以编程方式自动布局不起作用

Posted 2023-03-21

【中文标题】以编程方式自动布局不起作用

【英文标题】：Autolayout programmatically doesn't work

【发布时间】：2014-10-27 14:04:33

【问题描述】：

我想以编程方式将 UIImageView 添加到视图并添加约束以使其垂直和水平居中。 使用故事板，它可以工作，但不能以编程方式。

class ViewController: UIViewController 

    override func viewDidLoad() 
        super.viewDidLoad()
        var transitionImageView = UIImageView()
        transitionImageView.frame.size = CGSize(width: 60, height: 68)
        transitionImageView.contentMode = UIViewContentMode.ScaleToFill

        var transitionImage = UIImage(named: "SoProxyLogo60pt")
        transitionImageView.image = transitionImage
        self.view.addSubview(transitionImageView)

        // Position
        let transitionImageViewConstraintCenterX = NSLayoutConstraint(item: transitionImageView, attribute: .CenterX, relatedBy: .Equal, toItem: self.view, attribute: .CenterX, multiplier: 1, constant: 0)
        transitionImageViewConstraintCenterX.identifier = "Transition Image View Constraint Center X"
        let transitionImageViewConstraintCenterY = NSLayoutConstraint(item: transitionImageView, attribute: .CenterY, relatedBy: .Equal, toItem: self.view, attribute: .CenterY, multiplier: 1, constant: 0)
        transitionImageViewConstraintCenterY.identifier = "Transition Image View Constraint Center Y"

        self.view.addConstraint(transitionImageViewConstraintCenterX)
        self.view.addConstraint(transitionImageViewConstraintCenterY)        
    

我遇到了这些错误：

2014-10-27 14:45:18.420 transitionTest1[3438:70b] 无法同时满足约束。 以下列表中的至少一个约束可能是您不想要的。试试这个：（1）查看每个约束并尝试找出您不期望的； (2) 找到添加了一个或多个不需要的约束的代码并修复它。 （注意：如果您看到不理解的 NSAutoresizingMaskLayoutConstraints，请参阅 UIView 属性 translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints 的文档）

<NSLayoutConstraint:0x7fbb5b210790 'Transition Image View Constraint Center X' UIImageView:0x7fbb5af682d0.centerX == UIView:0x7fbb5af674f0.centerX>,
<NSAutoresizingMaskLayoutConstraint:0x7fbb5b25eee0 h=--& v=--& UIImageView:0x7fbb5af682d0.midX == + 30>,
<NSAutoresizingMaskLayoutConstraint:0x7fbb5b258ee0 h=-&- v=-&- UIView:0x7fbb5af674f0.width == UIViewControllerWrapperView:0x7fbb5b257e20.width>,
<NSAutoresizingMaskLayoutConstraint:0x7fbb5b260840 h=-&- v=-&- UIViewControllerWrapperView:0x7fbb5b257e20.width == UINavigationTransitionView:0x7fbb5af5b020.width>,
<NSAutoresizingMaskLayoutConstraint:0x7fbb5b2612b0 h=-&- v=-&- UINavigationTransitionView:0x7fbb5af5b020.width == UILayoutContainerView:0x7fbb5af2adf0.width>,
<NSAutoresizingMaskLayoutConstraint:0x7fbb5b261d40 h=-&- v=-&- UILayoutContainerView:0x7fbb5af2adf0.width == UIWindow:0x7fbb5b251ba0.width>,
<NSAutoresizingMaskLayoutConstraint:0x7fbb5b25ff30 h=--- v=--- H:[UIWindow:0x7fbb5b251ba0(320)]>

将尝试通过打破约束来恢复

中断 objc_exception_throw 以在调试器中捕获它。 中列出的 UIView 上的 UIConstraintBasedLayoutDebugging 类别中的方法也可能会有所帮助。

2014-10-27 14:45:18.421 transitionTest1[3438:70b] 无法同时满足约束。 以下列表中的至少一个约束可能是您不想要的。试试这个：（1）查看每个约束并尝试找出您不期望的； (2) 找到添加了一个或多个不需要的约束的代码并修复它。 （注意：如果您看到不理解的 NSAutoresizingMaskLayoutConstraints，请参阅 UIView 属性 translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints 的文档）

