_HIRE_DATE), 1)))) AS END_PERIOD " & _
                "," & DatePickerYear & " AS PERIOD_YEAR " & _
                ",PeriodInfo.PERIOD_TYPE_ID " & _
                ",PeriodInfo.PRIOR_PERIOD_START "

stringSQL_3 = stringSQL_3 & _
            "FROM ( " & _
                "SELECT Employee.EMPLOYEE_NUMBER " & _
                    ",Employee.FLSA " & _
                    ",Employee.VARIABLE_EMPLOYEE " & _
                    ",IIf(Day(Employee.CURRENT_HIRE_DATE) = 1, Employee.CURRENT_HIRE_DATE, DateSerial(DatePart('yyyy', DateAdd('m', 1, " & _
                    "Employee.CURRENT_HIRE_DATE)), DatePart('m', DateAdd('m', 1, Employee.CURRENT_HIRE_DATE)), 1)) AS STARTING_HIRE_DATE "

stringSQL_3 = stringSQL_3 & _
                "FROM Employee " & _
                "WHERE ( " & _
                        "((Employee.EMPLOYEE_NUMBER)" & EmployeeNumberText & ") " & _
                        "AND ((IIf(Day(Employee.CURRENT_HIRE_DATE) = 1, Employee.CURRENT_HIRE_DATE, DateSerial(DatePart('yyyy', DateAdd('m', 1, " & _
                        "Employee.CURRENT_HIRE_DATE)), DatePart('m', DateAdd('m', 1, Employee.CURRENT_HIRE_DATE)), 1))) < DateAdd('y', - 1, DATE ())) " & _
                        "AND ((Employee.CURRENT_TERMINATION_DATE) IS NULL) " & _
                        ") " & _
                ") AS ElgEmployees " & _
            "INNER JOIN ( " & _
                "SELECT Employee.EMPLOYEE_NUMBER " & _
                    ",IIF(Measurement_Period_History.PERIOD_YEAR <> " & DatePickerYear & " - 1, NULL, Measurement_Period_History.PERIOD_YEAR) AS PRIOR_PERIOD_YEAR " & _
                    ",IIF(Measurement_Period_History.PERIOD_YEAR <> " & DatePickerYear & " - 1, IIF(Employee.VARIABLE_EMPLOYEE = No, 2, 0), " & _
                    "IIF(Employee.VARIABLE_EMPLOYEE = No, 2, IIF(Measurement_Period_History.PERIOD_END < Employee.CURRENT_HIRE_DATE, 0, " & _
                    "IIF(Measurement_Period_History.AVERAGE_HOURS >= 30, 1, 0)))) AS PERIOD_TYPE_ID " & _
                    ",IIF(Measurement_Period_History.PERIOD_YEAR <> " & DatePickerYear & " - 1, NULL, IIF(Measurement_Period_History.PERIOD_END < " & _
                    "Employee.CURRENT_HIRE_DATE, NULL, Measurement_Period_History.PERIOD_END)) AS PRIOR_PERIOD_END " & _
                    ",IIF(Measurement_Period_History.PERIOD_YEAR <> " & DatePickerYear & " - 1, NULL, IIF(Measurement_Period_History.PERIOD_END < " & _
                    "Employee.CURRENT_HIRE_DATE, NULL, Measurement_Period_History.PERIOD_START)) AS PRIOR_PERIOD_START "

