如何使用变量来确定要使用列表中的哪个索引

Posted 2023-03-11

【中文标题】如何使用变量来确定要使用列表中的哪个索引

【英文标题】：How to use a variable to determine which index in a list to use

【发布时间】：2020-08-24 14:15:53

【问题描述】：

我最近一直在测试我的一个程序，每次我测试它时，我都会收到相同的错误消息： IndexError：列表索引超出范围 代码是

def NewOffer(CurrentOffer, MaximumPrice, y, NoOfBuyers, Buyers):
    x = random.randint(0, NoOfBuyers)
    SelectedBuyer = Buyers[x]
    if CurrentOffer < MaximumPrice[x]:
        CurrentOffer = CurrentOffer + random.randint(1, 500)
        print(str(SelectedBuyer) + " renewed their offer and are now willing to pay £" + 
        str(CurrentOffer) + " for " + str(AuctionedItem))
        x = random.randint(0, NoOfBuyers)
        NewOffer(CurrentOffer, MaximumPrice, y, NoOfBuyers, Buyers)
        time.sleep(3)

唯一每次都会出错的行是 ''' SelectedBuyer = Buyers[x] '''。我该如何解决这个问题？

【参考方案1】：

买家列表中的位置 x 似乎没有元素，您可以通过以下方式检查它

Buyers[x] if len(Buyers) >= x else #some value if it's not in the len()

或

x = random.randint(0, len(Buyers) - 1)

生成一个与买家列表长度一致的随机数。 您可能需要对MaximumPrice 执行相同操作

【参考方案2】：

我试图理解你的代码并想出了另一个实现：

import random
import time

buyers = (
    ("Peggy Carter", 10000),
    ("Phil Coulson", 7500),
    ("Edwin Jarvis", 5000),
    ("Justin Hammer", 2300),
    ("Darcy Lewis", 1750),
    ("Christine Everhart", 6490),
)

auctioned_item = "The Tesseract"
current_offer = random.randint(1, 5000)
print(f"The starting price for auctioned_item is £current_offer")
current_buyer = None

def auction_rounds(current_offer, buyers):
    current_buyer = None
    outbid = False
    while not outbid:
        (next_buyer, next_maximum) = random.choice(buyers)
        while next_buyer == current_buyer:
            (next_buyer, next_maximum) = random.choice(buyers)
        outbid = current_offer > next_maximum
        if not outbid:
            current_buyer = next_buyer
            yield (current_buyer, current_offer)
            next_offer = random.randint(current_offer, min(current_offer + 500,
                                                           next_maximum))
            current_buyer, current_offer = next_buyer, next_offer
    else:
        print(f'This is too much for next_buyer')

for (current_buyer, current_offer) in auction_rounds(current_offer, buyers):
    print(f"current_buyer is offering to pay £current_offer",
          "for", auctioned_item)
    #time.sleep(3)

if current_buyer is None:
    print("The first buyer wasn't even able to pay the starting price")
else: 
    print(f"Sold! The auction item (auctioned_item) is awarded to current_buyer for £current_offer")

我希望这就是你正在寻找的那种东西。