<NSLayoutConstraint:0x7fbb5b252fd0 'Transition Image View Constraint Center Y' UIImageView:0x7fbb5af682d0.centerY == UIView:0x7fbb5af674f0.centerY>,
<NSAutoresizingMaskLayoutConstraint:0x7fbb5b25f140 h=--& v=--& UIImageView:0x7fbb5af682d0.midY == + 34>,
<NSAutoresizingMaskLayoutConstraint:0x7fbb5b258f80 h=-&- v=-&- UIView:0x7fbb5af674f0.height == UIViewControllerWrapperView:0x7fbb5b257e20.height>,
<NSAutoresizingMaskLayoutConstraint:0x7fbb5b260930 h=-&- v=-&- UIViewControllerWrapperView:0x7fbb5b257e20.height == UINavigationTransitionView:0x7fbb5af5b020.height>,
<NSAutoresizingMaskLayoutConstraint:0x7fbb5b2613b0 h=-&- v=-&- UINavigationTransitionView:0x7fbb5af5b020.height == UILayoutContainerView:0x7fbb5af2adf0.height>,
<NSAutoresizingMaskLayoutConstraint:0x7fbb5b261e30 h=-&- v=-&- UILayoutContainerView:0x7fbb5af2adf0.height == UIWindow:0x7fbb5b251ba0.height>,
<NSAutoresizingMaskLayoutConstraint:0x7fbb5b262730 h=--- v=--- V:[UIWindow:0x7fbb5b251ba0(480)]>

将尝试通过打破约束来恢复

中断 objc_exception_throw 以在调试器中捕获它。 中列出的 UIView 上的 UIConstraintBasedLayoutDebugging 类别中的方法也可能会有所帮助。

（这里很难有一个好的布局；））

我不明白为什么这些约束不起作用，它们似乎与情节提要中的相同

【问题讨论】：

（注意：如果您看到不理解的 NSAutoresizingMaskLayoutConstraints，请参阅 UIView 属性 translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints 的文档） 解决方案就在日志中。

UIScrollView doesn't use autolayout constraints 的可能重复项

尝试调用transitionImageView.setTranslatesAutoresizingMask(false)

【参考方案1】：

更新到 SWIFT 3

我测试了你的代码，发现问题是你漏掉了这一行：

transitionImageView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false

此外，如果您希望图像尺寸为 60x68，则需要为宽度和高度添加几个约束，如下所示：

let constW = NSLayoutConstraint(item: transitionImageView, attribute: NSLayoutAttribute.width, relatedBy: NSLayoutRelation.equal, toItem: nil, attribute: NSLayoutAttribute.notAnAttribute, multiplier: 1, constant: 60)

let constV = NSLayoutConstraint(item: transitionImageView, attribute: NSLayoutAttribute.height, relatedBy: NSLayoutRelation.equal, toItem: nil, attribute: NSLayoutAttribute.notAnAttribute, multiplier: 1, constant: 68)

并将它们添加到您的UIImageView

transitionImageView.addConstraint(constW)
transitionImageView.addConstraint(constV)

否则UIImageView 将是UIImage 的大小，即使您分配了CGSize（因为setTranslatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints(false) 会禁用您分配的CGSize）。

所以你的viewDidLoad() 方法可能是这样的：

override func viewDidLoad() 
    super.viewDidLoad()
    let transitionImageView = UIImageView()
    transitionImageView.contentMode = UIViewContentMode.scaleToFill

    //Don't forget this line
    transitionImageView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false

    let transitionImage = UIImage(named: "SoProxyLogo60pt.jpg")
    transitionImageView.image = transitionImage
    self.view.addSubview(transitionImageView)

    // Position
    let transitionImageViewConstraintCenterX = NSLayoutConstraint(item: transitionImageView, attribute: .centerX, relatedBy: .equal, toItem: self.view, attribute: .centerX, multiplier: 1, constant: 0)
    transitionImageViewConstraintCenterX.identifier = "Transition Image View Constraint Center X"
    let transitionImageViewConstraintCenterY = NSLayoutConstraint(item: transitionImageView, attribute: .centerY, relatedBy: .equal, toItem: self.view, attribute: .centerY, multiplier: 1, constant: 0)
    transitionImageViewConstraintCenterY.identifier = "Transition Image View Constraint Center Y"

    let constW = NSLayoutConstraint(item: transitionImageView, attribute: NSLayoutAttribute.width, relatedBy: NSLayoutRelation.equal, toItem: nil, attribute: NSLayoutAttribute.notAnAttribute, multiplier: 1, constant: 60)

    let constV = NSLayoutConstraint(item: transitionImageView, attribute: NSLayoutAttribute.height, relatedBy: NSLayoutRelation.equal, toItem: nil, attribute: NSLayoutAttribute.notAnAttribute, multiplier: 1, constant: 68)

    self.view.addConstraint(transitionImageViewConstraintCenterX)
    self.view.addConstraint(transitionImageViewConstraintCenterY)
    transitionImageView.addConstraint(constW) //self.view.addConstraint(constW) also works
    transitionImageView.addConstraint(constV) //self.view.addConstraint(constV) also works