stringSQL_3 = stringSQL_3 & _
                "FROM Measurement_Period_History " & _
                "RIGHT JOIN Employee ON Measurement_Period_History.EMPLOYEE_NUMBER = Employee.EMPLOYEE_NUMBER " & _
                "WHERE ((Employee.CURRENT_TERMINATION_DATE) Is Null) AND (Employee.EMPLOYEE_NUMBER" & EmployeeNumberText & ") " & _
                "GROUP BY Employee.EMPLOYEE_NUMBER " & _
                    ",IIF(Measurement_Period_History.PERIOD_YEAR <> " & DatePickerYear & " - 1, NULL, Measurement_Period_History.PERIOD_YEAR) " & _
                    ",IIF(Measurement_Period_History.PERIOD_YEAR <> " & DatePickerYear & " - 1, IIF(Employee.VARIABLE_EMPLOYEE = No, 2, 0), " & _
                    "IIF(Employee.VARIABLE_EMPLOYEE = No, 2, IIF(Measurement_Period_History.PERIOD_END < Employee.CURRENT_HIRE_DATE, 0, " & _
                    "IIF(Measurement_Period_History.AVERAGE_HOURS >= 30, 1, 0)))) " & _
                    ",IIF(Measurement_Period_History.PERIOD_YEAR <> " & DatePickerYear & " - 1, NULL, IIF(Measurement_Period_History.PERIOD_END < " & _
                    "Employee.CURRENT_HIRE_DATE, NULL, Measurement_Period_History.PERIOD_END)) " & _
                    ",IIF(Measurement_Period_History.PERIOD_YEAR <> " & DatePickerYear & " - 1, NULL, IIF(Measurement_Period_History.PERIOD_END < " & _
                    "Employee.CURRENT_HIRE_DATE, NULL, Measurement_Period_History.PERIOD_START)) " & _
                ") AS PeriodInfo ON ElgEmployees.EMPLOYEE_NUMBER = PeriodInfo.EMPLOYEE_NUMBER " & _
            ") AS BaseData " & _
        ") AS MeasurementData ON Payroll_History.EMPLOYEE_NUMBER = MeasurementData.EMPLOYEE_NUMBER " & _
    "WHERE ((Payroll_History.PAY_DATE) Is Null) " & _
        "OR ( " & _
            "(Payroll_History.PAY_DATE) >= MeasurementData.FIRST_PAY_WEEK " & _
            "AND (Payroll_History.PAY_DATE) <= MeasurementData.LAST_PAY_WEEK " & _
            ") " & _
    ") AS FinalData "

stringSQL_3 = stringSQL_3 & _
"WHERE LAST_PAY_WEEK < Now() " & _
"GROUP BY EMPLOYEE_NUMBER " & _
    ",FLSA " & _
    ",STARTING_HIRE_DATE " & _
    ",VARIABLE_EMPLOYEE " & _
    ",START_PERIOD " & _
    ",END_PERIOD " & _
    ",PERIOD_TYPE_ID " & _
    ",PRIOR_PERIOD_START " & _
    ",PERIOD_YEAR " & _
    ",FIRST_PAY_WEEK " & _
    ",LAST_PAY_WEEK "


    Debug.Print stringSQL_3
    Debug.Print Len(stringSQL_3)
    dBase.Execute string_3

【问题讨论】：

当您收到来自dBase.Execute string_3 的错误时，string_3 中包含的字符串是什么？

并非没有，但我很确定这是保存查询存在的原因之一。有比字符串化更好的方法来保护您的 Access 对象。

罗伯特是对的。你让自己的生活变得困难。你应该重新考虑这个概念。

我必须将此传递给“高级用户”，他将在我完成后继续修改它。我知道他们不太可能摆弄 VBA 代码，但他们很可能会使用向导等添加报告和新表单。我知道这很糟糕，我不期待从现在起 3 年内保持这种状态，所以如果您有任何建议或可以指出我可以帮助我清理它的地方，我将不胜感激。

【参考方案1】：

你的 SQL 不是在 stringSQL_3 中吗？另一个字符串 (string_3) 中有什么？这可能是问题所在，您正在尝试执行错误的字符串？

【讨论】：

对。没有string_3。请声明Option Explicit。

我不是 Access 程序员，不习惯使用变量定义如此松散的语言。我几乎完成了这个项目，但到处都添加了 Option Explicit。非常感谢！现在我只需要忍受一个愚蠢的错误，这个错误将在我的余生中出现在互联网上。

@Mrphin，我们所有人都曾有过这样的经历。不要出汗:)